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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Volatile anaesthetics differ in the effects they have on splanchnic haemodynamics and oxygenation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of desflurane and isoflurane as part of a balanced anaesthetic technique on intestinal tissue oxygenation during colorectal surgery. Data were analysed from 44 patients randomly assigned to receive either desflurane (desflurane group, n= 20), or isoflurane (isoflurane group, n= 24) for inhalational anaesthesia. Tissue oxygen pressure (Ptisso2)␣was measured on the serosal side of the large intestine prior to colonic resection (T1) and␣following the completion of the bowel anastomosis (T2). In addition, haemodynamic and oxygenation parameters were assessed. No difference in mean Ptisso2 was observed between the groups at T1 [desflurane group: 8.1 (2.9) kPa vs. isoflurane group: 7.7 (2.7) kPa]. Following completion of the anastomosis (T2) mean Ptisso2 was higher in the isoflurane group [9.6 (2.9) kPa] than the desflurane group [7.7 (2.4) kPa, p = 0.025]. During surgery no difference between the␣groups could be observed with regard to haemodynamics and global oxygenation parameters. The lack of a difference between the groups in Ptisso2 before resection of the colon suggests that,␣under normal conditions, desflurane and isoflurane have comparable effects on intestinal blood␣flow and oxygenation. However, following local ischaemia, the reactive hyperaemia seems␣to␣be better preserved during isoflurane anaesthesia indicated by a local increase in Ptisso2␣(p = 0.013) following completion of the bowel anastomosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Freshwater biology 41 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. The effects of nitric acidification on phytoplankton were studied in a small, eperimentally manipulated, oligotrophic lake (L302N) in the Eperimental Lakes Area of Canada. The focus was altered after 9 years of acidification to investigate the possibility of using nutrient additions to stimulate recovery, followed by a controlled incremental recovery, in which the pH was increased to a predetermined target level.2. Five years of additions of HNO3 to L302N reduced its pH from 6.5 to 6.1. Nitrate concentration increased because the algal community was severely P deficient. The phytoplankton community structure and productivity were not significantly affected by these additions.3. The phytoplankton community was significantly affected when pH was subsequently decreased over three successive years from 6.1 to 5.1 by the addition of HCl. Dominance shifted from chrysophytes to a co-dominance of chlorophytes and dinoflagellates, which altered the size structure of the community. Species diversity significantly decreased, although phytoplankton productivity remained unchanged.4. At pH 5.1 nitrate and sulphate additions were made, creating conditions like those in lakes in eastern North America, which receive high loadings of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The phytoplankton assemblage shifted to dominance by small coccoidal chlorophytes. However, biomass and productivity were unaffected.5. Finally, phosphate, as phosphoric acid, was added, along with nitrate and sulphate, to the epilimnion, which stimulated internal alkalinity generation and productivity. It is concluded that CO2 concentrations and the form of N (nitrate vs. ammonia) affect algal composition but that P determines algal biomass and productivity. Chlorophytes were found to be good competitors for P when N and CO2 were high; it is epected that cyanobacteria would be more competitive for P in low CO2 systems. Conversely, dinoflagellates are most competitive in systems with low pH and high P, such as that which occurred in L302N. Although the P additions reduced N concentrations and created alkalinity, this is not a recommended remedial procedure in acidified lakes because it enhanced dinoflagellate abundance, which has been associated with fish kills.6. When all additions ceased, the pH of L302N recovered from 5.1 to 5.8, chrysophytes and chlorophytes became more abundant and dinoflagellates decreased in abundance. Phytoplankton biomass decreased and species diversity increased. Phytoplankton productivity remained unchanged
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Heparin is still the most commonly used anticoagulant in cardiac surgery necessitating cardiopulmonary bypass. In recent years, endothelial-related coagulation (e.g. thrombomodulin I protein C-system) has enlarged our knowledge of the regulation of haemostasis. In a controlled randomised study, the influence of different regimens of anticoagulation on the thrombomodulin I protein C-system was studied. Sixty patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 15) to receive: 300 IU.kg-1 of heparin before bypass; 600 IU.kg-1 of heparin; 300 IU.kg-1 of heparin as bolus followed by a continuous infusion of 10 000 IU.h-1 until the end of bypass; or 600IU.kg-1 of heparin plus“high dose” aprotinin (2 million IU of aprotinin before bypass, 500 000 IU.h-1 until the end of the operation and 2 million IU added to the bypass pump prime). Grouping was blinded for the surgeon and the anaesthetist. Plasma concentrations of thrombomodulin, protein C and (free) protein S as well as thrombin/antithrombin III were measured by enzyme -linked-immunosorbent assays after induction of anaesthesia, during and after bypass, at the end of surgery, 5h after bypass, and on the first postoperative day. Activated clotting time was significantly longer during bypass in group 2 (566 (60)s) and group 4 (655 (59)s), whereas standard coagulation parameters showed no differences between the four groups. Blood loss and use of homologous blood and blood products were highest in groups 2 and 3. Thrombomodulin plasma levels were similar (and normal) at baseline (〈 40 ng.l-1), decreased during bypass and reached baseline values postoperatively without showing significant group differences. Protein C did not show any differences among the groups within the investigation period.‘Free’ protein S plasma levels were most reduced in group 1 (from 68 (8)% to 48 (9)% after bypass). Thrombin/antithrombin III plasma concentrations increased most in groups 1 (to 69 (14) μg.l-1 after bypass) and 2 (to 48 (7) ng.l-1 after bypass), whereas they remained significantly lower in groups 3 and 4. The thrombomodulin/protein C-system was not significantly influenced by the regimen of anticoagulation. Administration of‘high-dose’ heparin was associated with the highest blood loss, which could not be related to endothelial-associated coagulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 46 (1973), S. 363-370 
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 242 (1987), S. 53-54 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 242 (1987), S. 614-616 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer Fallkontrollstudie wurde der Einfluß der Konisation auf Schwangerschafts- und Geburtsverläufe untersucht. Dabei fand sich eine deutlich erhöhte Frühgeburtssymptomatik, Zervixinsuffizienz sowie ein 3,5fach erhöhtes Risiko der betroffenen Patientinnen für Frühgeburten, was auch eine erhöhte Sectiorate zur Folge hat. Die Autoren ziehen daraus den Schluß, daß eine schwangere Patientin mit vorangegangener Konisation als eine Risikopatientin in bezug auf die Frühgeburtlichkeit einzustufen ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 7 (1966), S. 4261-4263 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 67 (1996), S. 975-982 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Koma ; Intensivbehandlung ; Notfalldiagnostik ; Key words Coma ; Intensive care unit ; Emergency diagnostic procedures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The unconscious patient presents an challenging emergency in the intensive care unit. Patient evaluation and treatment must occur simultaneously. After checking vital signs, deciding about cardiopulmonary resuscitation or intubation, an intravenous line must be established, blood samples collected and glucose and thiamine should be given. The physical and neurological examination should be performed in a efficient way and must consider the following eight points: best reaction to loud commands, best motor reaction to noxious stimuli, respiratory pattern, size and reactions of pupils, eye movements, corneal and blink reflex, meningismus, muscle tone and deep tendon reflexes. With this approach it is possible to formulate a working diagnosis, and the appropriate diagnostic steps can be performed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Aufnahme eines bewußtlosen Patienten bedeutet für den erstbetreuenden Arzt ein gleichzeitiges Arbeiten an der Erstversorgung und den notwendigen diagnostischen Maßnahmen. Nach Überprüfung der Vitalfunktionen, mußüber eine mögliche Reanimation oder die Intubation entschieden werden und zumindestens ein i. v.-Zugang gelegt werden. Dann hat eine rasche allgemeinmedizinische und neurologische Untersuchung zu erfolgen, die Inspektion, Bewußtseinslage, Motorik, Augenstellung und -beweglichkeit, Pupillengröße und -reaktion sowie Meningismus umfassen muß. Bereits aus dieser gestraften klinischen Untersuchung können Hypothesen gebildet werden, die über das weitere diagnostische und therapeutische Vorgehen entscheiden. Ein einfaches Koma ohne fokale Auffälligkeiten weist z. B. auf eine metabolisch-toxische Ursache oder eine Hypoxie hin. Ein Koma mit Hemiparese mit Einschluß des Gesichts deutet auf einen ischämischen Insult, ein Trauma oder eine SAB hin, ein Koma mit Hirnstammbeteiligung würde an eine Basilaristhrombose, eine Hirnstammblutung oder ein Trauma denken lassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 315-321 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kokain ; Ischämischer Insult ; Hirnblutung ; Epilepsie ; Key words Cocaine ; Brain infarction ; Brain hemorrhage Epilepsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Drug-associated/-induced neurological complications are well known in the literature. Cocaine is of major interest due to its widespread use. On the basis of a case report, we discuss the broad spectrum of medical and, in particular, neurological complications. The risk of cerebrovascular damage and epileptic seizures is indicated. The pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebrovascular complications are not well understood.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Drogenassoziierte/-induzierte neurologische Komplikationen sind in der Literatur vielfach beschrieben. Kokain nimmt wegen der Häufigkeit des Mißbrauchs eine besondere Stellung ein. Anhand einer aktuellen Krankengeschichte wird das breite Spektrum allgemein körperlicher sowie speziell neurologischer Erkrankungen referiert. Insbesondere auf die Gefahr epileptischer Anfälle und zerebrovaskulärer Ereignisse wird hingewiesen. Eine kritische Durchsicht der Literatur zeigt, daß Häufigkeit und Pathomechanismen v.a. der letztgenannten Komplikationen umstritten sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 398 (1983), S. 263-275 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: GFAP ; Medulloblastoma ; Pineoblastoma ; Cerebral Neuroblastoma ; Medulloepithelioma ; Small-cell Glioma of Cerebellum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Investigation of GFAP in 50 medulloblastomas showed a few GFAP-positive tumour cells in 5 cases only; 17 tumours were negative, and 28 showed a “pseudopositivity”, i.e. GFAP-bearing cells were identified as reactive or degenerating astrocytes, intermingled with tumour elements. A high GFAP content was seen in 2 small-cell gliomas of the cerebellum, whereas 3 pineoblastomas, 2 neuroblastomas of CNS, and one medulloepithelioma were negative. GFAP is a very good method for identificating astrocytes, but does not seem to be reliable for identifying the origin of undifferentiated tumours such as medulloblastomas. In these neoplasms glial differentiation is lacking or extremely rare, GFAP-positivity being mostly an artifact. The investigation of small tumour samples or the positivity of a single cell are inadequate data for a correct evaluation of the findings, especially taking in mind that GFAP of degenerated astrocytes can be phagocytised by cells other than glial (e.g., macrophages, epithelial and meningioma cells). The importance of carefully checking the whole structure of the tumour is stressed, GFAP positivity or negativity being not a sufficient criterion for its nosological classification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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