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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopamine receptor modulation of noradrenaline release by carmoxirole in human cortical kidney slices (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. S47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Kidney cortex ; Noradrenaline release ; dopamine ; prejunctional receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of the dopamine D2-receptor agonist carmoxirole on noradrenaline release was investigated in human and rat cortical kidney slices. After preincubation with3H-noradrenaline, the slices were electrically stimulated at 5 Hz in superfusion chambers, and the stimulation-induced (S-I) outflow of radioactivity was taken as the index of noradrenaline release. In human but not in rat cortical kidney slice, carmoxi-role (0.03 μM) inhibited the S-I outflow of radioactivity. Carmoxirole (0.3 μM) also failed to inhibit the S-I outflow of radioactivity from human kidney slices. When α-adrenoceptors were blocked by the non-selective α-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine (1 μM), carmoxirole (0.03 μM, 0.3 μM) inhibited S-I outflow to a similar extent. The inhibitory effect of carmoxirole (0.03 μM) was prevented by the D2-receptor antagonist (−)-sulpiride (10 μM) but not by the D1-receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (1μM) in human kidney slices. Phentolamine (1 μM) by itself induced a five-fold greater enhancement of the S-I outflow of radioactivity in rat than in human cortical kidney slices. The data suggest that activation of prejunctional D2-re-ceptors by carmoxirole inhibits noradrenaline release from human renal sympathetic nerves. Carmoxirole in higher concentrations (0.3 μM) blocks inhibitory prejunctional α-autoreceptors, which seems to mask the inhibitory D2-receptor mediated effect. The different effects of phentolamine and carmoxirole in human and rat kidney may indicate a difference of the prejunctional α-autoreceptor mechanism in the two species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01428393
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cystic diseases of the kidney in children: MRI, including RARE-MR-urography (1991)
    Springer
    European radiology 1 (1991), S. 27-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Rapid imaging ; Renal cysts ; Renal dysplasia ; Kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In ten children with cystic diseases of the kidney RARE-MR-urography (rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement) and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging were performed. RARE-MR-urography rapidly and selectively depicts fluid by heavy T2 weighting. Thus, the entire kidney with all its cysts and the urinary tract can be displayed in one non-tomographic image, or preferably in multiple tomographic slices, should there be many small cysts. T1-weighted sequences show the renal parenchyma, signal intensity changes, and/or loss of corticomedullary differentiation. As regards morphology, ultrasound (US) will suffice for diagnostic purposes in most cystic diseases of the kidney. However, in very small cystic lesions where US slows a “pepper and salt” pattern due to insufficient spatial resolution, RARE-MR-urography can display the small fluid-filled spaces causing this appearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540099
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Konzentrationen von Ceftizoxim in Serum, Muskel- und Nierengewebe (1984)
    Springer
    Infection 12 (1984), S. 17-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The pharmacokinetic properties of ceftizoxime, a new beta-lactamase-resistant cephalosporin, were investigated in 27 patients following perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis. 2 g of ceftizoxime were injected before surgery and the concentrations measured in serum, muscle and renal tissue over a period of 30 min to 7 h. The pharmacokinetic data indicated high and long-lasting concentrations of ceftizoxime, especially in the renal tissue; this makes the drug ideal for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections with obstruction and involvement of the renal tissue, provided the bacteria present are sensitive. The administration of 2 g i. v. every 12 h should be sufficient. In view of the high and long-lasting concentrations, it should be possible to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections with a single dose of 2 g every 24 h. However, Enterococci,Bacteroides andPseudomonas aeruginosa are not sufficiently sensitive to ceftizoxime and a combination with an aminoglycoside is thus indicated in the treatment of high-risk patients in the absence of bacteriological tests.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 27 Patienten wurden die pharmakokinetischen Eigenschaften von Ceftizoxim, einem neuen Beta-Laktamase-stabilen Cephalosporin, im Serum, Muskel- und Nierengewebe im Rahmen einer perioperativen Prophylaxe untersucht. Die über einen Zeitraum von 30 Minuten bis sieben Stunden nach präoperativer Injektion von 2 g Ceftizoxim ermittelten pharmakokinetischen Daten ergaben langanhaltende und hohe Antibiotika-Konzentrationen, insbesondere im Nierengewebe, die dafür sprechen, daß Ceftizoxim für die Behandlung von komplizierten Harnwegsinfektionen mit Obstruktion und Gewebebeteiligung ideal geeignet ist, solange es sich um empfindliche Keime handelt. Eine Dosierung von 2 g intravenös alle 12 Stunden ist hierfür ausreichend. Bei unkomplizierten Harnwegsinfektionen sollte aufgrund der hohen und lang anhaltenden Konzentrationen selbst eine einmalige Applikation von 2 g alle 24 Stunden zum Erfolg führen. Da Enterokokken,Bacteroides undPseudomonas aeruginosa keine ausreichende Sensibilität gegen Ceftizoxim aufweisen, sollte, solange ein mikrobiologischer Erregernachweis nicht vorliegt, bei Patienten mit hohem Risiko die Kombination mit einem Aminoglykosid durchgeführt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01641018
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RARE-MR-urography in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract abnormalities in children (1991)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 21 (1991), S. 416-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract RARE-MR-urography (RapidAcquisition withRelaxationEnhancement) is a fast MR imaging technique (6.4 s/acquisition) that selectively depicts fluid by heavy T2-weighting. From 9/1989 to 11/1990, RARE-MR urograms were prospectively evaluated in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract abnormalities in 55 children. The method is performed in several planes and combined with a coronal, T1-weighted spin-echo sequence. Forty out of 42 kidneys with dilated renal pelvis, and 21 out of 24 dilated ureters were identified, only the mildly dilated ones were missed. Even in non-functioning kidneys the urinary tract was clearly depicted by RARE-MR-urography. However, no differentiation could be made with this technique between vesicoureteral reflux and non-refluxing dilatation of ureter and/or renal pelvis. All 19 pelviureteric obstructions and all eight renal duplications with a dilated segment were identified. RARE-MR-urography is a new tool for diagnosing urinary tract abnormalities in children without having to employ ionizing radiation, contrast media, or general anesthesia. A dilated urinary tract can be shown in one image displaying the entire urinary system, similar to excretory urography. The technique is presently not able to provide the information of voiding cystourethrography or renal scintigraphy, nor is it as easy to perform as ultrasound. However, in certain cases it may replace excretory urography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02026676
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Klinische Prüfung der Effektivität und Verträglichkeit von Norfloxacin in der Therapie komplizierter Harnwegsinfektionen und in der Langzeitprophylaxe rezidivierender Harnwegsinfektionen (1987)
    Springer
    Infection 15 (1987), S. 20-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The efficacy and tolerance of norfloxacin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and in low dose long-term prophylaxis over six months for recurrent UTI were investigated in 60 and 27 patients, respectively. In the prophylaxis group, compliance with medication was controlled weekly using Mecur®BT. Five to nine days after treatment, the urine was sterile in 50 out of the 60 patients treated (83.3%); relapse occurred in six patients and was associated with development of resistance in two. Four patients suffered re-infection within the study period. Failure of treatment was closely related to persisting complicating factors in the urinary tract. The overall tolerance of norfloxacin was satisfactory. However, there was one severe allergic reaction. During the total 391 weeks of low dose long-term prophylaxis given to 27 patients, only one break-through infection occurred. Yet compliance studies proved that antimicrobial activity was present in the urines of less than 50% of the patients. During prophylaxis, the rate of infection was reduced from three to four to 0.13 to 0.05 infections/patient/year. There was no development of resistance in the isolates from these patients. Only two adverse reactions were observed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Effektivität und Verträglichkeit von Norfloxacin in der Therapie komplizierter Harnwegsinfektionen bei 60 urologischen Patienten und in der Langzeit-Rezidivprophylaxe mit Niedrigdosen Über sechs Monate bei 27 Patienten untersucht. Fünf bis neun Tage nach Therapie bestand Keimfreiheit bei 50 der 60 Patienten (83,3%); bei sechs Patienten kam es zum Rezidiv, in zwei Fällen trat dabei eine Resistenzentwicklung auf. Bei vier Patienten wurde eine Reinfektion nachgewiesen. Therapieversager waren mit der Persistenz komplizierender Faktoren korreliert. Die Verträglichkeit war mit Ausnahme einer schweren allergischen Reaktion gut. In insgesamt 391 Wochen von Langzeitprophylaxe trat bei einem von 27 Patienten eine Durchbruchinfektion auf. Die einmal wöchentlich durch Micur®-BT kontrollierte Einnahmesicherheit hatte dabei unter 50% gelegen, so daß sich durch die Effektivität der Norfloxacin-Langzeitprophylaxe die Zahl der Durchbruchinfektionen von drei bis vier pro Patient pro Jahr auf 0,13 bis 0,05 reduzierte, dies bei zwei allergischen Reaktionen und ohne daß Resistenzentwicklung auftrat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01646113
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kryptorchismusdiagnostik mittels MRT (1997)
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 145 (1997), S. 1304-1306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kryptorchismus ; MRT ; Key words Cryptorchidism Nonpalpable testis ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Aim: Evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for localisation of nonpalpable testes. Materials and methods: 17 boys aged 11 months – 9 years with 20 undescended testes were included in this study. MR imaging was performed on a 1.0-T system (Magnetom Expert,Siemens, Erlangen). Localizations were divided in: intraabdominal testis, high inguinal testis, lower inguinal testis. Definitive localization was obtained by laparoscopy or open surgery in all patients. Results: Surgically localized undescended testes and anorchia (1 pat.) were previously identified with MR imaging in 16 of 20 nonpalpable testes (80%). 2 undescended testes could not be localized with MRI. In two cases of unilateral absence, an inguinal lymph node was mistaken for a testis. Summary: 1. MRI has an accuracy of 80% in localization-diagnosis of nonpalpable testis. 2. MRI is not able to differentiate sufficiently between an anorchidism and a cryptorchidism. Endoscopic diagnostic techniques can not be replaced by MRI. 3. If an endoscopic procedure is intended in a routine case, MRI is not necessary for preoparative diagnosis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel: Untersucht wurde die Treffsicherheit der MRT bei der Lokalisationsdiagnostik nichtpalpabler Hoden. Material und Methode: 17 Jungen im Alter von 11 Monaten bis 9 Jahren wurden zur Lokalisationsdiagnostik eines oder beider nichtpalpabler Hoden (insgesamt 20 Hoden) mittels MRT (1T-Gerät, Magnetom Expert, Siemens) im Zeitraum von 1992–1995 untersucht. Die Lokalisationen wurden in: Bauchhoden und hohe und tief gelegene Leistenhoden eingeteilt. Die Patienten wurden anschließend laparoskopisch oder offen operiert und der evtl. vorhandene hochstehende Hoden im Skrotum fixiert. Ergebnisse: 16 Hoden (80%) wurden durch die MRT-Diagnostik präoperativ richtig lokalisiert bzw. eine Anorchie richtig diagnostiziert. Zwei Hoden (10%) wurden falsch lokalisiert, 2 Hoden (10%) wurden in der MRT beschrieben, obwohl eine Anorchie vorlag. Von unseren 5 Anorchiefällen konnten mittels MRT nur 3 diagnostiziert werden. Schlußfolgerung: Die MRT erreicht eine gute Trefferquote (80% positive Vorhersagewahrscheinlichkeit) in der präoperativen Lokalisationsdiagnostik des nichtpalpablen Hodens. Da die MRT eine Anorchie nicht mit ausreichender Sicherheit von einem Kryptorchismus differenzieren kann, kann ein fehlender Hodennachweis in der MRT die endoskopische Diagnostik nicht substituieren. Bei geplanter endoskopischer Diagnostik kann im Regelfall auf die präoperative MRT-Diagnostik verzichtet werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001120050231
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