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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 74 (1969), S. 109-122 
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 91 (1971), S. 653-655 
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 88 (1970), S. 137-147 
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
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    Provincetown, Mass., etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The Journal of Genetic Psychology. 35 (1928) 522-545 
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Transplant international 13 (2000), S. S282 
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Brain death ; Hormones ; Catecholamines ; Interleukins ; Inflammation ; Soluble receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Kidneys obtained from brain dead donors show inferior graft survival compared to living donation. The effects of brain death itself are thought to be partly responsible for these results. We, therefore, examined levels of catecholamines, the vasoconstricting hormones AT II, ET-1 and renin activity, pituitary hormones, and their correlation to pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytokine receptors. In 17 brain dead patients and 19 preoperative neurosurgical patients, these parameters were measured by HPLC, RIA and ELISA. Brain death resulted in massive increases in serum catecholamines, AT II and ET-1, as well as PRA, whereas thyroid and adrenal hormone levels remained unchanged. We found a significant correlation with rises in IL-6 and soluble TNF and IL-2 receptors as markers for the activation of immunological cascades. We concluded that these effects could be directly and indirectly responsible for the impaired organ perfusion and function observed in brain death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 105-116 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Toxic nephropathy ; Acute tubular necrosis ; Acute interstitial nephritis ; Chronic nephropathy ; Toxische Nephropathie ; Akute Tubulusnekrose ; Akute interstitelle Nephritis ; Chronische Nephropathie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Elimination von Arzneimitteln oder ihrer Metaboliten wird gelegentlich die Niere selbst in Mitleidenschaft gezogen. Der Ablauf solcher nephrotoxischer Reaktionen läßt sich nach klinischen und morphologischen Gesichtspunkten meist in voneinander gut abgrenzbare Störungen gliedern. Diese Störung der Funktion oder Alteration der Struktur der Niere sind Folge direkt toxischer Wirkungen oder einer Hypersensitivitätsreaktion, auch übergeordnete metabolische Veränderungen sowie ein chronischer Medikamentenabusus können Ausgangspunkt schwerer Nierenfunktionsstörungen werden. Der pathogenetische Mechanismus der nephrotoxischen Reaktionen wird anhand ihrer chemischen Auslöser diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Direct tubular damage, hypersensitivity reaction, metabolically mediated kidney disturbances, and chronic nephropathies are important sequelae of several drugs or their metabolites. In this review the drug-induced kidney disease is discussed from a clinical, histological, and pathogenetic point of view. The knowledge of possible nephrotoxic reactions and their underlying toxins are essential for prevention of this kidney disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 715-726 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Stress ; Emotion ; Hypertension ; Central Nervous System ; Sympathetic nervous system ; Catecholamines ; Streß ; Emotion ; Hypertonie ; Zentralnervensystem ; Sympathicus ; Katecholamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der multifaktoriellen Genese der Hypertonie wird dem Streß eine wichtige ursächliche Bedeutung zugeschrieben, die Vielfalt der Stressoren, die Komplexität der Streßreaktion sowie die vor allem dem Menschen eigene Fähigkeit der Streßreduktion modifizieren jedoch seinen Stellenwert. In dieser Übersicht werden das Konzept des Stresses, sein Erscheinungsbild und seine zentralnervösen Abläufe eingehender analysiert, die Rolle der Emotion als streßbegleitende Reaktion wird herausgestellt. Als wichtiges funktionelles Bindeglied zwischen Streßreaktion und Hypertonie kann das sympathische Nervensystem angesehen werden, da es auch bei der Borderline-Hypertonie eine übergeordnete Rolle spielt. Die naheliegende Annahme einer direkten ursächlichen Verknüpfung von Streß und Hypertonie wird vor dem Hintergrund experimenteller und epidemiologischer Daten durchleuchtet; offenbar hat Streß nur in der Initialphase der essentiellen Hypertonie einen pathogenetischen Stellenwert, bei manifester Hypertonie jedoch kann er als Auslöser intermittierender Blutdruckanstiege therapeutische Bedeutung erlangen.
    Notes: Summary In current literature stress is assumed to be an import factor in the multifactorial pathogenesis of hypertension. The cardiovascular response might be dependent on the type and severity of stressors, the complexity of stress reaction and the ability of man to counteract stress. In this review the concept of stress, its nature and the participation of the central nervous system are elucidated. The role of emotion is also discussed, as well as a connection to stress mechanisms. The sympathetic nervous system acts as link between stress and hypertension, especially borderline-hypertension. Based on various experimental models as well as epidemiological investigations the hypothesis that stress is a causative factor in the initiation of hypertension is critically discussed. In patients with a genetic predisposition to hypertension, stress may play an important role in early manifestations of chronic blood pressure elevation, and in established hypertension, however, psychological stress contributes to temporary or longer lasting increases of blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 194 (1968), S. 167-186 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über 20 sporadische Fälle von neuraler Muskelatrophie berichtet. Von diesen konnten 5 nach einem Intervall von 2–16 Jahren nachuntersucht werden. Auf das Ergebnis der Nachuntersuchung wird besonders eingegangen. Eindeutige sensible Ausfälle fanden sich bei 17 Patienten, und zwar in der charakteristischen Strumpf- bzw. handschuhförmigen Ausbreitung und mit distaler Betonung. Hypaesthesie, selten Anaesthesie, Hypalgesie, selten Analgesie, sowie Thermhypaesthesie bestanden neben Abschwächung des Vibrationsempfindens und des Lagesinns. In einem Fall überwog die Störung der Schmerz- und Temperaturempfindung die der Berührungsqualität, so daß eine angedeutete dissoziierte Störung resultierte. Sichere Beziehungen zwischen der Schädigung der Oberflächen- und Tiefensensibilität bestanden nicht. Bei langer Krankheitsdauer waren beide Qualitäten gleich schwer beeinträchtigt. Muskelatrophien hatten alle Patienten, Paresen stellten sich mit wenigen Ausnahmen erst relativ spät ein. Fuß- und Handdeformitäten wurden zahlreich beobachtet. Störungen der Eigenreflexe, Muskelatrophien und Sensibilitätsausfälle entwickelten sich nicht parallel und zeigten keine direkte Beziehung zur Dauer der Krankheit. Der Verlauf der Krankheit ist langsam, aber individuell unterschiedlich. Als Erstsymptome sind Atrophien und Fußdeformitäten (wahrscheinlich infolge unbemerkter Fußmuskelparesen) zu nennen. Die Krankheitsdynamik zeigt im Hinblick auf Atrophien, Paresen, Reflexausfälle und Sensibilitätsstörungen offenbar individuelle Unterschiede. Sensibilitätsstörungen gehören zweifellos zum klinischen Bild der neuralen Muskelatrophie, selbst wenn sie in Einzelfällen nicht (oder noch nicht) zu erfassen sind.
    Notes: Summary This study reports on 20 sporadic cases ofCharcot-Marie-Tooth disease, five of which could be followed up for periods from 2 to 16 years. Main emphasis of this report is on the results of the follow-up studies. Sensory disturbances with distributions typical of polyneuritic disorders and with symptoms prevailing at the distal parts of the extremities were present in 17 patients. Hypesthesia and hypalgesia, and a few cases of anesthesia and analgesia associated with thermhypesthesia were found. Moreover, reduced sensibility to vibration and posture could be demonstrated in a smaller group of patients. In only one case did the impaired perception of pin pricks and temperature prevail over a slight degree of hypesthesia. No correlation between loss of cutaneous sensibility and impairment of the other sensory functions could be established. However, in patients with long duration of their disease both sensory categories were affected to the same extent. All patients suffered from muscular atrophies, muscular weakness appearing with a few exceptions late in the course of the disease. Claw foot and other deformities of feet and hands occurred very often. Tendon reflexes, muscle function, and sensibility were not affected in a manner related to the individual situation or the severity and duration of the disease. The disease runs a slowly progressive course, not withstanding individual variations. The first symptoms to appear are muscular atrophies and skeletal anomalies involving the lower extremities mainly, presumably as a sequela of an inapparent paresis of the small foot muscles. Development of either muscular atrophies and weakness, or loss of tendon reflexes and sensibility varies markedly even in the same subject. Sensory disturbances are undoubtedly an intrinsic part of the clinical entity ofCharcot-Marie-Tooth disease even though they may not (or not yet) be manifest in some cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Uremia ; Renal osteodystrophy ; Bone collagen metabolism ; Bone mineralization ; Urämie ; Renale Osteodystrophie ; Knochenkollagenstoffwechsel ; Skelettmineralisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die renale Osteodystrophie reflektiert als chronischer Summationsschaden der Struktur und Funktion des Skeletts komplexe Veränderungen im hormonalen Bereich und der Calciumbilanz. Dem Morphologen zeigt sie sich als Mischbild verschiedener histologischer Befunde, unter denen vor allem die Fibro-Osteoclasie eine fortschreitende Destruktion des Knochens verursacht. Unter dem zusätzlichen Einfluß des gestörten Kollagenstoffwechsels des Knochens und der ungenügenden Bildung druckstabiler Mineralkristalle leiden auch die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Skeletts. Offenbar stört die Urämie per se die Kollagenreifung, als weitere pathogenetische Faktoren werden der Einfluß des sekundären Hyperparathyreoidismus sowie Störungen im Vitamin D3-Metabolismus diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Important sequelae of uremia are hormonal changes in calcium homeostasis combined with chronic calcium imbalance causing structural alteration and functional insufficiency of bone. Morphological findings of the so called renal osteodystrophy are osteomalacia, osteitis fibrosa and osteoporosis. Osteitis fibrosa and abnormal skeletal metabolism (changes of collagen turnover, insufficient maturation of stable bone crystals) impair the mechanical qualities of bone. Probably the uremia per se influences the collagen metabolism; additional factors such as secondary hyperparathyroidism and deficiency of vitamin D3 are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 1127-1133 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thirst regulation ; Vasopressin ; Renin-angiotensin-system ; Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Endstage renal disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary About 30% of hemodialyzed patients are suffering from chronic fluid overload despite advice to restrict the oral fluid intake. To investigate the cause of the abnormal drinking behaviour a clinical study was performed in 51 non-diabetic patients with endstage renal disease exhibiting lower interdialytic weight gain (〈3 kg,n=17) and increased interdialytic weight gain (〉3 kg,n=34). Blood pressure, body weight self-estimated thirst intensity before and after hemodialysis were analyzed. Biochemical and behavioral variables were measured including hormonal factors of water and sodium metabolism. Significant differences of dry weight, creatinine, urea nitrogen and thirst intensity were found between the two groups. Catecholamines, renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide exhibited a similar pattern in both groups. Atrial natriuretic peptide decreased during hemodialysis in both groups, angiotensin II, however, and norepinephrine showed an exaggerated response to ultrafiltration rate in polydipsic patients. These results suggest that changes in serum osmolality during hemodialysis did not contribute to thirst and drinking behaviour. It seems that postdialytic hypovolaemia together with higher plasma-angiotensin II-levels is responsible for increased oral intake of fluid and excessive weight gain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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