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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 210 (1975), S. 183-190 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Stereotaxy ; X-ray topography ; Brain topography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Alle Versuche, die Topographie des Gehirns des lebenden Menschen aus anatomischem Material zu rekonstruieren, werden durch technische Schwierigkeiten beeinträchtigt. Das beste Verfahren ist der Vergleich genauer Röntgenaufnahmen, die unter stereotaktischen Bedingungen aufgenommen worden sind. Aus einer großen Sammlung solcher Röntgenaufnahmen haben die Verfasser die Konturen der Tabula interna des Schädels und der Ventrikel nachgezeichnet und diejenigen ausgesucht, die am besten zu dem Schaltenbrand-Baileyschen stereotaktischen Atlas passen. Für den praktischen Gebrauch werden die so gewonnenen Umrißzeichnungen mit den Negativen der durchsichtigen Deckblätter kombiniert, die auf den vierfach vergrößerten Markscheidenserien des Bandes II des Atlasses befestigt sind und auf denen die Felderung und die Bezeichnungen der einzelnen Strukturen des Gehirns verzeichnet wurden. Ein Vergleich unserer Sagittalserie mit den neuen röntgenologischen Befunden zeigt eine extreme Variation in der Stellung der Meynertschen Ebene zum Achsensystem des Großhirns. Wir haben deswegen ein neues Achsensystem für den 4. Ventrikel aus den Kurvenscharen unserer Zeichnungen herausgesucht, um neue bewegliche Deckblätter für die Ventrikelkonturen des Atlasses zu gewinnen. Als Grundlage für das Achsensystem haben wir die Basis des 4. Ventrikels und eine Senkrechte, welche den oberen Brückenrand tangiert, gewählt. Weil der Winkel zwischen dem CA-CP-Achsensystem und dem Achsensystem des 4. Ventrikels von Patient zu Patient variiert, sollten diese beiden Achsensysteme bei der Bestimmung der Koordinaten von Zielpunkten getrennt benutzt werden. Die Parameter der Kleinhirngebiete sollten unabhängig von dem Zentimeternetz für den Hirnstamm gewonnen werden, da diese eine stärkere Beziehung zum Fastigium des 4. Ventrikels haben. Die so gewonnenen Unterlagen können zur Herstellung neuer Diapositivserien für die in Würzburg verwandte Gegenprojektionsmethode benutzt werden. Im Laufe der Untersuchungen entdeckten wir eine Fehlerquelle: Wenn Luft durch das Punktionsloch in den Subduralraum eindringt, sinkt das Gehirn nach der unten liegenden Seite ab. Dies ist besonders störend, wenn bei Eingriffen im Schläfenlappen beim seitlich liegenden Patienten die Ventrikel kollabieren und nach unten absinken. Der Fehler kann aber leicht durch Aufblähung des Ventrikelsystems mit Luft beseitigt werden.
    Notes: Summary All attempts to reconstruct the topography of the brain in the living from studies of animal material are handicapped by technical difficulties. The best method is to compare exact X-ray pictures, which have been taken under stereotactic conditions. From a large collection of such X-rays the authors have composed contours of the internal table of the skull and of the ventricles, which best match the brains, selected for the Schaltenbrand-Bailey stereotactic atlas. For practical purposes these contours were combined with the transparent overlays for the nomenclature and the border lines of the different parts of the basal ganglia, which have been used in the myelin sections part of the atlas. A comparison of our sagittal series with the new X-ray findings shows, that the sagittal schemata of the atlas represent an extreme variation in the position of the Meynert axis and of the contours of the 4th ventricle. We have chosen a new axis system for the hindbrain, which corresponds to the average of our brains in constructing a new set of typical overlays for the atlas. The contour of the posterior fossa had to be completed. An independent axis system for the structures of the 4th ventricle was developed, consisting of the base of the 4th ventricle, and a tangent, to the upper contour of the pons. In stereotactic procedures the axis systems for the forebrain and the hindbrain should be used independently. The results obtained are the basis for a new series of lantern slides which can be projected against the X-ray pictures with the Würzburg stereotactic equipment. In the course of this investigation we discovered a source of error. When air enters the puncture hole of the dura, the brain may sink back, so with the patient lying on his back, all structures may shift a few millimeters towards the occipital region. When the patient is lying on his side, as during an approach to the amygdala through the planum temporale, the ventricular system may collapse, so that almost no air is visible in the ventricles and the 3rd ventricle may appear to be in the lower hemisphere, the dislocation being more than 5–8 mm. But filling the ventricle with air through the ventricular catheter is sufficient to blow up the brain and to restore the normal topography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 194 (1968), S. 328-343 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden die hämodynamischen Aspekte der retrograden Brachialisangiographie und ihre praktische Bedeutung an Hand experimenteller Versuche und eines Kollektivs von 91 Angiogrammen untersucht. Im Vordergrund standen die Beziehungen zwischen Blutdruck, Pulsfrequenz, Injektionsdruck und Injektionsdauer. Die unterschiedliche Verteilung des Kontrastmittels in die verschiedenen Kopfarterien erfolgt sowohl nach den anatomischen als auch kreislaufdynamischen Gesichtspunkten. Die anatomischen Varianten spielen dabei eine wesentliche Rolle. Unter pathologischen Voraussetzungen, wie z. B. durch Vorhandensein von arterio-venösen Mißbildungen, subclavian steal-syndrome oder Verschlüssen und Stenosen der A. carotis communis und A. vertebralis ändern sich auch die physikalischen Aspekte der retrograden Brachialisangiographie, die an Hand einiger Beispiele diskutiert wurden.
    Notes: Summary Hemodynamic aspects of retrograde cerebral angiography through the brachialartery and its practical significance were examined in animal experiments and a group of 91 patients. The correlations between blood pressure and pulse rate, and between injection pressure and injection timing were the main object of this study. The distribution of the radiopaque material among the different segments of cranial arteries follows the anatomy and hemodynamics of this area, anatomical variants playing an important role. Under pathological conditions such as arteriovenous malformations, subclavian steal syndrome, stenosis or occlusion of the common carotid and vertebral arteries, respectively, the mechanical aspects of the retrograde brachial angiography are altered as verified by some clinical observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 17 (1979), S. 89-100 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Aneurysms ; Arteriovenous malformations ; Angiotomography ; Computed angiotomography ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Angiotomographic studies were performed preoperatively on 201 arterial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the head and neck. There were two extracranial aneurysms, 186 intracranial aneurysms and 13 intracranial AVMs. The equipment used was the Philips NeuroDiagnost, either armed with a single multisection cassette for single-phase angiotomography or a triple cassette system on a motor-driven prism for serial angiotomography. Angiotomography was limited to lesions where its use promised to add significantly to the information already obtained from conventional angiograms. Angiotomography was found to be of particular value for the differentiation of small aneurysms from normal vascular structures, for the study of morphology and topography of more or less spherical aneurysms in close proximity to a number of neighboring arteries, for the study of giant aneurysms, for the demonstration of very small AVMs (microangiomas), and for the evaluation of feeding and draining vessels of midline AVMs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cardiac myxoma ; Stroke ; Cerebrovascular disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six of 12 patients with histologically verified left atrial myxoma showed CT and MRI evidence of ischemic lesions of varying size and location, predominantly in the left hemisphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 16 (1978), S. 284-286 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Giant intracranial aneurysms are frequently observed as incidental findings on CT and angiograms obtained for purposes other than subarachnoid hemorrhage, such as slowly evolving nerve palsy or hemiparesis. Since giant aneurysms often thrombose, the CT scan may demonstrate a large aneurysmal volume than the angiogram. This paper presents CT and angiogram findings in cerebral aneurysms with a diameter of 25 mm–60 mm. The discussion covers: sort of aneurysm (congenital, arteriosclerotic); type and degree of thrombosis; long-term results after spontaneous thrombosis; and CT examination after using epsilon-aminocaproic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 16 (1978), S. 332-334 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary CT was performed in more than 500 patients with epilepsy. We did not single out any patient group; in about half of the patients seizures are the only symptom, in the remaining group one symptom among others. CT findings allow very clear distinction between different patient groups. The first group contains patients with symptomatic epilepsy and well-defined CT diagnosis like tumors, a.v. angiomas, tuberous sclerosis, etc. A second patient group consists of patients with seizures only which proved to be symptomatic cases too. In the largest group of about 50%, CT was normal; this contained genuine epilepsy and cases of suspected perinatal brain damage, but also cases with later onset epilepsy. Besides cortical atrophy and cystic changes, the most frequent findings in generalized, psychomotoric, and focal seizures were areas of low density without any enhancement effect after i.v. application of a contrast medium. We are quite sure that this collective is inhomogenous too in spite of its uniform CT. The most valid means of discriminating between several pathogenetic conditions will be CT controls and the further clinical course; etiology still remains unknown in most cases. If we could exclude the cases of perinatal brain damage, trauma, postinfectious states, and cerebral ischemia it would be possible to separate a group of patients on which we could concentrate our efforts on the differential diagnosis between gliomas of slow growth, gliosis, or other nontumorous cerebral conditions. The studies will be continued.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 10 (1975), S. 101-106 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La sérioangiotomographie est une méthode d'investigation sélective qui contribue au diagnostic différentiel et de localisation de la tumeur. En cas de localisation près de la ligne médiane de la tumeur supra-tentorielle, cette technique peut être la seule méthode angiographique capable de donner un résultat précis. En cas de masses basales, les relations de la tumeur avec les os et la duremère peuvent être démontrées exactement. De plus, l'angiotomographie permet de nouvelles considérations hémodynamiques concernant le temps circulatoire et l'intensité du blush tumoral en cas de glioblastome.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Serien-Angio-Tomographie ist eine selektive Untersuchung, die zur exakten Art- und Lokaldiagnose der Tumoren beiträgt. Bei der mittelliniennahen Lokalisation der supratentoriellen Geschwulste kann sie gelegentlich als einzige arteriographische Methode zu einem sicheren Ergebnis führen. Bei den basalen Prozessen läßt sich die Beziehung des Tumors zu den Knochen der Dura exakter darstellen. Darüber hinaus bringt die Angio-Tomographie neue hämodynamische Aspekte hinsichtlich der Kreislaufzeit und Intensität der Tumoranfärbung bei den Glioblastomen.
    Notes: Summary Serial angiotomography is a selective investigative method which contributes to exact differential diagnosis and localization of the tumor. With the localization near the midline of the supratentorial tumors it can occasionally be the only arteriographical method which will bring a definite result. With basal processes the relationship of the tumor to the bones and dura can be demonstrated more accurately. In addition angiotomography brings new haemodynamic aspects with regard to the circulation time and intensity of the tumor stain of glioblastoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 18 (1979), S. 103-106 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cerebral arterial air embolism ; Arterial embolism on CT ; Esophago-arterial fistula ; Hiatus hernia ; Reflux esophagitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of cerebral air embolism from a rather unusual cause is reported; an esophago-cardiac fistula permitted food particles and air to enter the systemic arterial circulation. Massive embolization caused the patient to become deeply comatose rather suddenly. The computed tomogram (CT) revealed massive cerebral edema with the contradictory finding of wide superficial subarachnoid spaces. These subarachnoid spaces on further evaluation proved to be air in the cerebral vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 19 (1980), S. 113-117 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Tomosynthesis ; Flashing tomosynthesis ; Tomography ; Serial tomography ; Autotomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new tomographic method called tomosynthesis and its first clinical results are presented. The method is based on classical tomography. All information necessary for the tomography of an object is obtained in one procedure without moving the X-ray tube, the film, or the object. Thus the investigation requires only a few seconds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 33 (1991), S. 341-345 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Arachnoid cysts ; Volume measured ; Cyst growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The volumes of intracranial arachnoit cysts were measured in 136 CT scans of 86 patients. Absolute and relative cyst size was calculated. Left hemisphere and middle cranial fossa location prevailed. A slight negative correlation of relative cyst size with age (r=−0.21, NS) disappeared when analysis was restricted to the adult age group (≥20 years). After the sample was divided into two groups according to relative cyst size (cysts less than mean volume vs cysts greater than mean volume), small AC showed no correlation with age, while large AC correlated positively with age (r=0.79,P〈0.05). A subgroup of large AC appears to expand with time, while the majority of small AC remain unchanged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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