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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calibration of the TFTR neutron activation system (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1715-1717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Neutron generators, both D–D and D–T, have been used to calibrate the TFTR neutron activation (NA) system for point sources located within the tokamak. The foils used were In for D–D neutrons and Cu, Al, and 238U for D–T neutrons. Delayed neutrons following fission were counted when using 238U foils, 336-keV γ rays from 115In(n,n')115m In reactions, annihilation radiation from 62Cu following the 63Cu(n,2n)62Cu reaction, and 1368- and 2754-keV γ rays from the 27Al(n,α)24Na reaction. Large effects caused by source anisotropy and local machine structure were observed. These effects and the attempts to accommodate them in the data analysis will be described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140143
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calibration of a surface barrier detector for 14-MeV neutron flux measurements on TFTR (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1718-1720 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Nuclear reactions in silicon semiconductor detectors with an energy threshold above 2.5 MeV can be used to measure dt neutrons in a high background of low-energy dd neutrons. This allows the measurement of 14-MeV neutrons from the d(t, n)α reaction in deuterium plasmas, where the tritons from the d(d, t)p reaction create 14-MeV neutrons due to burnup. Measurements with a surface barrier detector are presented together with the calibration of such a detector to measure the absolute 14-MeV neutron source strength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140144
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron calorimeter as a fusion diagnostic (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 1760-1762 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A calorimeter is described which is applicable as a fusion neutron diagnostic. The device has the following distinct advantages: low sensitivity to thermal neutrons, large dynamic range, small mass resulting in fair time resolution, small physical size, independent calibration, little shielding required, no heat loss to surroundings, and low cost. The heat generation is provided by neutron induced fissions in a foil of 235U or 238U. The effects, advantages, and disadvantages of these target materials are discussed. The expected time resolution and dynamic range are estimated for both target materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139173
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis programs and standardization of the neutron activation system at TFTR (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 1757-1759 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The recently installed neutron activation system at the TFTR has been calibrated and the analysis programming largely completed. Data analysis programs are available on an on-line acquisition analysis system or off line on a VAX system. Analysis techniques include random and coincident summing corrections as well as finite source size correction at close geometries. Detector efficiency determinations also use these corrections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139172
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear reaction diagnostics of fast confined and escaping alpha particles (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 1777-1779 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The resonant nuclear reactions D(α,γ) 6Li, 6Li(α,γ) 10B, and 7Li(α,γ) 11B are examined as diagnostics of the energy distribution of confined fast alpha particles in tokamak plasmas. Reaction rates for Q=1 D-T plasmas are estimated. The design of and preliminary results from the prototype fusion gamma ray detector on the tokamak fusion test reactor (TFTR) will be presented. The activation reactions 10B(α,n) 13N, 14N(α,γ) 18F, 25Mg(α,p) 28Al, and 27Al(α,p) 30P are similarly examined as diagnostics of fast escaping alpha particles. Count rate estimates for Q=1 D-T plasmas will be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139179
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of neutron energy spectrum on the efficiency calibration of epithermal neutron detectors (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 1084-1086 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The 235U epithermal neutron fission detector system at TFTR has been calibrated in situ, using three different neutron sources: 252Cf, a D-D, and a D-T neutron generator. These sources produced a continuous spectrum, a line spectrum at ∼2.5 MeV, and a line spectrum at ∼14 MeV, respectively. The toroidally averaged detection efficiencies are 4.61×10−9 (252Cf), 4.80×10−9 (D-D), and 5.42×10−9 (D-T) counts/neutron for a moderated 1.3-g 235U detector placed ∼4 m from the torus centerline. The effects of (n,2n) and (n,n'γ) reactions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138230
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collimated ZnS (Ag)-detector array for Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor neutron source strength radial profile measurements (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 1081-1083 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Time-resolved radial profile measurements of neutron source strength and Ti are required to determine ion energy balance especially during sawtooth oscillations and adiabatic compression. We describe the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) vertical multichannel (10) collimator, two channels of which are now being completed. ZnS detectors will be used (Bicron 720) to reject γ rays and scattered neutrons, and operated in both count rate and current modes. The frequency response is limited by counting statistics and sampling times, but resolves compression times (approximately-equal-to)15–30 ms and Ti collapse times during sawtooth (approximately-equal-to)2–3 ms. The collimator consists of the 6-ft test cell floor plus ∼2-ft detector shield. Detector cross talk is calculated to be negligible. The dynamic range of the detectors is (approximately-greater-than)106, covering the range from ohmically heated deuterium (2.5 MeV neutron emissions of (approximately-greater-than)1013 s−1) to deuterium-beam heated tritium plasmas (14 MeV, (approximately-less-than)1019 s−1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138229
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silicon surface barrier detector for fusion neutron spectroscopy (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 1763-1765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The usefulness of the intrinsic 28Si(n,α)25Mg and 28Si(n, p)28Al reactions in silicon surface barrier detectors for measurements of ion temperatures in D-T fusion plasmas and of D-T fusion neutron flux has been investigated. For a 14-MeV neutron-generator narrow-energy-line source, the energy resolution (∼1.5%), detection efficiency, and useful count rates have been determined. Based on these results, for a 100-ms time bin, D-T plasma ion temperatures from 2 to 6 keV can be determined from the full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of the neutron-induced α spectral lines, with the error estimated to be 25% to 5%, respectively. The maximum intrinsic detection efficiency for a nominal 1500-μm-thick detector is ∼6×10−4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139174
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ calibration of TFTR neutron detectors (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 1900-1914 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We report results of the TFTR fission detector calibration performed in December 1988. A NBS-traceable, remotely controlled 252Cf neutron source was moved toroidally through the TFTR vacuum vessel. Detection efficiencies for two 235U detectors were measured for 930 locations of the neutron point source in toroidal scans at 16 different major radii and vertical heights. These scans effectively simulated the volume-distributed plasma neutron source and the volume-integrated detection efficiency was found to be insensitive to plasma position. The Campbell mode is useful due to its large overlap with the count rate mode and large dynamic range. The resulting absolute plasma neutron source calibration has an uncertainty of ±13%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141115
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TFTR epithermal neutron detector system: Recalibration and effect of nonisotropic neutron emission (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1682-1684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The primary TFTR neutron source strength measurement system consists of seven fission detectors previously calibrated with D–D and D–T neutron generators and a 252Cf neutron source inside the TFTR vacuum vessel. A recalibration became desirable because of the addition of major components to the tokamak. The new calibration with the D–D neutron generator in situ is consistent with the detection efficiencies measured in the previous calibrations, within the uncertainties. Effects of the anisotropic emission of the neutron generator, due both to the variation of the differential D–D yield with angle (similar to that from beam–target and beam–beam reactions in the beam-driven TFTR plasma) and to scattering and absorption by the generator heads have been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140132
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