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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor horizontal high-resolution Bragg x-ray spectrometer (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 1165-1168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A bent quartz-crystal spectrometer of the Johann type with a spectral resolution of λ/Δλ= 10000–25000 is used on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) to determine central plasma parameters from the spectra of helium-like and lithium-like metal impurity ions (Ti, Cr, Fe, and Ni). The spectra are observed along a central radial chord and are recorded by a position-sensitive multiwire proportional counter with a spatial resolution of 250 μ. Standard delay-line time-difference readout is employed. The data are histogrammed and stored in 64 K of memory providing 128 time groups of 512-channel spectra. The central ion temperature and the toroidal plasma rotation are inferred from the Doppler broadening and Doppler shift of the Kα lines. The central electron temperature, the distribution of ionization states, and dielectronic recombination rates are obtained from satellite-to-resonance line ratios. The performance of the spectrometer is demonstrated by measurements of the Ti xxi Kα radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138023
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor x-ray imaging diagnostic (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 830-832 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An array of 64 silicon surface-barrier diodes on a circular arc view Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) plasmas through a slot aperture to provide poloidal imaging of x-ray emission in the 200 eV–15 keV range. Information is inferred on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities, disruptions, radiation, impurity transport, electron temperature, and electron thermal conductivity. Spatial resolution is 2.5 cm. Movable absorber foil arrays provide energy selection. Preamplifier–amplifier pairs have gains of 0.05–100 V/μA. Two outputs are provided with (1) 40-, 80-, and 300-Hz and (2) 40-, 80-, and 600-kHz filtering. The signals are digitized at rates up to 500 kHz and stored in 128K (total system) memory. Foils, gains, and filters are selectable from the control room by a computer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138187
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor horizontal high-resolution Bragg x-ray spectrometer (abstract) (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 848-848 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A bent quartz-crystal spectrometer of the Johann type with a spectral resolution of λ/Δλ= 10000–25000 is used on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) to determine central plasma parameters from the spectra of helium-like and lithium-like metal impurity ions (Ti, Cr, Fe, and Ni). The spectra are observed along a central radial chord and are recorded by a position-sensitive multiwire proportional counter with a spatial resolution of 250 μ. Standard delay-line time-difference readout is employed. The data are histogrammed and stored in 64 K of memory providing 128 time groups of 512-channel spectra. The central ion temperature and the toroidal plasma rotation are inferred from the Doppler broadening and Doppler shift of the Kα lines. The central electron temperature, the distribution of ionization states, and dielectronic recombination rates are obtained from satellite-to-resonance line ratios. The performance of the spectrometer is demonstrated by measurements of the Ti xxi Kα radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138068
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mode Sequences in Ruby Laser Emission (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 196 (1962), S. 332-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] TIME-resolved observations of the intensity distribution and wave-length of the output light from a ruby laser, operated well above threshold pumping power, have already been reported1. This article describes a more detailed investigation, by similar methods, of the near-field patterns and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/196332a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interferometric Measurement of Electron Density in Sceptre IV (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 195 (1962), S. 1291-1292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The common-path interferometer6 used for this experiment has several advantages. It is easy to set up, requires only a moderately narrow wave-length spread and, as each beam passes twice through the plasma, the fringe shift for any electron density change is twice that in a single pass instrument ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1951291a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TFTR epithermal neutron detector system: Recalibration and effect of nonisotropic neutron emission (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1682-1684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The primary TFTR neutron source strength measurement system consists of seven fission detectors previously calibrated with D–D and D–T neutron generators and a 252Cf neutron source inside the TFTR vacuum vessel. A recalibration became desirable because of the addition of major components to the tokamak. The new calibration with the D–D neutron generator in situ is consistent with the detection efficiencies measured in the previous calibrations, within the uncertainties. Effects of the anisotropic emission of the neutron generator, due both to the variation of the differential D–D yield with angle (similar to that from beam–target and beam–beam reactions in the beam-driven TFTR plasma) and to scattering and absorption by the generator heads have been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140132
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements with vertically viewing charge exchange analyzers during ion cyclotron range of frequencies heating in TFTR (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1691-1693 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The utility of charge exchange neutral particle analyzers for studying energetic ion distributions in high-temperature plasmas has been demonstrated in a variety of tokamak experiments. Power deposition profiles have been estimated in the Princeton large torus (PLT) from particle measurements as a function of energy and angle during heating in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) and extensive studies of this heating mode are planned for the upcoming operational period in the tokamak fusion test reactor (TFTR). Unlike the horizontally scanning analyzer on PLT, the TFTR system consists of vertical sightlines intersecting a poloidal cross section of the plasma. A bounce-averaged Fokker–Planck program, which includes a quasilinear operator to calculate ICRF-generated energetic ions, is used to simulate the charge exchange flux expected during fundamental hydrogen heating. These sightlines also cross the trajectory of a diagnostic neutral beam (DNB), and it may be possible to observe the fast ion tail during 3He minority heating, if the DNB is operated in helium for double charge exchange neutralization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140135
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma diagnostics for the CIT (invited) (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1745-1750 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The primary mission of the Compact Ignition Tokamak (CIT) is to study the physics of alpha-particle heating in an ignited D–T plasma. A burn time of about 10 τE is projected in a divertor configuration with base-line machine design parameters of R=2.10 m, a=0.65 m, b=1.30 m, Ip=11 MA, BT=10 T, and 10–20 MW of auxiliary rf heating. Plasma temperatures and density are expected to reach Te(0)∼20 keV, Ti(0)∼30 keV, and ne(0)∼1×1021 m−3. The combined effects of restricted port access to the plasma, the presence of severe neutron and gamma radiation backgrounds, and the necessity for remote handling of in-cell components create challenging design problems for all of the conventional diagnostics associated with tokamak operations. In addition, new techniques must be developed to diagnose the evolution in space, time, and energy of the confined alpha distribution as well as potential plasma instabilities driven by collective alpha-particle effects. The design effort for CIT diagnostics is presently in the conceptual phase, with activity being focused on the selection of a viable diagnostic set and the identification of essential research and development projects to support this process. A review of these design issues and other aspects impacting the selection of diagnostic techniques for the CIT experiment will be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140099
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of TFTR diagnostics for D–T break-even experiments (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1881-1883 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Although diagnostic systems for the tokamak fusion test reactor (TFTR) must be compatible with high-power experiments in deuterium–tritium (D–T) plasmas, it has been neither possible nor desirable to implement all the required features during the early phases of the facility. The research plan, the physical plant, instrumentation, and diagnostic techniques have all evolved during the past decade, and some of the original plans are no longer suitable. Preparations are now underway for D–T operation in TFTR in 1990. Among the activities necessary in support of the research plan are completion of the installation of the D–T diagnostic set, modification of diagnostic hardware to accommodate the "igloo'' radiation shield of the torus, installation of auxiliary shielding for detectors and electronics, and enhancement of the reliability of specific components. These preparations and the final D–T diagnostic set for TFTR will be described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140041
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of the TFTR rf probe array (abstract) (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1890-1890 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new diagnostic, composed of an array of high-frequency magnetic probes, has been installed in TFTR for the study of waves driven by the ICRF heating antennas and waves generated spontaneously during ohmic and beam-heated discharges. The former is of interest because of the possibility of surface wave generation by the heating antennas, and the latter because emission spectra may be useful as a beam ion or fusion product diagnostic. The array consists of seven fixed probes positioned at various toroidal and poloidal locations in order to obtain information about the corresponding wavenumbers in the edge region. Each probe consists of two orthogonal loops oriented to measure Bφ and Bθ. The array utilizes single-turn loops with areas of 12 cm2 and carefully selected signal processing elements to achieve a usable bandwidth of 1–500 MHz. Reduction of electrostatic pickup is accomplished by differentially combining signals from both ends of a loop using a wideband hybrid junction and by using an alumina shield to reduce capacitive coupling. The system permits simultaneous observation of both the magnetic and electrostatic components of the probe signal, allowing verification of the rejection ratio in a particular experiment. Details of the diagnostic design and experimental plans are discussed. This work was supported by U. S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-76-CHO-3073.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140045
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