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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safety and side effects of human and ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone administration in man (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 69 (1991), S. 185-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Corticotropin-releasing hormone ; side effects ; man ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Central nervous system agents ; Respiration ; Flushing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synthetic human and ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (hCRH, oCRH) are commonly used as a diagnostic tool of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. In this paper reports about side effects after various modes of CRH-application are analyzed and compared to our corresponding data of human studies with hCRH and oCRH. Generally, CRH is well tolerated after single administration and interval-application of standard doses, although minor side effects appear sometimes after higher doses (〉200 μg hCRH, oCRH) of CRH-bolus-injections. Predominantly the cardiovascular system (e.g. tachycardia, hypotension, flushing) is affected; neuropsychological symptoms are only seen sporadically (e.g. dizziness). Long term continuous infusion (several hours) of low CRH-doses (hCRH, oCRH) are well tolerated but side effects appear (see above) when cumulated doses of 200 μg–300 μg/h are given. Standard doses of hCRH and oCRH are also well tolerated in severely ill patients; it has to be considered that higher doses may provoke marked side effects in persons with neurologic disorders, in subjects with coronary heart disease and in patients with endocrinological disorders of the pituitary-adrenal axis, especially in those subjects in whom the blood-brain-barrier may have been damaged (e.g. head injury, intracranial operation). Single hCRH- and oCRH-bolus-injections in standard doses have a very low rate of complications, “non-standard” doses should provisionally be used only in clinical studies with well designed safety-precautions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01646939
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra- and extracerebral blood flow changes and flushing after intravenous injection of human corticotropin-releasing hormone (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 331-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human corticotropin-releasing hormone ; Flush-blood flow-Doppler sonography ; Medial cerebral artery ; External carotid artery ; Extracerebral blood flow ; Intracerebral blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To study facial flush after systemic administration of human corticotropin-releasing hormone (hCRH) we injected 100 μg hCRH intravenously to ten healthy young men. The increase in facial temperature was measured by infrared camera. A significant increase in facial temperature of 1.39°C ± 0.3 was found within 7 min in all patients, which lasted up to 60 min, although facial flushing was visible in only 50% (5/10) of the probands. In a second experiment 100 μg hCRH was then administered to seven other healthy young men. Intra- and extracerebral blood flow velocity changes in the medial cerebral artery (MCA) and external carotid artery (ECA) were measured after hCRH administration by use of Doppler sonography. We found a decrease of intracerebral blood flow which was caused by hyperventilation and was reversible following 6% CO2 hyperventilation during a second injection of 100 μg hCRH. Blood flow velocity in the ECA increased by 111.5 ± 32.9% (compared to baseline level), lasted up to 60 min after hCRH injection, and was not reversible by 6% end-tidal CO2 ventilation. We thus demonstrated that the direct vasodilatory effect of hCRH involves the ECA-supplied vascular territory only. The intracerebral vasoconstrictory effect represents the result of hyperventilation following hCRH injection. The data thus clearly suggest an interaction of hCRH and the vascular endothelium of the ECA, causing a marked blood flow velocity increase and facial flushing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252822
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human corticotropin-releasing factor (hCRF) is a potent respiratory analeptic (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 924-928 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human corticotropin-releasing factor (hCRF) ; Biological activity ; Respiratory analeptic ; Human beings ; Hyperventilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During intravenous corticotropin-releasing factor stimulation tests we observed a deepening of the tidal volume in 35 patients. To investigate this presumed respiratory stimulation we measured respiratory parameters in 12 healthy male volunteers in a single-blind placebo-controlled trial. The intravenous 60-s infusion of 100 µg of human corticotropin-releasing factor induced a very potent respiratory stimulation in every subject: respiratory minute volume (mean ± S.D.) increased by 81% from 6.319±0.577 to 11.464±1.264 liters per min (P〈0.001), whereas there was only a slight rise in the mean respiratory rate from 12.4±3.0 to 14.7±2.7 breaths per min (P〈0.001). Mean tidal volume increased from 531±105 to 809±175 ml (P〈0.001). Mean end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide decreased (P〈0.001) from 40.3±1.2 to 33.4±1.2 mmHg, whereas mean end-tidal partial pressure of oxygen increased (P〈0.001) from 93.2±5.4 to 113.5±5.4 mmHg. After 10 to 20 min both end-tidal carbon dioxide and oxygen partial pressures returned to the baseline values. The placebo had no measurable effects. We conclude that human corticotropin-releasing factor is a potent respiratory stimulant. With 100 µg the resting respiratory minute volume increases by 81%. These data point to the possible importance of the corticotropin-releasing factor as a useful adjunct in the management of patients with alveolar hypoventilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728617
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Architecture in cortical bone and ultrasound transmission velocity (1993)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 12 (1993), S. 364-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Ultrasound ; Cortical bone ; Mechanical Properties ; Architecture ; Modulus of Elasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The square of ultrasound transmission velocity in a material is correlated to the modulus of elasticity, which is an indicator of its mechanical properties. This might make the measurement of ultrasound transmission velocity useful in the noninvasive diagnosis of bone diseases. Bone, however, is not an isotropic material but is architecturally structured. The aim of our study was to investigate and especially to quantify the influence of architecture in cortical bone on ultrasound transmission velocity. Twenty-two rectangular, flat specimens of cortical bone were prepared from diaphysis of fresh pig radius. Ultrasound transmission velocity was measured parallel and perpendicular to direction of Haversian channels. It was found to be 3647 ± 41 m/s parallel to and 2821 ± 29 m/s perpendicular to Haversian channels respectively (p〈0.001). Our results clearly indicate that there is an important influence of architecture in cortical bone on ultrasound transmission velocity which has to be taken into account in its clinical use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02231581
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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