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  • 1
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A total number of 58 parameters (laboratory values, neurological symptoms, and vegetative parameters) were evaluated in 150 patients during the first seven days after severe head injury. The patients were divided into two groups, “survivors” and “non-survivors”. Eight easily evaluable routine parameters with the most significant differences between the two groups of patients were used for statistical evaluation of a “no survival chance score”. These highly indicative parameters are serum osmolarity and urea, blood glucose, total bilirubin, motor reaction to stimuli, body temperature, respiratory activity, and pupil reaction. A “low survival chance limit” was evaluated from each of these parameters by computer analysis. None of the patients in the series survived when three or more of these eight parameters had climbed beyond the limit. So far, the system is able to predict “no survival chances” in 50.8% of the non-survivors some six days prior to death; 80% of these predictions could be made by the fourth day after injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 82 (1986), S. 102-109 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Stroke ; surgical treatment ; follow-up after stroke ; reinfarction rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This prospective open study of 124 patients [80% with completed stroke (CS), 16% with TIAS, 4% with PRIND] consecutively admitted between 1976 and 1981 investigates the rates of reinfarction after surgical treatment (extra-intracranial arterial bypass, EIAB and/or carotid thrombendarterectomy, TEA). 34% of patients had unilateral carotid stenosis, 26% unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion, 17% had occlusion of one and stenosis of the contralateral internal carotid artery, 14% bilateral carotid stenosis. Combined surgical morbidity and mortality was 5% after 158 operations in 124 patients; 7 of the 8 complications occurred in patients with CS. Of the 120 survivors in the immediate postoperative period, after a mean follow-up period of 5.7 years ranging from 3–8 years, an infarct occurred in 5.8%,i.e., 1% per year; 3 of them occurred ipsilaterally, 2 contralaterally to the first infarct, two remained unknown. Among all 99 patients with CS, the reinfarction rate was 5% (1% per year); in CS patients with a minimal follow-up of 5 years, the annual reinfarction rate was 2%. Of fifty-three patients with completed stroke after EIAB with a mean follow-up of 4.6 years, 3.8% suffered reinfarction (0.8% per year). Among 26 patients with CS and unilateral carotid occlusion after a mean follow-up of 4.7 years, the reinfarction rate was 3.9% (0.8% per year). Among 46 patients with carotid occlusion with or without further stenotic or occlusive lesions, the reinfarction rate was 2.2%. Comparing these follow-up data with results of medical treatment, it is concluded that a combination of surgical treatment and the administration of acetylsalicylic acid can be considered to improve the prognosis of patients with occlusive and/or stenotic cerebrovascular disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 1455-1460 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords NIDDM ; Lp(a) ; urinary apo(a) excretion ; microalbuminuria ; macroalbuminuria.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lp(a), one of the most atherogenic lipoproteins, is believed to contribute significantly to vascular diseases in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients. Contradictive data have been published on these patients concerning plasma concentrations of Lp(a) and their relation to renal function. Since apo(a) fragments appear in urine, we measured urinary apo(a) in 134 NIDDM patients and 100 matched controls and related urinary apo(a) concentrations to plasma Lp(a) levels and kidney function. Plasma Lp(a) values were found to be significantly higher in NIDDM patients. NIDDM patients also secreted significantly more apo(a) into their urine as compared to control subjects. There was no correlation between creatinine clearance or albumin excretion and urinary apo(a) concentrations. Patients with macroalbuminuria exhibited a twofold higher apparent fractional excretion of apo(a) in comparison to patients with normal renal function. Urinary apo(a) values in both patients and control subjects were highly correlated to plasma Lp(a), yet no correlation was found with HbA1 c or serum lipoproteins. It is concluded that urinary apo(a) excretion is correlated to plasma Lp(a) levels but not to creatinine clearance in patients suffering from NIDDM. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 1455–1460]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 11 (1995), S. 57-59 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion Almost all of the above has been stated in previous communications [3, 4, 6–8], but with regard to the current evolution in the European Community, it appears extremely important to make clear, emphasize, and repeat these issues again and again. In North America, the question has been raised whether a fellowship should be instituted for this subspeciality. In his paper, R. M. Scott discussed a 2-year fellowship, with 1 year of clinical experience, 3 months of pediatric neurology and 9 months in other subspecialities or research [9]. As a conclusion, he asked the question, “Where will these individuals practice?” Specialization is progress. This can be deduced from many examples, in the development of medicine, for example, in surgery developed by pioneers initially dealing with every thinkable surgical procedure. And, at present no one would seriously expect a cardiac surgeon to deal with surgical problems of the urinary tract. Pediatric neurosurgery is to be considered nothing else but genuine neurosurgery. The difference lies in the disease entities with malformations being treated in newborns and infants, on the one hand, and the special requirements of a very young individual on the other. The answer to this question is “yes”. As far as can be foreseen, pediatric neurosurgery could remain in very close relationship to the mother speciality of general neurosurgery, but should always be practiced in an environment compatible with the needs of a pediatric population by personnel with neurosurgical and pediatric expertise. Considerations and efforts must not be governed by selfish intentions, serving the purpose of self-promotion, but aimed exclusively at the benefit of our children. This aim will be best achieved by promotion of and education in pediatric neurosurgery and simultaneously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Perinatal head trauma ; Growing skull fracture ; Head injury in infancy and childhood ; Vacuum extraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of growing skull fracture following birth trauma and caused by vacuum extraction is reported in order to emphasize the incidence of this peculiar head injury at the beginning of extrauterine life and to point out its relation to possible neuropsychological disturbances that may appear later in childhood. Delivery by vacuum extraction increases the incidence of perinatal injuries and consequently the incidence of neurological deficits in children. Neurosurgical repair is advocated as the appropriate treatment, with the aim not only of cosmetically correcting the lesion's typical subgaleal protuberance with cranioplasty, but also of performing a water-tight closure of the dura, enabling the cerebral cortex to “fill in” the intracerebral lesion. The surgical technique and gross pathology of the lesion are described together with radiological findings before and after surgery. Reports by other authors are reviewed in an attempt to identify the conditioning factors and pathological features of this traumatic injury to skull and brain in neonates and infants. The literature on cranial fractures associated with intracerebral lesions at this age shows a significant difference in recovery and outcome from that after similar lesions in older children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Childhood central nervous system tumors ; Survival Cognitive deficits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the finding at follow-up in 67 consecutive children with central nervous system tumors treated over a 5-year-period at a single institution. The diagnoses were supratentorial astrocytoma (n = 12), cerebellar astrocytoma (n = 10), ependymoma (n = 9), medulloblastoma (n = 9), brain stem glioma (n = 6), optic pathway glioma (n = 5), and others (n = 16). The survival rates were 83% for supratentorial astrocytomas at a median of 46.5 months, 90% for cerebellar astrocytomas and 55% for ependymomas at 40 months, respectively, 55% for medulloblastomas at 22 months, 33% for brain stem gliomas at 23 months, and 80% for optic pathway gliomas at 49 months. With regard to neurological sequelae, 13 patients were treated for epilepsy, 13 patients had mild to moderate neurological deficits, and 4 patients were severely disabled. Seventeen of 37 tested patients performed below average on formal neuropsychometric testing, one-fourth attended special education courses, and at least one-fourth suffered from behavioral and adjustment problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Brain stem tumors ; Hyperfractionated radiotherapy ; Sequential chemoradiotherapy ; Polychemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Between October 1989 and Junuary 1991 five children with brain stem tumors were treated with sequential chemo- and radiotherapy. The polychemotherapy consisted of procarbazine, ifosfamide, etoposide, methotrexate, cisplatin and cytosine arabinoside. Locally, hyperfractionated radiotherapy was delivered at a total dose of 63.8 Gy (1.1 Gy twice daily, 10 fractions per week). After a median observation time of 11.8 (range 4–23) months from diagnosis three children are alive and without evidence of tumor progression. Two patients died from tumor progression 11 and 16 months respectively after initiation of therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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