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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TESTS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH POTENTIAL DIABETES, LATENT DIABETES AND GLYCOSURIA (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 78 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed at two stages of pregnancy and after delivery in women who were thought liable to have an abnormality of glucose tolerance, i.e. those who had a first-degree diabetic relative, those who had given birth to an infant weighing more than 4·84 kg. (10 pounds) or a stillborn infant, those who had glucose in more than one routine urine specimen, and those who were known to have had an abnormal glucose tolerance in a previous pregnancy. Some normal pregnant women were also tested to provide a control group.In normal subjects there was a small increase in peak glucose levels at 32 weeks but not at 22 weeks. Insulin levels were higher during pregnancy than after delivery: the difference being significant at 32 weeks.In women who had a first degree diabetic relative, those who had given birth to an infant weighing more than 4·84 kg. (10 pounds) and those who had glucose in routine urine specimens in pregnancy, the mean glucose level two hours after oral glucose was significantly elevated at the 32nd week. Insulin levels differed little from the normal group, although the two-hour level at 32 weeks tended to be higher than in the normal group.In women who had had an abnormal glucose tolerance in a previous pregnancy (latent diabetics) glucose tolerance was again markedly abnormal and this was associated with impaired insulin secretion.It is concluded that pregnancy may reveal defects in insulin secretion in women who are at risk for the development of diabetes. In the case of latent diabetes the defect is severe enough to produce a temporary diabetic state. In the other groups tested (potential diabetics) there is some evidence of a lesser defect in insulin secretion which is not severe enough to cause frank diabetes. The significance of these findings for mother and fetus is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1971.tb00307.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic studies in chlorpropamide-alcohol flush positive and negative Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetic patients with and without retinopathy (1983)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 24 (1983), S. 213-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Chlorpropamide-alcohol flush ; retinopathy ; glucose tolerance test ; serum insulin ; serum triglycerides ; blood metabolites ; Type 2 diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serum insulin and blood metabolite responses to oral glucose with and without intravenous naloxone were measured in 24 chlorpropamide-alcohol flush positive and negative Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetic patients with and without retinopathy. In the chlorpropamide-alcohol flush positive patients with retinopathy, fasting blood glucose was increased 〉40% and the serum triglycerides were increased over twofold compared with each of the other three groups. Following oral glucose (50 g), the chlorpropamide-alcohol flush positive diabetic patients with complications had a lower serum insulin and higher blood glycerol than the other three groups. Thus, chlorpropamide-alcohol flush positive subjects with retinopathy showed distinct metabolic differences from the other three groups. There was no evidence that opiate-receptors influenced the metabolic response to oral glucose in the Type 2 diabetic patients since the infusion of intravenous naloxone produced no effect on the serum insulin or blood metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00250165
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    British Diabetic Association Medical and Scientific Section, Spring Meeting Abstracts (1967)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 3 (1967), S. 540-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213574
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence that the reduced number of natural killer cells in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes may be genetically determined (1987)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 907-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Natural killer cells ; identical twins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Viruses may cause Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. We wondered whether the number and function of natural killer cells, which are important in anti-viral defense, are disturbed in diabetic patients. We studied 16 recently diagnosed Type 1 diabetic patients, 18 Type 1 diabetic patients diagnosed more than 15 years previously, 18 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and 23 control subjects. We determined the number of natural killer cells (expressed as log10%) using anti-Leu 11 monoclonal antibody and the function (in log10 lytic units) concurrently using a 51Cr release assay with K 562 as target cells. We found that the number of natural killer cells was reduced in Type 1 diabetes (1.01±0.04) as compared with Type 2 diabetic patients (1.16±0.04, p=0.004) and normal control subjects (1.16±0.04, p=0.006). To establish whether the reduced natural killer cell number is genetically determined we studied 19 identical twin pairs discordant for Type 1 diabetes; we found that even the non-diabetic co-twins had a reduced natural killer cell number (0.93±0.05, p= 0.0006) as compared with normal control subjects. Natural killer cell function was similar in all groups while natural killer activity per cell was significantly increased in the recently diagnosed diabetic patients (1.63±0.07) as compared with long-standing diabetic patients (1.26±0.26, p= 0.03) and controls subjects (1.36±0.07, p= 0.006). In conclusion the reduced number of natural killer cells in Type 1 diabetes appears to be genetically determined while their activity at diagnosis is increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295872
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Islet-cell antibodies as predictors of the later development of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes (1989)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 382-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Idenitical twins ; islet-cell antibodies ; Type 1 ; (insulin-dependent) diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine the value of islet-cell antibodies, both complement-fixing and non-complement-fixing, in predicting the later development of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes, we studied different groups of identical twins. Twelve twins have developed diabetes and 11 of these had non-complement-Fixing islet-cell antibodies before diagnosis, and eight out of nine tested had complement-fixing islet-cell antibodies. Of the twins who have remained non-diabetic for many years and are now unlikely to develop diabetes, twelve have had non-complement-fixing islet-cell antibodies at some stage but only four have ever had complement-fixing antibodies. In 29 non-diabetic co-twins tested within 5 years of the diagnosis of diabetes in the affected twin the presence of islet-cell antibodies, especially complement-fixing, predicted the progression to frank diabetes with a high specificity (100%), sensitivity (88%) and predictive value (100%). In pairs remaining discordant the antibodies were found more frequently in the diabetic than the non-diabetic twin. We conclude that the presence of islet-cell antibodies is not genetically determined and can occur without progression to diabetes. However, the presence of islet-cell antibodies, especially complement-fixing, in non-diabetic twins tested soon after the diagnosis of their co-twin, indicates a high risk for the development of diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00277263
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of enkephalins and morphine on insulin secretion from isolated rat islets (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 19 (1980), S. 158-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Enkephalins ; morphine ; insulin secretion ; isolated rat islets ; islet perifusion ; diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The direct effects of an enkephalin analogue, (D-Ala2/MePhe4/Met/(O)-ol) enkephalin (DAMME), on insulin release from isolated islets of Langerhans of the rat have been investigated. DAMME had a dose-dependent effect on insulin secretion: low concentrations (10−10 to 10−8 mol/l) were stimulatory while high concentrations (10−5mol/l) were inhibitory in the presence of 8 mmol/l glucose. Similar effects were found with met-enkephalin, and with the longer acting alanine substituted metenkephalin. Morphine sulphate (5 sx 10−7 mol/l) also stimulated insulin release. The effects of enkephalin and morphine were blocked by the specific opiate antagonist naloxone hydrochloride (1.2 × 10−6 mol/l). The insulin secretory response of perifused islets to enkephalins and morphine was rapid, corresponding to the first phase of glucose induced insulin release. These observations suggest that there may be opiate receptors in islets, and that opioid peptides could modulate insulin release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421864
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diabetes in identical twins (1981)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 20 (1981), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Identical twins ; concordance ; discordance ; insulin dependent diabetes ; non-insulin dependent diabetes ; genetics ; aetiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262007
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letter to the editor (1979)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 16 (1979), S. 139-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01225465
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 18 (1980), S. 82-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01228310
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1982)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 23 (1982), S. 460-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260965
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