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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 147 (1999), S. 562-566 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Pigmentierter neuroektodermaler Tumor ; Melanotischer neuroektodermaler Tumor ; Tumoren des Kindesalters ; Key words Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor ; Tumors of infancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy is a rare neoplasm of neural crest origin. It almost always occurs in children younger than one year of age with a predilection for the anterior maxillary ridge. Although it usually follows a benign course, local destruction as well as metastasis and death may result from the tumor. Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor is most commonly treated by surgery. 10–15% of the lesions recur. We report the case of a 2-month-old infant suffering from melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy of the premaxilla who was successfully treated with a combination of various chemotherapeutic agents in order to spare the child a mutilating operation or the late effects of radiation. Discussion: Chemotherapeutic management of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy can possibly spare the child a mutilating operation or at least reduce its extent.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der pigmentierte neuroektodermale Tumor des Kindesalters ist eine sehr seltene Geschwulst, die ihren Ursprung von der Neuralleiste nimmt. Fast immer sind Säuglinge von der Erkrankung betroffen. Prädilektionsort ist die vordere Maxilla. Obwohl der Tumor in der Regel eine sehr gute Prognose aufweist, besteht das Risiko einer lokalen Gewebedestruktion ebenso wie die Möglichkeit der malignen Entartung. Zumeist wird chirurgisch gegen die Geschwulst vorgegangen. In 10–15% der Fälle kommt es zum Rezidiv. Wir berichten über einen 2 Monate alten Säugling mit pigmentiertem neuroektodermalem Tumor der Prämaxilla, den wir erfolgreich mit einer Kombinationschemotherapie behandelten, um ihm eine Entstellung im Gesichtsbereich durch eine Operation oder die Spätfolgen einer Strahlentherapie zu ersparen. Diskussion: Die Chemotherapie eines pigmentierten neuroektodermalen Tumors des Kindesalters kann möglicherweise eine Operation mit ihren Komplikationen ersetzen oder zumindest das Ausmaß einer solchen mindern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Multidrug resistance ; P-glycoprotein Neuroblastoma ; Nephroblastoma ; Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the expression of MDR1/p-glycoprotein in paediatric tumours using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), RNA dot blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed paraffin-embedded material with JSB-1 and C-219 monoclonal antibodies, and compared these three techniques. The expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) gene was examined by RT-PCR assay. We studied MDR1/p-glycoprotein and MRP expression in 13 samples from 10 neuroblastoma patients, 11 samples from 10 nephroblastoma patients, 2 rhabdomyosarcomas, 1 adrenocortical carcinoma and 10 benign tumours or tumour-like lesions. Eleven of 13 neuroblastomas, 7 of 11 nephroblastomas, 2 rhabdomyosarcomas, 1 adrenocortical carcinoma, and 7 of 10 benign tumours or tumour-like lesions showed MDR1 PCR products. By RNA dot blot analysis, MDR1 transcripts were detectable in 11 of 34 specimens. Immunohistochemically, we detected positive reaction products for JSB-1 in 26 of 36 samples. There was a significant correlation between the immunoreactivity for JSB-1 and the expression of MDR1 mRNA expression by RTPCR (P=0.0001). However, the presence of p-glycoprotein immunostaining does not correlate with the MDR1 expression shown by RT-PCR in every case. As for MRP mRNA expression, 9 of 13 neuroblastomas and 10 of 11 nephroblastomas revealed PCR products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Liposarcoma ; c-myc gene expression ; p53 gene mutations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Although it is well known that oncogenesis is a multistep process involving the activation of normal cellular genes to become oncogenes and/or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, this process has seldom been investigated in soft tissue tumours. We screened a group of 36 liposarcomas for genetic abnormalitis in the p53 tumour suppressor gene and c-myc oncogene. Altered c-myc gene expression was examined by differential RT-PCR assay. p53 Gene mutations in exons 4–8 were analysed by using PCR-SSCP analysis and direct sequencing. Elevated c-myc expression was found in 6 of 31 liposarcomas (19.4%). p53 Gene mutations were observed in 5 of 36 liposarcomas (13.9%). Both genetic alterations were associated with the histological subtype of liposarcomas. Whereas c-myc gene expression was a characteristic of myxoid/round cell liposarcomas, p53 gene mutations were found more frequently in pleomorphic variants. Liposarcomas of the well-differentiated subtype showed neither p53 gene mutations nor altered c-myc gene expression. Our results indicate that the c-myc oncogene and the p53 tumor suppressor gene do not seem to cooperate in the oncogenesis of liposarcomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Plasminogen activator ; Plasminogen activator inhibitor ; Bone formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of urokinase plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human embryofetal bone formation between the 9th and the 20th week of gestation has been studied immunohistochemically. While mature osteocytes of the secondary spongiosa and resting chondrocytes of the bone epiphyses were negative for both antigens in each developmental stage, metabolically active parts of the osseocartilaginous system showed a strong immunoreactivity. Until the end of the 10th week of gestation urokinase plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 could not be demonstrated in the shaft of the preexisting cartilaginous models of bones, which correlates with the morphological developmental stage of the embryos. Later, osteoblasts and chondrocytes in the areas of enchondral ossification, and the perivascular chondrocytes of the epiphyseal secondary ossification centres, showed similarly high concentrations of urokinase plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Moreover, the individual ossification stages of the different bones in embryo-fetal development could be demonstrated immunohistochemically. While humeri and femora showed diaphyseal immunoreactivities at an early stage, positive reactions in the phalanges were found only much later. Thus, the enzymes of the fibrinolytic system studied are clearly involved in the desmal and enchondral ossification process in the osseocartilaginous compartment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 17 (1996), S. 6-17 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Ewing-Sarkom ; Key words Ewing's sarcoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Ewing's sarcoma is a very rare tumor which has, however, attracted much oncological interest since the dramatic improvement of its prognosis under chemotherapy. Its histogenesis has been discussed controversially for a long time, including a possible origin in immature reticulum, myogenous, endothelial and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. Repeated reports have also suggested a possible neuroectodermal genesis. Convincing arguments, however, have only been brought forward during recent years, since it was found that Ewing's sarcoma and malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumor share a common chromosome translocation 11;22. In the meantime this hypothesis has been strengthened by numerous cell biological analyses. There seems to be no clear border between Ewing's sarcoma and malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumors with definite neural differentiation. Histological differential diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma has been improved by immunohistological methods. In most cases, they can be distinguished from lymphoma (leucocyte common antigen, B and T markers) and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (muscle specific actin, desmin) without problems. Apart from that, it is possible nowadays to obtain antibodies against the MIC 2-protein, which is preferably expressed in Ewing sarcoma. The diagnostics of Ewing's sarcoma and the malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumor have considerably been enriched by the fact that the specific chromosome translocation t(11;22) can be proved molecular biologically. In contrast to the cytogenetic evidence, it is not necessary to establish cell cultures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Ewing-Sarkom ist ein sehr seltener Tumor, der jedoch in den Blickpunkt des onkologischen Interesses gelangt ist, seit seine Prognose unter Chemotherapie sich dramatisch verbessert hat. Die Ansichten zu seiner Histogenese waren lange Zeit strittig. Es wurde eine Herkunft von unreifen Retikulumzellen, myogenen Zellen, Endothelzellen und undifferenzierten Mesenchymzellen diskutiert. Auch auf eine mögliche neuroektodermale Genese ist immer wieder hingewiesen worden. Überzeugende Argumente hierfür wurden jedoch erst in den letzten Jahren vorgelegt, nachdem sich herausgestellt hat, daß das Ewing-Sarkom und der maligne periphere neuroektodermale Tumor eine gemeinsame Chromosomentranslokation aufweisen t(11;22). Mittlerweile wurde diese Hypothese durch zahlreiche zellbiologische Untersuchungen erhärtet. Offensichtlich gibt es fließende Übergänge von den Ewing-Sarkomen zu malignen peripheren neuroektodermalen Tumoren mit eindeutiger neuraler Differenzierung. Die histologische Differentialdiagnostik des Ewing-Sarkoms wurde durch immunhistologische Methoden verbessert. Eine Abgrenzung gegen Lymphome (Leucocyte common antigen, B- und T-Marker) und embryonale Rhabdomyosarkome (Muskelspezifisches Aktin, Desmin) ist so meist problemlos möglich. Darüber hinaus stehen jetzt Antikörper gegen das MIC 2-Protein zur Verfügung, das vorzugsweise im Ewing-Sarkom exprimiert wird. Eine wesentliche Bereicherung hat die Diagnostik des Ewing-Sarkoms und des malignen peripheren neuroektodermalen Tumors dadurch erfahren, daß die spezifische Chromosomentranslokation t(11;22) auch molekularbiologisch nachweisbar ist. Im Gegensatz zum zytogenetischen Nachweis ist es hierfür nicht erforderlich, Zellkulturen anzulegen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key wordsMDM2 amplification ; Rb LOH ; p53 LOH ; p53 mutation ; Liposarcoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the status of alterations of the MDM2, Rb and p53 genes in a series of 45 liposarcomas. Furthermore, the possible correlation with histological and clinical parameters was studied. Methods: MDM2 amplification was examined by non-radioactive Southern blot hybridization with a human MDM2 cDNA probe. Mutations in the p53 gene were screened by polymerase chain reaction/single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing. To study loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the tumor-suppressor genes Rb and p53, we used four polymorphic intragenic Rb markers (introns 1, 17, 20, and 25) and two p53 markers (intron 1 and exon 4). Results: MDM2 amplification was found in 19 of 45 liposarcomas (42.2%). The frequency of LOH in Rb and p53 was nearly identical (22%). In 4 of 9 tumors (44.4%) with LOH, allelic loss was a concurrent event in both genes. Of 45 liposarcomas, 6 (13.3%) showed p53 mutations. Overall, alterations of the p53/MDM2/Rb pathway occurred in 30 of 45 liposarcomas (66.6%). In contrast to myxoid and pleomorphic variants, well-differentiated liposarcomas were characterized by a high frequency of MDM2 amplification, a lack of LOH of Rb and p53, and p53 mutations. Conclusions: Obviously MDM2 amplification and LOH at the Rb and p53 genes do not occur simultaneously in the oncogenesis of liposarcomas, as is the case for MDM2 amplification and p53 gene mutations (with one exception). We suggest that well-differentiated, myxoid and pleomorphic liposarcomas are characterized by a different pattern of molecular alterations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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