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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Plasminogen activator ; Plasminogen activator inhibitor ; Bone formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of urokinase plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human embryofetal bone formation between the 9th and the 20th week of gestation has been studied immunohistochemically. While mature osteocytes of the secondary spongiosa and resting chondrocytes of the bone epiphyses were negative for both antigens in each developmental stage, metabolically active parts of the osseocartilaginous system showed a strong immunoreactivity. Until the end of the 10th week of gestation urokinase plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 could not be demonstrated in the shaft of the preexisting cartilaginous models of bones, which correlates with the morphological developmental stage of the embryos. Later, osteoblasts and chondrocytes in the areas of enchondral ossification, and the perivascular chondrocytes of the epiphyseal secondary ossification centres, showed similarly high concentrations of urokinase plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Moreover, the individual ossification stages of the different bones in embryo-fetal development could be demonstrated immunohistochemically. While humeri and femora showed diaphyseal immunoreactivities at an early stage, positive reactions in the phalanges were found only much later. Thus, the enzymes of the fibrinolytic system studied are clearly involved in the desmal and enchondral ossification process in the osseocartilaginous compartment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Multidrug resistance ; P-glycoprotein Neuroblastoma ; Nephroblastoma ; Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the expression of MDR1/p-glycoprotein in paediatric tumours using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), RNA dot blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed paraffin-embedded material with JSB-1 and C-219 monoclonal antibodies, and compared these three techniques. The expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) gene was examined by RT-PCR assay. We studied MDR1/p-glycoprotein and MRP expression in 13 samples from 10 neuroblastoma patients, 11 samples from 10 nephroblastoma patients, 2 rhabdomyosarcomas, 1 adrenocortical carcinoma and 10 benign tumours or tumour-like lesions. Eleven of 13 neuroblastomas, 7 of 11 nephroblastomas, 2 rhabdomyosarcomas, 1 adrenocortical carcinoma, and 7 of 10 benign tumours or tumour-like lesions showed MDR1 PCR products. By RNA dot blot analysis, MDR1 transcripts were detectable in 11 of 34 specimens. Immunohistochemically, we detected positive reaction products for JSB-1 in 26 of 36 samples. There was a significant correlation between the immunoreactivity for JSB-1 and the expression of MDR1 mRNA expression by RTPCR (P=0.0001). However, the presence of p-glycoprotein immunostaining does not correlate with the MDR1 expression shown by RT-PCR in every case. As for MRP mRNA expression, 9 of 13 neuroblastomas and 10 of 11 nephroblastomas revealed PCR products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 254 (1993), S. 1628-1630 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir konnten durch unsere Untersuchungen mit Hilfe monoklonaler Antikörper in den fetalen Organen Thymus, Milz und Knochenmark zwischen 15. und 26. Schwangerschaftswoche Lymphozyten und deren Subpopulationen nachweisen. Die Zahl der Lymphozytensubpopulationen sowie die Relationen zueinander veränderten sich im Laufe der Schwangerschaft. Unser derzeitges Wissen über die frühe Ontogenese des Immunsystems muß allerdings noch sehr begrenzt eingeschätzt werden und erst weitere Untersuchungen können mehr Licht in fetale immunologische Vorgänge werfen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 17 (1996), S. 6-17 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Ewing-Sarkom ; Key words Ewing's sarcoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Ewing's sarcoma is a very rare tumor which has, however, attracted much oncological interest since the dramatic improvement of its prognosis under chemotherapy. Its histogenesis has been discussed controversially for a long time, including a possible origin in immature reticulum, myogenous, endothelial and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. Repeated reports have also suggested a possible neuroectodermal genesis. Convincing arguments, however, have only been brought forward during recent years, since it was found that Ewing's sarcoma and malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumor share a common chromosome translocation 11;22. In the meantime this hypothesis has been strengthened by numerous cell biological analyses. There seems to be no clear border between Ewing's sarcoma and malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumors with definite neural differentiation. Histological differential diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma has been improved by immunohistological methods. In most cases, they can be distinguished from lymphoma (leucocyte common antigen, B and T markers) and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (muscle specific actin, desmin) without problems. Apart from that, it is possible nowadays to obtain antibodies against the MIC 2-protein, which is preferably expressed in Ewing sarcoma. The diagnostics of Ewing's sarcoma and the malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumor have considerably been enriched by the fact that the specific chromosome translocation t(11;22) can be proved molecular biologically. In contrast to the cytogenetic evidence, it is not necessary to establish cell cultures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Ewing-Sarkom ist ein sehr seltener Tumor, der jedoch in den Blickpunkt des onkologischen Interesses gelangt ist, seit seine Prognose unter Chemotherapie sich dramatisch verbessert hat. Die Ansichten zu seiner Histogenese waren lange Zeit strittig. Es wurde eine Herkunft von unreifen Retikulumzellen, myogenen Zellen, Endothelzellen und undifferenzierten Mesenchymzellen diskutiert. Auch auf eine mögliche neuroektodermale Genese ist immer wieder hingewiesen worden. Überzeugende Argumente hierfür wurden jedoch erst in den letzten Jahren vorgelegt, nachdem sich herausgestellt hat, daß das Ewing-Sarkom und der maligne periphere neuroektodermale Tumor eine gemeinsame Chromosomentranslokation aufweisen t(11;22). Mittlerweile wurde diese Hypothese durch zahlreiche zellbiologische Untersuchungen erhärtet. Offensichtlich gibt es fließende Übergänge von den Ewing-Sarkomen zu malignen peripheren neuroektodermalen Tumoren mit eindeutiger neuraler Differenzierung. Die histologische Differentialdiagnostik des Ewing-Sarkoms wurde durch immunhistologische Methoden verbessert. Eine Abgrenzung gegen Lymphome (Leucocyte common antigen, B- und T-Marker) und embryonale Rhabdomyosarkome (Muskelspezifisches Aktin, Desmin) ist so meist problemlos möglich. Darüber hinaus stehen jetzt Antikörper gegen das MIC 2-Protein zur Verfügung, das vorzugsweise im Ewing-Sarkom exprimiert wird. Eine wesentliche Bereicherung hat die Diagnostik des Ewing-Sarkoms und des malignen peripheren neuroektodermalen Tumors dadurch erfahren, daß die spezifische Chromosomentranslokation t(11;22) auch molekularbiologisch nachweisbar ist. Im Gegensatz zum zytogenetischen Nachweis ist es hierfür nicht erforderlich, Zellkulturen anzulegen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 2 (1998), S. 5-10 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Orale Spalten ; Prävalenz ; Epidemiologie ; Fehlbildungserfassung ; Key words Oral clefts ; Prevalence ; Epidemiology ; Malformation registry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: There is a varying frequency of oral clefts between different ethnic groups and several European regions: however, global investigations on the incidence of oral clefts over longer periods in Germany do not exist, because there has been no continuous system of registering malformations. Such a registration system has been in existence in Magdeburg, with a population of about 1.5 million and a yearly birth rate of about 8000 children, since 1980. A very high rate of oral clefts was found in Magdeburg, mainly a cleft lip with or without a cleft palate, which is a prevalence of 18.5 per 10 000 births. Twenty-two percent of all children with oral clefts had additional malformations. At a rate of about 10%, heart defects were most frequently combined with oral clefts. A significant prevalence increase was recorded in 1988 and 1989. Exogenous influences are being considered as a joint cause for this increase because of the prevalence peaks of neural tube defects from 1987 to 1989.
    Notes: Häufigkeitsangaben zu oralen Spalten (OS) sind in den verschiedenen ethnischen Gruppierungen und auch in europäischen Regionen unterschiedlich. Flächendeckende Untersuchungen zum Auftreten von OS über längere Zeiträume liegen aus Deutschland nicht vor, da keine kontinuierliche Fehlbildungserfassung erfolgt. Das seit 1980 bestehende Magdeburger Erfassungssystem registriert Fehlbildungen in einer Population von ca. 1,5 Mio. Einwohnern und einer jählichen Geburtenrate von ca. 8,000 Kindern. Mit einer Prävalenz von 18,5/10,000 Geborenen bei allen OS wird im Vergleich zu Literaturangaben ein sehr hoher Wert gefunden, der hauptsächlich durch die Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalten bedingt ist. 22% der beobachteten Kinder mit OS hatten zusätzliche Fehlbildungen. Mit ca. 10% waren Herzfehler am häufigsten mit OS kombiniert. Signifikante Prävalenzanstiege der OS waren 1988 und 1989 zu verzeichnen. Da in der Zeit von 1987–1989 auch Prävalenzgipfel bei den neuralen Spaltbildungen auftraten, werden exogene Einflüsse als ursächlich mitverantwortlich für die Prävalenzanstiege diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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