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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review article: hepatitis C virus-associated steatosis – pathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Steatosis is a common feature of chronic hepatitis C, and may be caused directly by the virus, as in genotype 3 infection, or be associated with host metabolic factors. The interaction of hepatitis C virus core protein with the lipoprotein secretion pathways causes the characteristic alterations of lipid metabolism observed in hepatitis C virus-related steatosis. Several pathogenic mechanisms are likely involved into the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus-related steatosis, including hyper-homocysteinaemia, hypoadiponectinaemia and insulin resistance. Steatosis is a major determinant of the liver damage progression in chronic hepatitis C (CHC), and negatively affects the response rate to the interferon (IFN)-based anti-viral treatment. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that steatosis may contribute to liver carcinogenesis. Chronic hepatitis C is a recognized risk factor for type 2 diabetes and it could be implicated into the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The role of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related steatosis in these epidemiological associations remains to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02597.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical reactivation during lamivudine treatment correlates with mutations in the precore/core promoter and polymerase regions of hepatitis B virus in patients with anti-hepatitis B e-positive chronic hepatitis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Drug-resistant mutants may emerge in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving lamivudine therapy.Aim : To evaluate whether different viral mutational patterns may be associated with clinical reactivation during lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic B hepatitis.Methods : Eight anti-hepatitis B e-positive patients with (group A) and 14 patients without clinical exacerbation (five anti-hepatitis B e-positive, group B1; nine hepatitis B e antigen-positive, group B2) during lamivudine treatment were investigated.Results : ‘Polymerase region’: M204V/I variants were found in all group A patients, but in none of group B1 (P = 0.0007) and in four of nine of group B2 (44%; P = 0.02) patients. The L180M substitution was detected in four of eight (50%) of group A and in none of groups B1 and B2. ‘Core promoter’: the double basic core promoter (A1762T/G1764A) variant was detected in seven of eight (87%) of group A and in one of five (20%; P = 0.03) of group B1 and one of nine (11%; P = 0.002) of group B2 patients. ‘Precore’: the G1896A stop codon mutation was present in seven of eight (87%) of group A and in zero of five (P = 0.004) of group B1 and one of nine (11%; P = 0.002) of group B2.Conclusions : Different mutational patterns were observed in the lamivudine-treated patients with and without exacerbation. There was an association of the basic core promoter and stop codon mutations with lamivudine resistance in patients with disease exacerbation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02653.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 13 (1994), S. 148-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The prevalence of methicillin-resistant and multiply antibiotic-resistant staphylococci causing infections in hospitalized patients was studied over a two-year period. Among 122 clinically significant staphylococci, the prevalence of methicillin resistance was 66 %, with a higher prevalence ofStaphyloccus haemolyticus (85 %) andStaphylococcus epidermidis (83 %) observed than ofStaphylococcus aureus (49 %). Multiple antibiotic resistance was observed more frequently among coagulase-negative staphylococci (52 to 70 %) than amongStaphylococcus aureus (17 %). All strains of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus were susceptible to glycopeptide antibiotics and to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, whereas approximately 50 % of coagulase-negative staphylococci exhibited either moderate susceptibility or resistance to teicoplanin. For these latter strains, vancomycin remains the agent of choice, whereas teicoplanin cannot be recommended unless its efficacy is established by MIC determination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01982189
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Successful Treatment with Ampicillin and Fluoroquinolones of Human Endocarditis due to High-Level Gentamicin-Resistant Enterococci (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 17 (1998), S. 734-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Two cases of endocarditis, one caused by high-level gentamicin-resistant Enterococcus durans and the other by high-level gentamicin- and glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, successfully treated with a combination of ampicillin and a fluoroquinolone are reported. Both strains were susceptible to ampicillin. Enterococcus faecalis was susceptible to ciprofloxacin and to ofloxacin, but Enterococcus durans was moderately resistant to these agents. Microbiological and clinical cure was obtained with a 6-week course of ampicillin plus ciprofloxacin in one case and with ofloxacin in the second case due to intolerance to ciprofloxacin. The efficacy of the treatment was predicted in vitro by time-kill studies and by adequate serum bactericidal titres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100960050171
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-invasive assessment of electrophysiological effects of histamine infusion in mam (1985)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 17 (1985), S. 42-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The electrophysiological changes induced by sequential infusion of histamine (H) (0.4 and 1.0 mcg/kg/min for 10 min each) were investigated by conventional ECG and High Resolution ECG (H.R.ECG). The latter permits external non-invasive recording of the potentials generated in the cardiac conduction system. H was infused i.v. in 5 normal volunteers with a mean age of 30 years. H infusions were begun with 0.4 mcg/kg/min and continued for 10 min. After a 60 min recovery period a second 10 min infusion (1 mcg/kg/min) was administered. In man H produced a dose-dependent increase in heart rate, a significant depression of the ST-T complex, and a depression in STJ point. The QRS complex duration was unmodified. H.R.ECG showed significant changes in the morphology and voltage of the atrial activity. The electrophysiological effects disappeared within a few minutes after discontinuing the infusions of H.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01966679
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of endotoxemia and its relationship to liver dysfunction in patients with typhoid fever (1987)
    Springer
    Infection 15 (1987), S. 359-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Anwesenheit von Endotoxin im peripheren Blut und seine Beziehung zur Inzidenz und klinischen Manifestation der Leberdysfunktion wurde bei 21 Typhuspatienten untersucht. Der Limulus-Endotoxin-Test war an Plasmaproben bei allen Patienten vor der Behandlung positiv. Bei 90% der Patienten fand sich eine Leberfunktionsstörung, gemessen an den Gallensäurespiegeln nüchtern und postprandial und den biochemischen Standard-Tests. Bei sieben Patienten bestand ausschließlich eine cholestatische Störung (nur Anstieg der postprandialen Gallensäurespiegel); bei 12 Patienten bestand eine gemischte cholestatisch-hepatozelluläre Störung (Erhöhung der beiden Gallensäurewerte und der Aminotransferase-Spiegel). Nach der Genesung war bei allen Patienten der Limulus-Test negativ und die Leberfunktionsparameter hatten sich normalisiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß bei Typhuspatienten eine Endotoxinämie auftritt. Da Endotoxin die Gallensekretion beeinträchtigen kann, lassen unsere Ergebnisse darauf schließen, daß Endotoxin an der Pathogenese der Leberschädigung bei Typhus beteiligt ist.
    Notes: Summary Twenty-one patients with typhoid fever were studied to evaluate the presence of endotoxin in peripheral blood and its relationship to the incidence and features of hepatic dysfunction which may occur during this disease. The limulus test for endotoxin was positive in the plasma samples of all patients prior to treatment. Liver dysfunction, as assessed by fasting and postprandial serum bile acid levels and by standard biochemical tests, occurred in 90% of patients. In seven, the injury was purely cholestatic (elevation of postprandial serum bile acid levels, alone); in 12, it was of mixed cholestatic-hepatocellular type (elevation of both serum bile acids and aminotransferase levels). After recovering, the limulus test was negative and liver function tests returned to normal values in all patients. The results demonstrate that endotoxemia is present in patients with typhoid fever. In addition, since endotoxin can impair bile secretion, our results suggest that endotoxin may have a pathogenetic role in the development of liver injury during typhoid fever.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01647740
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