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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal mapping in the mouse of eight K^+-channel-genes representing the four Shaker-like subfamilies Shaker, Shab, Shaw, and Shal
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Genomics 18 (1993), S. 568-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0888-7543
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80358-1
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal mapping in the mouse of eight K^+-channel-genes representing the four Shaker-like subfamilies Shaker, Shab, Shaw, and Shal
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Genomics 18 (1993), S. 568-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0888-7543
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80358-1
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the formation process of luminescing centers in spark-processed silicon (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 5318-5324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Radiative and compositional properties of spark-processed silicon are studied by photoluminescence and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Spark processing of silicon is performed in different atmospheres composed of nitrogen and oxygen. As a result of the process, room-temperature radiative transitions occur at 2.35 eV and vary in intensity over five orders of magnitude depending on the N2/O2 ratio. After processing in pure nitrogen or pure oxygen, however, the green photoluminescence (PL) is wiped out and weak blue (2.7 eV) or orange (1.9 eV) PL bands, respectively, are discernable. The temperature-dependent features of the 2.35 eV emission are characterized by an intensity increase in conjunction with a red shift of the peak position at lowered temperatures. A cross-sectional study reveals that the green PL is mainly generated in a near-surface layer having a chemical composition close to SiO2 and a nitrogen concentration below 1 at. %. Nearly no PL was observed from a deeper SiO2 layer enriched by silicon clusters and with an increased density of nitrogen (up to 7 at. %). The findings do not support a quantum-dot-related PL mechanism in spark-processed silicon. It is proposed that nitrogen additions reduce the density of nonradiative centers introduced by silicon dangling bonds. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363470
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Position- and temperature-dependent optical properties of spark-processed silicon (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2542-2544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The structure of spark-processed silicon was examined in a comparative study of optical micrographs utilizing ultraviolet laser light and electron beams for excitation. Whereas the photoluminescence (PL) was found to be dominantly generated in granular structures near the surface, the cathodoluminescence (CL) mainly propagates from holes which were created during the preparation process. PL and CL spectra are not identical in their spectral distributions. Low temperature luminescence measurements for both excitation modes reveal a high degree of local disorder. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114452
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of task allocation for community health workers in Haiti
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 22 (1988), S. 3-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0038-0121
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0038-0121(88)90029-8
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of systemically applied allopurinol and prednisolone on experimental autoimmune uveitis (1999)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 237 (1999), S. 508-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract · Purpose: To compare the effects of allopurinol to those of prednisolone on the oxidative tissue damage and inflammatory response in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). · Methods: Experiments were performed using 27 male Lewis rats. EAU was induced by means of crude retina extract, Freund’s adjuvant and pertussis toxin. One group of animals served as controls and two groups were treated systemically, one with allopurinol and one with prednisolone. At the end of the experiments lipid peroxides (LPO), myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), and histological changes were determined in the retinal tissue. LPO were measured by two different methods [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and malondialdehyde-like substances]. · Results: Allopurinol led to a significant reduction in LPO and MPO levels. The steroid treatment also resulted in a significant reduction in MPO activity but LPO were significantly reduced only when measured as TBARS. Histological changes were significantly reduced by allopurinol only. · Discussion: Allopurinol is more effective than prednisolone in treating EAU. Its efficacy can be explained by the antioxidative/antiinflammatory and probably immunological action. The antiinflammatory effects of prednisolone are not sufficient to reduce the tissue damage. Allopurinol promises to be a useful alternative to steroids in the treatment of uveitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004170050270
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased lipid peroxide level and myeloperoxidase activity in the vitreous of patients suffering from proliferative vitreoretinopathy (1994)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 232 (1994), S. 652-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract • Background: Retinal pigment epithelium cells and activated phagocytes are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Both cell types are capable of producing oxygen free radicals and other molecules with a high oxidative potential which can lead to a propagation of oxidative damage. It was the aim of this study to investigate whether products of oxidative reactions are detectable in the vitreous body of patients suffering from PVR. • Methods: In vitreous aspirates of patients vitrectomized because of PVR (n = 27), macular pucker (n = 9), or other reasons (controls, n = 31), the following parameters were determined: lipid peroxides (LPO), determined as malondialdehyde-like substances (MDA) and as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO). • Results: Compared with the controls, both LPO levels and MPO activities were significantly elevated in the vitreous of patients suffering from PVR. Vitreous of patients with macular pucker did not reveal any significant differences from controls in the parameters analyzed. • Conclusion: Our results suggest that both oxygen free radicals and inflammation-related reactions participate in the process of PVR. Oxidative tissue damage is obviously not involved in the pathogenesis of macular pucker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171379
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of oxygen free radicals and free radical scavengers on the growth behaviour and oxidative tissue damage of bovine retinal pigment epithelium cells in vitro (1996)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 234 (1996), S. 58-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract • Purpose: This investigation was carried out to ascertain whether oxygen free radicals can influence the growth behaviour and consecutive lipid peroxidation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in vitro and whether scavengers can counteract these effects. • Methods: The experimental model was based on calf RPE cells. Hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HX/XO) and superoxide dismutase/catalase (SOD/CAT) served as the radical generating system and scavengers, respectively. The components were tested alone and in combination. Lipid peroxides were determined in culture supernatants by a thiobarbituric acid assay. • Results: Concentrations of up to 100 μmol/1 of HX alone and 500/1000 μU of XO alone, as well as the application of the scavengers without the radical generating system (HX/XO), had no effect. Doserelated reduction of cell growth and increase of lipid peroxidation were found with HX/XO treatment (single dose of 500 and 1000 μU/ml 24 h after seeding). After application of 500 or 1000 μU/ml of XO, CAT, when given alone (1200 U/ ml), counteracted the effect of the radicals on cell growth and lipid peroxidation; SOD (300 U/ml) had no effect. A combination of SOD and CAT was no better than the effect of CAT alone. • Conclusion: The prevention of radical-induced reduction of cell growth and lipid peroxidation by scavengers supports trials of therapy using antioxidants and/or free radical scavengers for various ocular syndromes with RPE involvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186520
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased lipid peroxide levels and myeloperoxidase activity in the vitreous of patients suffering from proliferative diabetic retinopathy (1993)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 231 (1993), S. 647-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in vitreous of patients vitrectomized because of proliferative diabetic retinopathy were compared with LPO levels and MPO activity in vitreous of patients with no vitreoretinal proliferation. Both LPO levels and MPO activity were significantly elevated in the vitreous of patients with fibrovascular vitreoretinal proliferations secondary to diabetes. The TBA method produced higher values for LPO levels than did the HPLC method. The correlation between the two methods was 0.94. Our results suggest that both oxygen-free radicals and inflammation-related reactions can participate in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00921959
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of different perfluorochemicals on dorsal root ganglion cells in vitro (1998)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 236 (1998), S. 182-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  • Background: Investigation of the effects of different perfluorochemicals (PFC) on cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. • Method: DRG cell cultures from 9- to 11-day-old chicken embryos were exposed to emulsified perfluorodecalin (PFD; C10F18; 0.5%, 1% and 10%) or perfluorooctylbromide (PFO; C8F17Br; 0.5%, 1% and 10%). The cells were evaluated under phase-contrast optics after 30 h and 120 h for 0.5 and 1% and after 5 h for 10%. To study the integrity of neuronal cells, immunohistochemical labelling for neurofilaments (NF) and tubulin (TUB) was performed. • Results: Concentrations of 0.5% and 1% of PFD or PFO did not change immunohistochemical labelling of DRG cells. Co-cultured macrophages showed a foam cell response, presumably representing ingested PFC. At both concentrations PFD induced a weaker foam cell response than PFO. A concentration of 10% led to the death of DRG cells and macrophages within 5 h. • Conclusion: PFC caused a dose-dependent damage of neuronal cells. Co-cultured macrophages developed a foam cell response similar to that observed in vivo after prolonged presence of PFC in the vitreous body. These observations indicate that PFD and PFO may not be suitable for long-term vitreous replacement in vitreoretinal surgery. However, the model is limited by several factors: (1) there are physiological differences between DRG cells and retinal ganglion cells; (2) in vivo retinal ganglion cells are protected by the overlying tissues; (3) the PFC used in tissue culture must be emulsified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004170050061
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