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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 3′ ends of two genes in the Balbiani ring c locus ofChironomus thummi (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 24 (1986), S. 72-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Balbiani ring ; Chironomus ; DNA sequence comparison ; Gene conversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The 3′-end sequences of two nonallelic genes derived from the Balbiani ring c (BRc) locus ofChironomus thummi are described. Only one of the genes appears to be transcribed abundantly in normal late larval salivary glands. The two sequences are highly similar, even in the 3′ untranslated regions, but sharply diverge beyond the polyadenylation site. Together with evidence from the 3′ ends of BR1 and BR2 genes ofC. pallidivittatus andC. tentans, independently characterized by others, this result suggests the existence of a sequence-homogenization mechanism that operates across the 3′ ends of all BR genes characterized to date. The 3′-terminal coding region of each BRc gene is divided into two portions by a short intron. The upstream portion is homologous to and continuous with the tandem repeats that make up the internal core of each BR gene; however, that portion is variant in sequence relative to the core, and apparently is not subject to the homogenization process that operates on the core repeats. The portion downstream of the intron encodes a unique, 111-residue polypeptide highly different from the rest of the BRc product. The evolution of the various segments of the BRc genes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02099953
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Balbiani ring DNA: Sequence comparisons and evolutionary history of a family of hierarchically repetitive protein-coding genes (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 20 (1984), S. 281-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Balbiani ring ; Repeat ; Evolution ; Repetitive DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary All known types of Balbiani ring (BR) gene consist of multiple, tandemly arranged, ca. 180 to 300-bp repeat units that can be divided into a constant region and a subrepeat region. The latter region includes short tandem subrepeats (SRs). Comparison of all available BR sequences using computer methods has enabled us (a) to define more precisely the constant and subrepeat regions, (b) to infer the evolutionary relationships among the various types of BR repeats, (c) to derive a consensus approximation of an ancestral sequence from a small segment of which the highly diverse present-day SRs may have originated, and (d) to detect an underlying substructure in the constant region, evident in the consensus but not in the present-day sequences and possibly corresponding to an original 39-bp DNA segment from which the extant, giant BR sequences may have evolved. We discuss the processes of reduplication, diversification, and homogenization within the hierarchically repetitive BR sequences as examples of how a simple DNA element may evolve into a diverse family of large, protein-coding genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02104734
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and proof-of-function of a [14C]-labelled form of the plant iron chelator nicotianamine using recombinant nicotianamine synthase from barley (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 118 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The amino acid nicotianamine (NA) is essential for micronutrient metabolism in plants. Lack of NA results in a chlorotic phenotype and oxidative stress, since NA is a chelator of iron and other metal nutrients. To investigate the precise cellular function of NA in micronutrient transport and homeostasis, a protocol for the production of [14C]-labelled NA was developed. Recombinant NA synthase was used to generate [14C]-NA from [14C]-S-adenosylmethionine. After purification by solid-phase ion exchange about 66% yield was achieved. The identity of the [14C]-NA with chemically synthesized NA was demonstrated by several independent methods, including two TLC systems, two HPLC systems and immuno-detection. Moreover, biological function was shown by complementation of the Lycopersicon esculentum mutant chloronerva that is free of NA due to a defect in NA synthase. Proof-of-function for the produced [14C]-NA as a suitable tool for transport studies was provided monitoring the distribution of [14C]-NA after feeding to tomato and Ricinus communis seedlings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.00128.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal localization of ribosomal 5 S RNA genes in Chironomus thummi by in situ hybridization of iodinated 5S RNA (1976)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 57 (1976), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 5 S RNA of Chironomus thummi larvae was purified from total phenol extracted RNA by gel filtration and labelled to about 107 dpm/μg with carrier-free iodine-125. After hybridization in situ of 125I-5S RNA and autoradiography only region B3c-e (containing two “normal” and two very faint bands) of chromosome II of salivary gland cells was highly labelled. In chromosomes of an animal showing pairing discontinuities a clearly “heterozygous” labelling of the 5 S RNA region was found. Region B3c-e shows no clearcut morphological signs of puffing or autoradiographically detectable 3H-uridine incorporation in spite of a continuous synthesis of 5 S RNA in salivary gland cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292918
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient expression of a lysine-rich vicilin gene ofVicia faba in barley endosperm detected by immunological tissue printing after particle bombardment (1995)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 15 (1995), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using immunological tissue printing we detected transient expression of a faba bean vicilin gene with or without introns driven by the B1 hordein promoter in barley endosperm after particle bombardment. The described method generally allows the analysis of transient expression of genes without depending on reporter gene constructs and specifically suggests correct splicing of dicot introns by a monocot splicing machinery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01690268
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A sucrose-synthase gene of Vicia faba L.: Expression pattern in developing seeds in relation to starch synthesis and metabolic regulation (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 191 (1993), S. 394-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: cDNA clone (sucrose synthase) ; Gene expression (sucrose synthase, seed development) ; Nucleotide sequence (sucrose synthase) ; Seed development ; Sucrose synthase (cloning, expression, regulation) ; Vicia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Copy-DNA clones encoding a single class of sucrose-synthase (SUCS; EC 2.4.1.13) subunit have been isolated and sequenced from a Vicia faba L. seed cotyledonary library. Southern analyses indicated the existence of only one gene. Transcript levels determined by Northern blot hybridisation steadily increased until the middle of development [25–35 days after flowering (DAF)] and declined thereafter. Sucrose levels approximately paralleled levels of SUCS mRNA. The activity of SUCS increased with decreasing fructose and glucose concentrations and peaked about 10 d later than mRNA levels. In-vitro culture experiments demonstrated that increasing the sucrose concentration leads to increased levels of SUCS mRNA. The SUCS mRNA was also synthesised in seed-coat tissue, but in lower amounts than in cotyledons and with a different developmental profile. The early peak level of SUCS mRNA (20 DAF) in seed coats coincided with the peak in the amount of sucrose and with a peak of transiently synthesised starch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195698
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression in Escherichia coli of a cloned β-glucanase gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (1985)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 22 (1985), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The recombinant phage λG1 has been identified by screening 700 plaques of a Charon 4A library, containing DNA of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, for phage clones directing the hydrolysis of lichenan in Escherichia coli, as indicated by haloes surrounding plaques on lichenan agar. The gene coding for an endo-β-1.3–1.4-glucanase was recloned within a 3.6 kb EcoRI fragment into the EcoRI site of plasmid pBR322, in both orientations. The location and extent of the bgl gene on the 3.6 kb Bacillus DNA insert was estimated by insertion mutagenesis with transposon Tn5 and restriction mapping of Tn5 insertions within or near to the bgl gene. The β-glucanase synthesized by E. coli harbouring plasmids pEG1 or pEG2 was shown to accumulate mainly in the periplasmic space but β-glucanase activities were also detected extracellulary and in the cytoplasm. The molecular weight of the enzyme synthesized in E. coli harbouring pEG1 was estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be about 24000. It was shown that the level of bgl gene expression in E. coli varies about 10-fold, depending on the orientation of the 3.6 kb DNA-fragment cloned within the EcoRI site of pBR322. After insertion of HindIII-DNA fragments from phage into the HindIII site of the β-glucanase-high-expression plasmid pEG1, we obtained clones also showing an approximately 10-fold reduction in β-glucanase activites. It was thus concluded that on plasmid pEG1 the leftward acting Apr (PI) promotor of plasmid pBR322 strongly increases the expression in E. coli of the cloned B. amyloliquefaciens bgl gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252158
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A complex ensemble of cis-regulatory elements controls the expression of a Vicia faba non-storage seed protein gene (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 22 (1993), S. 669-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cis-regulatory elements ; Vicia faba ; seed protein gene ; promoter deletions ; seed-specific expression ; transgenic tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have identified cis-regulatory elements within the 5′-upstream region of a Vicia faba non-storage seed protein gene, called usp, by studying the expression of usp-promoter deletion fragments fused to reporter genes in transgenic tobacco seeds. 0.4 kb of usp upstream sequence contain at least six, but probably more, distinct cis-regulatory elements which are responsible for seemingly all quantitative, spatial and temporal aspects of expression. Expression-increasing and-decreasing elements are interspersed and include an AT-rich sequence, a G-box element and a CATGCATG motif. The latter acts as a negative element in contrast to what has been found for the same motif in legumin-and vicilin-type seed storage protein gene promoters. Seed specificity of expression is mainly determined by the −68/+51 region which confers, however, only very low levels of expression. The data support the combinatiorial model of promoter function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00047407
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure, expression and chromosomal localisation of the metallothionein-like gene family of tomato (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 37 (1998), S. 701-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: gene family ; gene regulation ; heavy metals ; metallothionein ; oxidative stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Metallothioneins are small cysteine-rich proteins with strong binding capacity for heavy metals. In animals and fungi they are involved in cellular detoxification processes. Although genes for similar proteins exist in plants, less is known about the putative functions of their protein products. Here, we describe the characterisation of cDNAs specific for four genes (LEMT1, LEMT2, LEMT3 and LEMT4) encoding metallothionein-like proteins from tomato. Based on the characteristic cysteine pattern, the LEMT1, LEMT3 and LEMT4 gene products represent type 2 proteins. In contrast, the LEMT2 protein might establish a new structural pattern of metallothionein-like proteins not described before. Mapping experiments demonstrate that all four genes are localised at different genetic loci within the tomato genome. The members of the small gene family show a differential organ specific expression pattern. Expression of these genes is also influenced by heavy metals and by treatment with the thiol-oxidising drug diamide. We further describe the expression of the LEMT genes under different iron supply conditions both in tomato wild type as well as in the mutant chloronerva, which is defective in metal uptake regulation and exhibits a characteristic ‘apparent iron deficiency syndrome’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006001701919
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue-specific expression of an oat 12S seed glubulin gene in developing tobacco seeds: differential mRNA and protein accumulation (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 26 (1994), S. 203-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: embryo development ; gene regulation ; storage proteins ; post-transcriptional regulation ; 12S globulin ; Avena sativa L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We studied the expression of the oat globulin gene asglo5 in developing transgenic tobacco seeds. The asglo5 gene promoter directed transcription in the endosperm as well as in the provascular tissue, the presumptive root tip and the shoot apical meristem of the embryo as revealed by GUS reporter gene constructs and in situ hybridization. However, immunological tissue printing detected the oat protein exclusively in the tobacco endosperm, suggesting that extensive post-transcriptional regulatory processes influence the expression of the monocot transgene in the dicot host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039532
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