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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Galactosamine hepatitis ; hyperinsulinaemia ; insulin resistance ; liver plasma membranes ; insulin binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six to 12 h after IP injection of 400 mg/kg of D-galactosamine in rats a 5-fold increase in plasma insulin was observed. In addition, impaired glucose assimilation was present after an IV load in spite of unchanged fasting glucose levels. In streptozotocin-diabetic rats (100 mg/kg IV) plasma insulin remained diminished 12 h after induction of D-galactosamine hepatitis. Under identical conditions of preparation and incubation, the liver plasma membranes of D-galactosamine-treated rats, in both normal and diabetic states, bound only 40–60% as much insulin per mg of membrane protein as those of the control rats. Scatchard analysis suggested that this was due to a decrease in the number of receptor sites in the membranes of the D-galactosamine-injected rats. No difference in the insulin degrading capacity and in insulin-receptor dissociation of the plasma membranes between control and D-galactosaminetreated groups was found. These data suggest that a reduction in the number of hepatic insulin receptors in galactosamine hepatitis can lead to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Glucose tolerance ; Bradykinin ; Diabetes ; Surgery ; Bradykinin ; Glukosetoleranz ; Diabetes mellitus ; postoperativer Stoffwechsel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 13 stoffwechselgesunden Patienten wurden nach mittleren Oberbaucheingriffen sowohl am 1. als auch am 2. postoperativen Tag intravenöse Glukosetoleranztests vorgenommen. Bei 6 Patienten wurde die Belastung am 1. Tag (Gruppe A), bei 7 Patienten am 2. Tag (Gruppe B) unter gleichzeitiger intravenöser Infusion von Bradykinin (BK) (80 µg/h) durchgeführt. Intravenöse Glukosetoleranztests wurden ebenfalls bei 6 Patienten mit subklinischem Diabetes mellitus zunächst ohne, dann 8 Tage später mit BK-Infusion vorgenommen. In 2 Kollektiven von 9 manifesten Diabetikern vom Erwachsenentyp und von 5 stoffwechselgesunden Probanden wurde der Einfluß einer BK-Infusion über 100 min auf den Nüchternblutzucker untersucht; als Vergleichsgruppe dienten 9 weitere Diabetiker, die lediglich Kochsalz infundiert erhielten. Unter BK konnte eine Verbesserung der pathologischen Toleranztests sowohl bei den operierten Patienten (k-Werte: A ohne BK 1,03±0,12, mit BK 1,31±0,07; B ohne BK 0,85±0,18, mit BK 1,25±0,21) als auch bei den subklinischen Diabetikern (ohne BK 0,81±0,03, mit BK 1,08±0,04) erreicht werden. Bei den stoffwechselgesunden Probanden erbrachte die Infusion von BK keine Veränderungen des Nüchternblutzuckers, während dieser bei den manifesten Diabetikern unter BK über 100 min um 12,2±1,4% abnahm. Im Kontrollversuch ergab sich bei den Diabetikern unter Kochsalzinfusion kein Spontanabfall des Blutzuckers. Diese Resultate bestätigen die Auffassung, daß den Kininen eine wichtige Rolle in der Regulation des Kohlenhydratstoffwechsels zukommt.
    Notes: Summary Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed in 13 metabolically healthy patients at the first and second day after abdominal surgery. GTT were carried out during an additional infusion of bradykinin (BK) (80 µg/h) in six of these patients at the first day (group A) and in seven patients at the second day (group B). Furthermore, GTT were performed in six patients with chemical diabetes with and without BK-infusion. In addition, the effect of BK on blood glucose concentration in the postabsorptive state was investigated in nine maturity onset diabetics and in five healthy volunteers. As a control, another nine diabetics received physiological saline. In both groups of surgical patients BK improved glucose tolerance (k-values: group A without BK 1.03±0.12, with BK 1.31±0.07; group B without BK 0.85±0.18, with BK 1.25±0.21). This was also true in chemical diabetics (without BK 0.81±0.03, with BK 1.08±0.04). While BK did not change blood glucose concentration in healthy volunteers, it reduced that of diabetics by 12.2±1.4% continuously during 100 min. No spontaneous drop of blood glucose was observed in diabetics receiving saline. These results are in good accord with the present view that kinins may play a role within the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 145 (1968), S. 346-352 
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Miniature swine ; Acetate metabolism ; Blood acetate ; Atherosclerosis ; Miniaturschwein ; Acetatstoffwechsel ; Blutacetat ; Arteriosklerose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei einer Gruppe von 16 Miniaturschweinen, die unter Standardbedingungen gehalten wurde, wurde der Acetatspiegel im Blutplasma über einen Zeitraum von 8 Monaten verfolgt. 2. Der mittlere Plasmaacetatspiegel betrug 195 nMol/ml Plasma, d. i. etwa doppelt so hoch wie beim Menschen. Verfütterung einer fettreichen Diät hatte keinen Einfluß auf den Plasmaacetatspiegel. Ebenso ergaben sich keine Unterschiede bei Tieren, die im Stall gehalten wurden, oder die freien Auslauf hatten. 3. Die Enzyme Acetat-Thiokinase und Acetyl-CoA-Deacylase wurden in allen der untersuchten Gewebe angetroffen. Ihre Aktivität war derjenigen von Rattengeweben vergleichbar. 4. Partikelfreie Extrakte aus Miniaturschweineaorten vermögen Acetat mit etwa gleich großer Geschwindigkeit in langkettige Fettsäuren einzubauen wie Extrakte aus Rattenaorten. Die Bedeutung dieser Befunde für die Entwicklung degenerativer Gefäßwandveränderungen wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary 1. The blood acetate level has been followed over the course of 8 months in a group of 16 miniature swine kept under standard conditions. 2. The mean acetate level was 195 nmoles/ml plasma, about double that found in man. A high-fat diet did not affect this value and animals kept in stalls, or in the open gave identical results. 3. Acetate thiokinase and acetyl CoA deacylase were present in all tissues tested; the activities were similar to those of the rat. 4. A particle free extract of aorta was capable of incorporating acetate into long chain fatty acid at a rate similar to that found in the rat aorta. The significance of these findings for the development of atherosclerosis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Cerebral death ; Cerebral perfusion ; Brain scintigraphy ; Technetium-99m ; Hexamethyl propylenamino oxime
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A total of 24 patients with clinical evidence of brain death (n=17), severe coma (n=2; GCS≈3) and apallic syndrome (n=4) underwent a comparative investigation with99mTc-HMPAO brain scintigraphy, EEG, auditory and somatosensory evoded potentials. Accompagnied by EEG and evoked potentials, brain scintigraphy enabled confirmation of cerebral death in 15/17 patients. In one case clinical examination and evoked potentials suggest brain death, but cerebral perfusion and EEG were normal (“brain stem death”). One patient with evidence of cerebral death in clinical examination, brain scintigraphy and evoked potentials, showed questionable focal EEG activity; however, autopsy revealed intravital autolysis of the entire brain. All patients with apallic syndrome and deep coma showed a distinct cerebral perfusion, but gross EEG abnormalities; evoked potentials were delayed or absent. Planar scintigraphy with99mTc-HMPAO appears to be superior to neurophysiological techniques discriminating patients with agonal cerebral dysfunction from those with brain death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 45 (1958), S. 316-316 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 158 (1941), S. 79-94 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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