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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 15-18 (Jan. 1987), p. 437-442 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Glucose tolerance ; Bradykinin ; Diabetes ; Surgery ; Bradykinin ; Glukosetoleranz ; Diabetes mellitus ; postoperativer Stoffwechsel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 13 stoffwechselgesunden Patienten wurden nach mittleren Oberbaucheingriffen sowohl am 1. als auch am 2. postoperativen Tag intravenöse Glukosetoleranztests vorgenommen. Bei 6 Patienten wurde die Belastung am 1. Tag (Gruppe A), bei 7 Patienten am 2. Tag (Gruppe B) unter gleichzeitiger intravenöser Infusion von Bradykinin (BK) (80 µg/h) durchgeführt. Intravenöse Glukosetoleranztests wurden ebenfalls bei 6 Patienten mit subklinischem Diabetes mellitus zunächst ohne, dann 8 Tage später mit BK-Infusion vorgenommen. In 2 Kollektiven von 9 manifesten Diabetikern vom Erwachsenentyp und von 5 stoffwechselgesunden Probanden wurde der Einfluß einer BK-Infusion über 100 min auf den Nüchternblutzucker untersucht; als Vergleichsgruppe dienten 9 weitere Diabetiker, die lediglich Kochsalz infundiert erhielten. Unter BK konnte eine Verbesserung der pathologischen Toleranztests sowohl bei den operierten Patienten (k-Werte: A ohne BK 1,03±0,12, mit BK 1,31±0,07; B ohne BK 0,85±0,18, mit BK 1,25±0,21) als auch bei den subklinischen Diabetikern (ohne BK 0,81±0,03, mit BK 1,08±0,04) erreicht werden. Bei den stoffwechselgesunden Probanden erbrachte die Infusion von BK keine Veränderungen des Nüchternblutzuckers, während dieser bei den manifesten Diabetikern unter BK über 100 min um 12,2±1,4% abnahm. Im Kontrollversuch ergab sich bei den Diabetikern unter Kochsalzinfusion kein Spontanabfall des Blutzuckers. Diese Resultate bestätigen die Auffassung, daß den Kininen eine wichtige Rolle in der Regulation des Kohlenhydratstoffwechsels zukommt.
    Notes: Summary Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed in 13 metabolically healthy patients at the first and second day after abdominal surgery. GTT were carried out during an additional infusion of bradykinin (BK) (80 µg/h) in six of these patients at the first day (group A) and in seven patients at the second day (group B). Furthermore, GTT were performed in six patients with chemical diabetes with and without BK-infusion. In addition, the effect of BK on blood glucose concentration in the postabsorptive state was investigated in nine maturity onset diabetics and in five healthy volunteers. As a control, another nine diabetics received physiological saline. In both groups of surgical patients BK improved glucose tolerance (k-values: group A without BK 1.03±0.12, with BK 1.31±0.07; group B without BK 0.85±0.18, with BK 1.25±0.21). This was also true in chemical diabetics (without BK 0.81±0.03, with BK 1.08±0.04). While BK did not change blood glucose concentration in healthy volunteers, it reduced that of diabetics by 12.2±1.4% continuously during 100 min. No spontaneous drop of blood glucose was observed in diabetics receiving saline. These results are in good accord with the present view that kinins may play a role within the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 187 (1960), S. 419-419 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We agree2 that for mechanical similarity the power requirement is a function of (weight)1*167. Moreover, for flying insects and birds3 we obtained from Putter's data a different exponent for this statistical relationship, namely (weight)0*667. It is interesting to note that according to the theory ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2253-2255 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on a photorefractive polymer with a 4-ms-response time in transient four-wave mixing experiments at 0.5 W/cm2 writing irradiance, 95 V/μm applied electric field, and a grating period of 3.1 μm. Complementary transient ellipsometry, however, reveals orientational birefringence response which leads the four-wave mixing response all the way to its saturation, despite complex dynamics in these processes. Orientation does not limit the dynamic formation of photorefractive gratings in this polymer, which suggests that even faster photorefractive responses are possible for polymer composites with improved charge generation and transport properties. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1483-1485 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report here on an experiment in which picosecond electron pulses, produced by a compact radiation frequency (rf) electron gun, were used to excite a rectangular waveguide, generating 5 ps pulses of radiation with a bandwidth of ∼200 GHz. The interaction of the electron pulses with the waveguide can be modeled quite simply by performing a harmonic expansion of the pulse train produced by the electron gun and employing Poynting's theorem to compute the power coupled into the modes of the waveguide by each harmonic. The resulting model for the distribution of spectral power yields good agreement with the observed spectrum. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 3810-3812 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new continuously tunable submillimeter source for spectroscopy and other high-resolution applications has been developed. In this source the optical spectrum of a mode-locked femtosecond laser is downconverted into the submillimeter region by the demodulation process of a photoconductive switch. The power generated is subsequently radiated into free space by an antenna which is integrated along with the switch on low-temperature grown GaAs. The very high resolution is ultimately traceable to the cavity length of the laser and the stable mode-lock frequency which results. Among the most important attributes of the sources are straightforward absolute frequency calibration, very high spectral purity, and the potential for spectral multiplexing. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 87 (1990), S. 160-165 
    ISSN: 0022-2364
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 172 (1980), S. 93-96 
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 28 (1966), S. 91-102 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In previous papers (1955–1957) a theory of biological similarity was established, assuming that the limits are the mechanical and the electrodynamical similarity criteria. The range of this theory lies between the coefficient of the time exponent (γ) for mechanical (0.5γ) and electrodynamical (1.0γ) similarities, being the mode 0.93γ. Moreover, for certain functions this restricted theoretical range should be extended to the hydrodynamical similarity criterion (2γ), so that the dimensionless numbers commonly used in Physics (Reynolds, Froude, Weber, etc.) can be included within the total range (0.5–2γ) of biological similarities. From dimensional analysis of physiological, functions it was possible to obtain, by means of dimensional and solution matrices, a group of “nondimensional numbers” by applying Buckingham's Pi-theorem. Nevertheless, only if a single similarity criterion was applied, the residual weight exponent was exactly zero; in all other instances the weight exponent was not zero, due to the existence of a range for biological similarities and to the statistical meaning of exponent (b) of the allometric equations. From the similarity criteria “invariant numbers” can be obtained, by means of which it is possible to establish correlations between numerous morphological and physiological characteristics of a particular system (circulation, respiration, metabolism, etc.).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 12 (1988), S. 374-380 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le point sur la chirurgie du cancer de l'estomac en Europe a été établi à partir des résultats d'un questionnaire unique. Les données sont parvenues de 62 centres différents, 60% d'entre eux étant situés en Allemagne et 40% hors d'Allemagne. Elles concernent 16,954 malades. Un premier point émerge de cette étude: la faible fréquence de cancer précoce (8.8%). L'opération de choix fut la gastrectomie totale. C'est seulement en cas de cancer de l'antre de type intestinal (selon Laurén) que la gastrectomie subtotale fut préférée par la majorité des auteurs. L'examen histologique des ganglions fut pratiqué dans 84% de ces centres et c'est seulement dans 27% des cas que la dissection complète fut réalisée. Dans la majorité des cas la reconstitution du tractus digestif après gastrectomie totale fut réalisée à l'aide d'une oesophago-jéjunostomie avec une anse jéjunale montée en Y à la Roux et c'est seulement dans 16% des cas qu'une poche de type variable fut constituée. L'opération fut complétée parfois par une splénectomie en fonction du siège de la tumeur. Le taux médian de la mortalité hospitalière fut égal à 0 en cas de cancer précoce et pour les autres stades de 6.7% pour l'antre, de 9.6% pour le corps, et de 11.7% pour la jonction gastro-oesophagienne. Le taux médian de survie à 5 ans fut de 82.5% pour le cancer précoce; pour le cancer avancé il fut de 30.7%; de 24% pour le corps et de 15.5% pour la jonction gastro-oesophagienne. La survie à 10 ans fut de 6–10%. On peut conclure de ces faits qu'en Europe les résultats observés sont en relation avec la découverte et le traitement tardifs. Ils ne pourront être améliorés que par la découverte du cancer à un stade précoce et par la dissection radicale emportant les ganglions. Il est nécessaire de procéder sans retard à des études randomisées reposant sur une documentation standard et des statistiques irréfutables pour atteindre ce but.
    Abstract: Resumen Se présenta un “estado del arte” europeo sobre el tratamiento del cáncer gâstrico, basado en los resultados de un cuestionario con preguntas específicas sobre indicaciones para la operación, detalles del acto operatorio, incluyendo “estadificación,” tipo de disección ganglionar, tipo de reconstrucción, el uso de suturadores automáticos, y esplenectomía. Se obtuvieron datos de 62 centros, 40% de los cuales son alemanes y 60% del extranjero, que informaron sobre un total de 16,594 pacientes. Una característica prominente fue la baja proporción del cáncer temprano (8.8%). La operación de preferencia fue la gastrectorrua total. Sólo en casos de carcinoma del antro del tipo intestinal (según Laurén) la mayoría de los cirujanos realizan gastrectomía subtotal. La “estadificación” de los ganglios linfáticos fue realizada en 84% de estos centros. Sin embargo, la disección radical fue realizada sólo en 27%. El tipo preferido de reconstrucción después de gastrectomía total fue la esofagoyeyunostomía de Roux-en-Y; el 16% de los centros europeos informó el uso de algún tipo de bolsa o reservorio adicional. Se realizó esplenectomía según la ubicación del tumor. La mortalidad hospitalaria para el cáncer temprano fue 0; para carcinoma del antro, 6.7%; del cuerpo, 9.6%; y de la unión gastroesofágica, 11.7%. La tasa de supervivencia a 5 años en pacientes con cancer temprano fue 82.5%; en pacientes con cancer avanzado del antro, 30.7%; del cuerpo, 24%; y de la unión gastroesofágica, 15.5%. La supervivencia a 10 años fue 6–10% menor. Se llega a la conclusión de que en Europa existe una elevada incidencia de cáncer gástrico avanzado que afecta los resultados. Mejores resultados pueden esperarse con una tasa mayor de cancer temprano y posiblemente con disección ganglionar. Es urgente la necesidad de estudios prospectivos y aleatorizados que se realicen mediante documentación y estadísticas estandarizadas.
    Notes: Abstract A European state of the art in the treatment of gastric cancer is presented from the results of a questionnaire. Data were obtained from 62 centers, 60% of which were from abroad and 40% of which were from Germany, reporting a total of 16,594 patients. A feature was a low portion (8.8%) of early cancer. The operation preferred was total gastrectomy. Only in the case of antral carcinoma of the intestinal type, according to Laurén, would the majority perform subtotal gastrectomy. Staging of lymph nodes was performed by 84% of these centers; however, systematic radical dissection was carried out only by 27%. The preferred type of reconstruction after total gastrectomy was Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy; 16% of the European centers used some type of pouch in addition. Splenectomy was carried out depending on location of the tumor. The median in-hospital mortality for early cancer was 0; for carcinoma of the antrum, 6.7%; corpus, 9.6%; and gastroesophageal junction, 11.7%. The median 5-year survival rate in patients with early cancer was 82.5%; for advanced cancer of the antrum, 30.7%; corpus, 24%; and gastroesophageal junction, 15.5%. Ten-year survival was 6–10% less. It is concluded that in Europe there is a high rate of advanced gastric cancer affecting the results. Improved results may be expected if gastric cancer can be detected earlier and if there is radical lymph node dissection. Generally, prospective randomized studies presented by standardized documentation and statistics are urgently needed.
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