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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 13 (1991), S. 435-453 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Integrated electronics ; VLSI ; Plasma interactions ; Plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary To investigate the ion flux escaping from the plasma and the impurity flux released by the wall, collector probes made of graphite, silicon and titanium have been exposed to the deuterium plasma confined in the toroidal device ETA BETA II. The damages on the collector surfaces have been surveyed by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) apparatus. The deuterium and impurity retention have been measured by elastic recoil detection (ERD) and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) techniques respectively. The implantation build-up has been investigated as a function of the exposure time. The deuterium dose in graphite saturates after a few discharges, whereas the metal impurities exhibit a linear increase in time. The deuterium flux and its radial dependence, inferred from the implanted concentrations, have been compared with those measured by Langmuir probes. Metal impurities have been identified and their relative abundances have been compared with the material wall composition. The impurity flux is found consistent with the global content in the plasma derived by spectroscopic measurements. The deuterium dose measured in different samples has been related to the backscattering coefficient of the materials. Finally, to investigate the damage on sample probes facing the plasma particle flow, erosion probes made of vitreous graphite with silver implanted at a fixed depth have been exposed to the plasma and the thickness change after exposure recovered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Purpose - The aim of this paper is to obtain an extensive experimental characterization of a DC magnetron sputtering device used for plasma processing of materials. Design/methodology/approach - Models and measurements are combined for an interdisciplinary characterization of a DC magnetron sputtering device. Langmuir probes are used for the plasma characterization; the magnetic field is measured by using Hall probes and the data are used to validate a magnetostatic three-dimensional numerical analysis of the device; precision mechanical measurements are done for the target erosion profile and the results are related to a simple estimation formula; a simple model is proposed for the target heating. Findings - Data on magnetic and electric fields, electron temperature and density, plasma potential and target erosion are provided. An estimation of the target heating is proposed. Finally, an application concerning thin film deposition is reported. Research limitations/implications - Measurement of the target surface temperature for the validation of the proposed target heating estimation has not been done. Originality/value - In the field of the electromagnetic processing of materials, the reported extensive device characterization is a valuable set of information for an optimized utilization of DC magnetron sputtering devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 403-406 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A fast rotating graphite arm equipped with two Langmuir probes has been developed to investigate the temperature, density, and plasma potential profiles at the edge in the reversed field pinch experiment RFX. The system, driven by an electromagnetic torque, allows a 5 cm radial insertion in about 20 ms with a magnetic field of 0.3 T. The motion of the arm takes place on a plane having an angle of 45° with respect to the direction of the poloidal magnetic field. The probe collecting area is constant during the movement. The initial and final positions of the graphite arm are monitored by electrical contacts. To reconstruct the motion of the equipment, an equivalent lumped-constant network has been developed. The equivalent resistance and inductance are measured before each discharge. By this system radially resolved measurements of edge plasma parameters in a single RFX plasma discharge have been obtained. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 407-410 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A simple low cost novel linear amplifier has been developed for the electron energy analyzer employed on the reversed field pinch experiment RFX. The amplifier is designed to provide a 1 kV output voltage from a 10 V input. The current rating is ±50 mA. It utilizes a configuration of four blocks in series, each of them with an output totem-pole configuration. The rise and fall times are of a few milliseconds. A fast protection against output short circuit has been implemented. The amplifier has been used in various experimental campaigns on RFX and multiple time resolved measurements of the edge electron energy distribution in a single plasma discharge have been obtained. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4711-4713 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A movable limiter made of graphite and instrumented with an array of Langmuir and heat flux probes has been developed for the reversed field pinch experiment RFX. The limiter is mushroom shaped and designed to be exposed to the edge plasma for a discharge duration ≈250 ms. The distribution of the probes on the limiter surface allows simultaneous collection, in a single discharge, of edge parameters at different angles and radial positions. A bellows drive system with three degrees of freedom allows the instrumented limiter to be rotated and translated to investigate the spatial structure of the edge plasma. Cables and feedthroughs have been designed for 1-kV voltage and 5-A current. The power supply provides an output voltage ±100 V and a maximum current 4 A. Specific software has been developed for the automatic analysis of the Langmuir probes data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An array of single Langmuir probes is routinely used in the RFX reversed field pinch for time-resolved measurements of edge electron density and temperature. In order to allow an automatic analysis of the large number of current–voltage characteristics, three different methods have been developed, which consider restricted subsets of data with voltage lower than an upper cutoff value. The first one determines this limiting voltage by a neural network based technique, combined with criteria for the rejection of too noisy characteristics. In the second one a standard fitting routine is applied repeatedly to the data while varying the upper cutoff voltage. The third one consists of a numerical technique, where the best fit is obtained by minimizing a properly defined cost function. An error index is also calculated, which allows the reliability of the results to be easily estimated. The best results have been achieved using the last two methods.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A crucial issue in magnetically confined plasmas characterized by relevant internal current redistribution, such as high beta and low field toroidal devices, is the determination of their internal magnetic structure. The article presents a method for the integration of magnetic and nonmagnetic measurements in a model which considers a plasma described by stationary ideal magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium equations, with toroidal and poloidal plasma currents represented by distributed discrete filaments and current sheets. The model also includes the massive conductors representing the vessel, the shell, and the machine windings. The discrete current sets are determined by using as input data the total currents flowing in the plasma, in the windings and in the vessel, as deduced by external integral magnetic measurements. The obtained filamentary current sets are then adjusted by imposing further constraints. One of the constraints is given by the set of local magnetic field measurements provided by external pickup coils. A further and more significant constraint is imposed by far infrared polarimeter, which gives an integral condition for each implemented measurement chord. The method is validated by using experimental data from the reversed field pinch Reversed Field eXperiment, and the results suggest that the current density distribution is rather different from that usually predicted by conventional data inversion algorithms. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Pierre Robin syndrome ; Femoral aplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 5-year-old female infant with a extremely rare combination of Pierre Robin syndrome and multiple malformations of the limbs and kidneys is presented. Orthopaedic, hearing, intellectual and speech disabilities and treatment difficulties are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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