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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 1095-1101 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Immune complex nephritis ; Cationic antigens ; In-situ complex formation ; Immunkomplexnephritis ; Kationische Antigene ; In-situ-Komplexbildung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Lange Zeit wurde angenommen, daß die Immunkomplexnephritis durch eine glomeruläre Ablagerung von zirkulierenden Immunkomplexen entsteht. Eine befriedigende Erklärung, wie diese Komplexe in die GBM eindringen können, wurde bisher nicht gefunden. In jüngster Zeit wird — vor allem für subepitheliale Immunkomplexablagerungen — eine in situ Entstehung diskutiert. Positiv geladene Moleküle besitzen eine deutliche Affinität zur negativ geladenen GBM und können als Ziel (planted antigen) für den zirkulierenden Antikörper dienen. Hinzu kommt, daß sie bis zu einer Größe von mehr als 500 000 Dalton in die GBM eindringen können, während anionische Moleküle schon mit einer Größe von 70 000 Dalton von der gleichen Filtration ausgeschlossen sind. Die Interaktion chemisch kationisierter Proteine hängt vom pI und von der Größe des Moleküls ab. Kationisiertes IgG bleibt in der GBM hängen, wenn sein pI höher als 9.0 ist, Ovalbumin erst mit einem pI höher als 10.0. Hochkationisierte Proteine sind einige Stunden in der GBM nachweisbar. Die Komplexierung mit dem Ak führt zur Bildung subepithelialer Depots, die Wochen und Monate lang im Glomerulum verbleiben können. Die Injektion von einigen Mikrogramm eines hochkationisierten Antigens direkt in die linke Nierenarterie, der 1 h später eine systemische Gabe des Antikörpers folgt, ist ausreichend, um eine typische ICGN mit massiver Proteinurie auszulösen. Kationische Proteine sind demnach potente, nephritogene Antigene, die auch bei der menschlichen GN eine Rolle spielen könnten.
    Notes: Summary For a long time it was considered that immune complex nephritis was caused by the deposition of circulating immune complexes. The way these complexes penetrate into the GBM has not been satisfactorily explained. Recently, especially in the case of sub-epithelial immune complex deposits, an in situ formation has been discussed. Positively charged molecules have a marked affinity for the negatively charged GBM and can act as a target (planted antigen) for circulating antibody. Furthermore they can readily penetrate the GBM even when their size exceeds 500,000 daltons, whereas anionic molecules of over 70,000 daltons are effectively excluded. The interaction of chemically cationized proteins with the GBM is dependant on the size and charge of the molecule. Cationized IgG fixes to the GBM when its pI exceeds 9.0, ovalbumin only when its pI exceeds 10.0. Highly cationised proteins can be detected for several hours in the GBM. The reaction with antibody leads to the formation of sub-epithelial deposits which persist for weeks or even months in the GBM. Perfusion of microgram quantities of a highly cationised antigen directly into the left renal artery followed by the systemic injection of antibody 1 h later is capable of inducing a typical ICGN with massive proteinuria. The above demonstrates that cationic proteins are potent nephritogenic antigens, which may also be involved in human glomerulonephritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Tubular basement membrane ; Peritubular capillary ; Cationic antigen ; Ovalbumin ; Trinitrophenol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We developed an experimental protocol for planting exogenous antigens with different molecular weights and charges on the constituents of the renal tubulointerstitium. The cationized antigens were injected selectively into the left renal arteries of Wistar rats. Antigen localization was documented by immunohistochemistry on frozen sections. Cationized bovine serum albumin (BSA; 68 kDa, isoelectric point =9.5) localized almost exclusively along the glomerular capillary wall. After application of highly cationic polyethyleneimine, cationized BSA given subsequently was found in a linear distribution along the glomerular capillary wall and along the peritubular capillaries. The fate of highly cationized ovalbumin conjugated with trinitrophenol (TNP-OA), subjected to gel filtration to obtain monomers (42 kDa, isoelectric point 〉10) differed; it was deposited in a linear pattern on the tubular basement membrane (TBM) and Bowman's capsule, and remained up to 36 h after injection. Noncationized, monomeric TNP-OA (42 kDa, isolectnic point =4.6) showed fine granular deposition in the tubular epithelium exclusively. These findings indicate that the barrier of the glomerular BM acts selectively on antigens with different molecular weights. They either settle on the peritubular capillaries, after passing the glomerular, or reach the urinary space, after which they are reabsorbed by the tubular epithelial cells to reach the TBM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Tubular basement membrane ; Peritubular capillary ; Cationic antigen ; Ovalbumin ; Trinitrophenol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We developed an experimental protocol for planting exogenous antigens with different molecular weights and charges on the constituents of the renal tubulointerstitium. The cationized antigens were injected selectively into the left renal arteries of Wistar rats. Antigen localization was documented by immunohistochemistry on frozen sections. Cationized bovine serum albumin (BSA; 68 kDa, isoelectric point =9.5) localized almost exclusively along the glomerular capillary wall. After application of highly cationic polyethyleneimine, cationized BSA given subsequently was found in a linear distribution along the glomerular capillary wall and along the peritubular capillaries. The fate of highly cationized ovalbumin conjugated with trinitrophenol (TNP-OA), subjected to gel filtration to obtain monomers (42 kDa, isoelectric point 〉10) differed; it was deposited in a linear pattern on the tubular basement membrane (TBM) and Bowman's capsule, and remained up to 36 h after injection. Noncationized, monomeric TNP-OA (42 kDa, isolectnic point =4.6) showed fine granular deposition in the tubular epithelium exclusively. These findings indicate that the barrier of the glomerular BM acts selectively on antigens with different molecular weights. They either settle on the peritubular capillaries, after passing the glomerular, or reach the urinary space, after which they are reabsorbed by the tubular epithelial cells to reach the TBM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 167 (1976), S. 23-30 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Proteinuria ; Glomerulonephritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The quantity of urinary proteins and their molecular weight composition was analyzed in different experimental glomerulopathies using the SDS-PAA-electrophoresis. Masugi nephritis, heterologous and autologous immune complex nephritis as well as D-penicillamine induced glomerulonephritis were studied in rabbits, guinea pigs and rats. The procedure allows (1) to distinguish physiological from low grade glomerular proteinuria by their respective characteristic patterns in early disease stages (2) to follow up the disease course of individual animals without sacrifice and (3) to discriminate species specificity of physiological urinary proteins. It is recommended to use this technique of urinary protein analysis in experimental conditions, where mild glomerular damage is expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 167 (1976), S. 193-202 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Nephrotoxic serum nephritis ; Anti GBM antibody-Hemolytic complementlevels ; Nephrotoxische Serum Nephritis ; Anti-GBM-Antikörper- Complementspiegel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Antikörper gegen glomerulärer Basalmembran (Kaninchen) wurden durch Absorption an und Elution von Kaninchen Glomeruliin Vitro isoliert. Die physico-chemischen und biologischen Eigenschaften des Antikörpers wurden beschrieben. Die erhaltene Antikörperpräparation wies eine hohe spezifische Antikörperaktivität für glomerulare Basalmembran auf und induzierte nach Injektion beim Kaninchen eine Glomerulonephritis. Ungefähr 10% der Antikörper lokalisierten in den Nieren der Kaninchen. Die totalein Vitro undin Vivo Bindungsfähigkeit an Niere war etwa gleich hoch. Auf diese Befunde basierend wird eine einfache Methode zur Bestimmung von Anti-GBM-Antikörper beschrieben.
    Notes: Summary Antibody to rabbit glomerular basement membrane was separated from whole antiserum by adsorption onto and elution from rabbit glomeruliin vitro. The physico-chemical and biological properties were investigated. The preparation had a high specific activity for the GBM and induced glomerulonephritis on injection into rabbits. About 10% of the antibody localised in the kidneys of rabbits and the totalin vitro andin vivo tissue binding capacity were comparable. Based on these results a simplein vitro assay for measuring anti-GBM antibody is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 19 (2000), S. 960-963 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection was sought in 230 patients with positive antibody titres in an indirect immunofluorescence test that became negative after serum samples were pre-absorbed with treponemal antigen. Infection could be excluded in 82.2% (189/230) of patients, was questionable in 6.9% (16/230), and was judged to have occurred in 10.9% (25/230), including four (1.7%) cases of early, acute disease that required treatment. The preabsorption procedure clearly reduces the frequency of false-positive reactions; however, there is a definite risk of overlooking active infections with this technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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