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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 76 (1985), S. 23-27 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Haemangioblastoma ; posterior fossa ; vertebral angiography ; CT scanning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A series of 57 patients harbouring a total of 63 haemangioblastomas of the posterior fossa is reviewed. Some clinical data are pointed out and the findings of vertebral angiography and computed tomography scanning performed in 61 and 38 lesions, respectively, are examined. The results obtained in the last 38 cases, undergoing both examinations, are compared, and some notes on differential diagnosis with other expansive lesions of the posterior fossa are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Italian journal of neurological sciences 20 (1999), S. 247-249 
    ISSN: 1126-5442
    Keywords: Key words Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system ; MRI ; Anticoagulant therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system is a rare condition characterized by deposition of haemosiderin in the leptomeninges and in the subpial layers of the brain and spinal cord. With the widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging, an increasing number of cases of superficial siderosis are being discovered, secondary forms being more frequent than idiopathic ones. We report a 78-year-old man in oral anticoagulant therapy, who presented neurosensory hearing loss, gait ataxia and spastic paraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested the diagnosis of superficial siderosis of the central nervous system, without an evident bleeding source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 7 (1991), S. 129-134 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Vein of Galen aneurysm ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vein of Galen aneurysms demonstrate a high tendency to thrombose, as extensive thrombophlebitis of the dural sinuses and deep venous system occurs frequently. This may be explained by the frequent detection of venous anomalies and retention of embryonic venous patterns such as the median prosencephalic vein. Twentyone cases were reviewed (19 from the literature, 2 of our own cases): no typical syndrome for thrombosed aneurysm of the vein of Galen could be found; therefore, a preliminary diagnosis of clotted vein of Galen aneurysm was made in only half the cases. In all the remaining ones, pineal or III ventricle masses were suspected. Nevertheless, crescentic rimlike calcifications in the region of the vein of Galen can be found in 50% of cases. Only in half of the cases did angiography demonstrate the malformation filled by contrast medium, while in the remaining cases not only the aneurysm but also the deep Galenic venous system failed to opacify. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance scans demonstrated masses with high density/intensity values, with varying degrees of calcification. Knowledge of this pathological entity is important in order to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 5 (1989), S. 87-93 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Interventional angiography ; Embolization ; Head and neck angiomas ; Aneurysmal bone cyst ; Vertebral hemangioma ; Spinal cord angioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Since the introduction of non-invasive imaging techniques (CT, US, MRI), superselective cerebrospinal angiography has been playing a major role as a diagnostic tool as well as a therapeutic procedure prior to surgery or as an alternative. Surgical neuroangiography is now also a well-established therapeutic technique in neuropediatrics. Lesions fed by the external carotid artery and spinal cord lesions are the main indications. The first group consists of maxillofacial vascular malformations, nasopharyngeal angiofibromas, and vascularized tumors of the facioorbital area (hemangiopericytoma, angiosarcoma ...). Spinal lesions for which embolization can be considered are benign tumors of the vertebral column (vertebral hemangioma, aneurysmal bone cyst ...) and vascular malformations intrinsic to the spinal cord. Particles (Ivalon, dura) are the safest embolization materials and have a wide range of possible applications; glues such as IBC have defined but limited indications. Digital subtraction angiography is crucial during the procedure and in determining the overall doses of contrast medium to be administered. Furthermore, decisions can be made more rapidly and precisely, with a definite improvement in the therapeutic results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 18 (1979), S. 41-42 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cerebrovascular disease ; Foix-Chavany syndrome ; Linguo-bucco-facial apraxia ; CT scan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Foix-Chavany syndrome is a neurological entity characterized by linguo-buccofacial apraxia almost always caused by disturbed cerebral circulation. Three typical cases of this syndrome are described and the role of the CT scan to obtain a definite diagnosis is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. Tuberous sclerosis is a protean, genetically determined disease that may involve any organ or tissue and lead to a great number of symptoms and clinical features. Objective. Diagnosis can be very difficult in cases with incomplete manifestations (formes fruste) lacking the classic signs of the disease. Materials and methods. We report a case fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for tuberous sclerosis (shagreen patches, hypomelanotic macules, renal cysts and angiomyolipomas, and “migration tracts” in the cerebral white matter) in association with a giant intracranial aneurysm, but lacking mental retardation, epilepsy and facial angiofibroma. Results. Fourteen other cases of tuberous sclerosis and intracranial aneurysms, all but one without any clear sign of polycystic kidney disease, were found in the literature. Conclusion. We suggest that vascular dysplasias in general and aneurysms (mainly intracranial) in particular can be added to the other non-primary diagnostic features for the clinical diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 7 (1991), S. 139-146 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Vascular cerebral malformations ; Cavernous angiomas ; Epilepsy ; Childhood ; CT ; MRI ; Cavernoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cavernomas are vascular malformations composed of a compact mass of sinusoidal-type vessels that are immediately contiguous with one another and have no intervening parenchyma. Cavernous malformations were previously held to be a rare pathology occurring predominantly in adults. New neuroradiological techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrate, on the contrary, that these lesions are also more frequent during childhood than was previously thought. In our institution we observed 17 cases of cavernous malformations in patients aged between 18 months and 16 years, 16 of whom were diagnosed after 1982. In 4 of these cases there was a documented familial history; in 2 multiple malformations were present. The most common site was the subcortical frontal region, but in 1 case the malformation was located in the pineal region. The most frequent (in 12 cases) initial symptom was hemorrhage, with the characteristics of an intracerebral hematoma. In 4 cases the initial symptom consisted of epileptic fits and 2 of these patients subsequently suffered hemorrhage. In one case the symptoms observed were those of an expansile process. All our patients underwent cerebral angiography and only in 1 case did this show a vascular abnormality. CT, performed in 16 patients, gave positive results in all cases. MRI, performed in 12 patients, gave highly significant images in all cases. Radical surgical removal of the malformation was performed in 15 of the 17 patients, and the results can be considered excellent in the majority of cases. Cavernous malformations are, therefore, more frequent lesions than had previously been thought, especially in pediatric patients. MRI offers the most conclusive means of diagnosis and, considering the possibility of family predispositions, this is also the method to be used in screening a patient's family members. The operation is easy, at least for the most frequent location, and is justified in view of the risk of hemorrhage and relapses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Corticobasal degeneration ; Neuropsychology Apraxia ; MRI ; PET ; SPECT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Nel presente studio vengono riportate le correlazioni neuropsicologiche e neuroradiologiche in tre pazienti affetti da una rara malattia neurodegenerativa, la degenerazione cortico-basale (DCB). Lo studio neuropsicologico ha mostrato un decadimento nelle funzioni esecutive, nella destrezza manuale e programmazione rnotoria con una asimmetria tra i due arti superiori e un'aprassia ideo-motoria e bucco facciale. La risonanza magnetica nucleare (RMN) dell'encefalo ha evidenziato una dilatazione corticale in sede frontale e peri-rolandica, con asimmetria controlaterale al lato, più affetto in due casi, e simmetrica in un caso; inoltre un aumentato segnale T2 in sede di putamen e della sostanza nera ipsilaterale all'atrofia corticale è stato osservato in un paziente. La PET con tracciante 18-fluorodeossiglucosio ha evidenziato un ipometabolismo asimmetrico sia della corteccia frontale e parietale the dei gangli della base. La SPECT con tracciante 99-tecnezio ha evidenziato un'asimmetria corticale e sottocorticale in due casi; in un caso è stata osservata un'asimmetria solo in sede corticale. Le nostre osservazioni sui pazienti con DCB hanno mostrato una precisa correlazione tra aspetti neuropsicologici e neuroradiologici. Tali correlazioni possono dare un contributo allo studio delle alterazioni anatomiche e funzionali associate con questo disturbo neurodegenerativo.
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to correlate neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings in corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Three patients with clinical criteria for CBD were examined by means of neuropsychological tests, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and flow and metabolism neuroimaging techniques. Neuropsychological assessment revealed impairment in executive functions, manual dexterity and motor programming with significant asymmetry between upper limbs. Ideomotor and oral apraxia were also detected, and memory deficits were observed in one patient. MRI revealed cortical dilation of the frontal and perirolandic regions, symmetrical in one case and asymmetrical in the other two cases. An increased T2 signal intensity in the posterolateral putamen and substantia nigra ipsilateral to the cortical atrophy was observed in one patient. Asymmetries of both frontal and parietal cortices and basal ganglia were detected in all three patients by 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography; temporal region hypometabolism was associated in one patient. These cortical and subcortical asymmetries were observed in two patients by single photon emission tomography with the tracer technetium Tc 99m hexamethyl propylenamine oxime; cortical asymmetry was observed in only one patient. The results showed that functional neuroimaging findings correlated well with neuropsychological aspects in CBD. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological correlations may contribute toward understanding anatomical and functional abnormalities associated with this neurodegenerative disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Functional MR ; Motor-premotor cortex ; Simple-complex movements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Scopo di questo studio è stato quello di dimostrare la possibile differenza di attivazione bilaterale per i movimenti delta mano non-dominants nei confronti di quella dominante come pure il diverso coinvolgimento delle aree corticali motorie durante l'esecuzione di movimenti complessi della mano rispetto ai movimenti semplici. È stato utilizzato un apparecchio standard di risonanza magnetica di 1,5 T, per tocalizzare le aree corticali motorie delta mano, utilizzando la tecnica BOLDc ed immagini FLASH a singola sezione. 10 soggetti destrimani sani sono stati utilizzati come volontari per to studio; gli stimoli motori consistevano nell'esecuzione di movimenti semplici (flesso-estensione delle dita) da parte sia delta mano dominante the di quella non dominante, e di movimenti complessi (opposizione delle 4 dita al pollice in maniera ripetuta secondo una sequenza stabilita, 2,4,3,5) da parte delta mano non-dominants. L'esecuzione dei movimenti semplici ha determinato l'attivazione controlaterale dell'area motoria primaria (MA); attivazione ipsilaterale è stata osservata solo per la mano non dominante. Anche l'area supplementare motoria (SMA) è stata attivata, con chiara prevalenza per quella controlaterale. L'entità di attivazione bilaterale delta MA non cambiava con l'esecuzione di movimenti complessi, mentre la SMA, così come l'area premotoria laterale (LPA), erano maggiormente attivate in entrambi i lati con questo tipo di stimolo. In conclusione, la MA ipsilaterale è attivata per movimenti — anche se semplici — eseguiti con la mano non-dominants; esiste una notevole attività funzionale, comprendente la SMA sia controlaterale che ipsilaterale, durante l'esecuzione di movimenti complessi.
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to show a gradient of possible bilateral activation for movements of the non-dominant vs. dominant hand, as well as for areas involved in complex vs. simple hand movements. A standard 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system has been utilized to localize the cortical motor hand areas, using the blood oxygen level dependent contrast (BOLDc) technique and single-section fast low-angle shot (FLASH) imaging. Ten normal right-handed subjects volunteered for the study. The motor tasks consisted of simple (flexion-extension) finger movements of either hand, and complex movements (finger-to-thumb opposition in a repeating, pre-planned sequence) of the non-dominant hand. Simple movements caused contralateral activation of the primary motor area (MA); ipsilateral activation was observed for the non-dominant hand only. Supplementary motor area (SMA) was also activated, with a clear contralateral prevalence. The ratio of bilateral activation of MA did not change with complex movements of the non-dominant hand, while SMA as well as lateral premotor area were largely bilaterally activated in this task. In conclusion, the ipsilateral MA is activated for movements — even simple — performed with the non-dominant hand. There is widespread functional activity, involving both contralateral and ipsilateral SMA, for complex movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) ; internal cerebral veins ; thrombosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Gli autori descrivono il caso di una paziente affetta da trombosi acuta delle vene cerebrali profonde, portatrice di deficit di attivatore tissutale di plasminogeno (t-PA). Il recupero fu completo; con la RM si evidenziò la ricanalizzazione del circolo venoso profondo. Il deficit di t-PA era esteso ad altri membri della famiglia, pur in assenza di manifestazioni trombotiche. Nella paziente la trombosi venosa cerebrale esordì in concomitanza con l'assunzione di contraccettivi orali; vengono discusse le relazioni tra trombosi venose cerebrali, uso di contraccettivi orali e deficit dei sistemi anticoagulante e fibrinolitico naturali.
    Notes: Abstract We describe a patient with defective tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) release who developed internal cerebral vein thrombosis. She recovered completely and, as shown by MRI, favourable outcome was probably related to vascular recanalisation. Other members of the pedigree had a similar fibrinolytic deficiency without clinical manifestations. The use of oral contraceptives may have contributed to the patient's hypercoagulable state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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