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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer of Ph I genes promoting homoeologous pairing from Triticum speltoides to common wheat (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; T. speltoides ; Meiotic chromosome pairing ; Alien transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Diploid-like chromosome pairing in polyploid wheat is controlled by several Ph (pairing homoeologous) genes with major and minor effects. Homoeologous pairing occurs in either the absence of these genes or their inhibition by genes from other species (Ph I genes). We transferred Ph I genes from Triticum speltoides (syn Aegilops speltoides) to T. aestivum, and on the basis of further analysis it appears that two duplicate and independent Ph I genes were transferred. Since Ph I genes are epistatic to the Ph genes of wheat, homoeologous pairing between the wheat and alien chromosomes occurs in the F1 hybrids. Using the Ph I gene stock, we could demonstrate homoeologous pairing between the wheat and Haynaldia villosa chromosomes. Since homoeologous pairing occurs in F1 hybrids and no cytogenetic manipulation is needed, the Ph I gene stock may be a versatile tool for effecting rapid and efficient alien genetic transfers to wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222400
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Candidate gene analysis of quantitative disease resistance in wheat (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Wheat ; Quantitative trait loci ; Candidate gene ; Disease resistance ; Molecular mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Knowledge of the biological significance underlying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for disease resistance is generally limited. In recent years, advances in plant-microbe interactions and genome mapping have lead to an increased understanding of the genes involved in plant defense and quantitative disease resistance. Here, we report on the application of the candidate-gene approach to the mapping of QTLs for disease resistance in a population of wheat recombinant inbreds. Over 50 loci, representing several classes of defense response (DR) genes, were placed on an existing linkage map and the genome was surveyed for QTLs associated with resistance to several diseases including tan spot, leaf rust, Karnal bunt, and stem rust. Analysis revealed QTLs with large effects in regions of putative resistance (R) genes, as previously reported. Several candidate genes, including oxalate oxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, chitinase and thaumatin, mapped within previously identified resistance QTLs and explained a greater amount of the phenotypic variation. A cluster of closely linked DR genes on the long arm of chromosome 7B, which included genes for catalase, chitinase, thaumatins and an ion channel regulator, had major effects for resistance to leaf rust of adult plants under conditions of natural infestation. The results of this study indicate that many minor resistance QTLs may be from the action of DR genes, and that the candidate-gene approach can be an efficient method of QTL identification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051061
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and molecular cytogenetic analysis of wheat-Haynaldia villosa 6VS/6AL translocation lines specifying resistance to powdery mildew (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 1125-1128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Haynaldia villosa ; Alien translocation ; Powdery mildew resistance ; In situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several Triticum aestivum L.-Haynaldia villosa disomic 6VS/6AL translocation lines with powdery mildew resistance were developed from the hybridization between common wheat cultivar Yangmai 5 and alien substitution line 6V(6A). Mitotic and meiotic C-banding analysis, aneuploid analysis with double ditelosomic stocks, in situ hybridization, as well as the phenotypic assessment of powdery mildew resistance, were used to characterize these lines. The same translocated chromosome, with breakpoints near the centromere, appears to be present in all the lines, despite variation among the lines in their morphology and agronomic characteristics. The resistance gene, conferred by H. villosa and designated as Pm21, is a new and promising source of powdery mildew resistance in wheat breeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223930
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation, characterization and application of a species-specific repeated sequence from Haynaldia villosa (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 526-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Haynaldia villosa ; Repeated sequence ; In situ hybridization ; Gene transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A species-specific repeated sequence, pHvNAU62, was cloned from Haynaldia villosa, a wheat relative of great importance. It strongly hybridized to H. villosa, but not to wheat. In situ hybridization localized this sequence to six of seven H. villosa chromosome pairs in telomeric or sub-telomeric regions. Southern hybridization to whea-H. villosa addition lines showed that chromosomes 1V through 6V gave strong signals in ladders while chromosome 7V escaped detection. In addition to H. villosa, several Triticeae species were identified for a high abundance of the pHvNAU62 repeated sequence, among which Thinopyrum bassarabicum and Leymus racemosus produced the strongest signals. Sequence analysis indicated that the cloned fragment was 292 bp long, being AT rich (61%), and showed 67% homology of pSc7235, a rye repeated sequence. Isochizomer analysis suggested that the present repeated sequence was heavily methylated at the cytosine of the CpG dimer in the genome of H. villosa.It was also demonstrated that pHvNAU62 is useful in tagging the introduced 6VS chromosome arm, which confers a resistance gene to wheat powdery mildew, in the segregating generations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221999
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cytogenetic analysis of Leymus racemosus chromosomes added to wheat (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 1084-1091 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Triticum aestivum ; Leymus racemosus ; Chromosome addition lines ; C-banding ; RLFP analysis ; Homoeology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Five disomic, two double-disomic, and two ditelosomic addition lines and one disomic substitution line derived from the crosses of Triticum aestivum (2n=6x=42, AABBDD)×Leymus racemosus (2n= 4x=28, JJNN) were identified by C-banding analysis. The homoeology of the added Leymus chromosomes was determined by RFLP analysis. Four of five disomic addition lines belonged to group 2, 5, 6 and 7 chromosomes of L. racemosus; these were designated as 2Lr?1(NAU516), 5Lr?1(NAU504, NAU514), 6Lr?1 (NAU512), and 7Lr?1(NAU501). Two additional chromosomes, 1Lr?1 and 3Lr?1, were present in double-disomic addition lines 1Lr?1+5Lr?1 (NAU525) and 3Lr?1+7Lr?1(NAU524), respec-tively. In the disomic substitution line wheat chromosome 2B was replaced by L. racemosus chromosome 2Lr?1 (NAU551). Two telocentric chromosomes, 2Lr?2S (NAU509) and 7Lr?1S (NAU511), were isolated as ditelosomic addition lines. The study presented here provides the first evidence of homoeology of the added L. racemosus chromosomes with wheat chromosomes using DNA markers. Our data provide the basis for further directed chromosome engineering aimed at producing compensating wheat-L. racemosus translocation lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050666
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and physical mapping of three Haynaldia villosa chromosome-6V deletion lines (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 1042-1046 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words T. aestivum ; H. villosa ; C-banding ; RFLP ; Deletion mapping ; Pm21
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Three deletion lines (del6V?2S-1, del6V? 2L-1, and del6V?2L-2) of Haynaldia villosa chromosome 6V added to wheat were identified by C-banding and characterized by RFLP analyses. The breakpoints were located at fraction lengths (FL) 0.58 in del6V?2S-1 in the short arm, and FL 0.66 in del6V?2L-1 and FL 0.64 in del6V?2L-2 in the long arm. Thirty-one Triticeae homoeologous group-6 DNA probes were used to map RFLP loci in the deletion lines and the wheat-H. villosa disomic substitution (DS) line 6V?2(6A). Nine probes failed to detect polymorphism between Chinese Spring and DS6V?2(6A). Ten of sixteen polymorphic short-arm loci were not detected in del6V?2S-1. Thus, the loci are located in the deleted distal chromosome region. Six RFLP markers were mapped in the proximal 58% of 6VS. Of 20 DNA markers specific for 6VL, six mapped in the distal 36% of the long arm, and nine mapped in the proximal 64% of 6VL. The breakpoint of the short arm of 6V?2 occurs between Xpsr106 and Xcdo270, and that of the long arm between Xpsr915 and Xmwg934. The powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 is located on the short arm of chromosome 6V?2. Pm21 is present in del6V?2S-1, and can be further mapped in the proximal 58% of 6V?2S.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050989
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction and constitutive expression of a rice chitinase gene in bread wheat using biolistic bombardment and the bar gene as a selectable marker (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 1296-1306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key wordsTriticum aestivum ; Transformation ; Microprojectile bombardment ; Chitinase gene ; bar gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Our long-term goal is to control wheat diseases through the enhancement of host plant resistance. The constitutive expression of plant defense genes to control fungal diseases can be engineered by genetic transformation. Our experimental strategy was to biolistically transform wheat with a vector DNA containing a rice chitinase gene under the control of the CaMV 35 S promoter and the bar gene under control of the ubiquitin promoter as a selectable marker. Immature embryos of wheat cv ‘Bobwhite’ were bombarded with plasmid pAHG11 containing the rice chitinase gene chi11 and the bar gene. The embryos were subcultured on MS2 medium containing the herbicide bialaphos. Calli were then transferred to a regeneration medium, also containing bialaphos. Seventeen herbicide-resistant putative transformants (T0) were selected after spraying with 0.2% Liberty, of which 16 showed bar gene expression as determined by the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) assay. Of the 17 plants, 12 showed the expected 35-kDa rice chitinase as revealed by Western blot analysis. The majority of transgenic plants were morphologically normal and self-fertile. The integration, inheritance and expression of the chi11 and bar genes were confirmed by Southern hybridization, PAT and Western blot analysis of T0 and T1 transgenic plants. Mendelian segregation of herbicide resistance was observed in some T1 progenies. Interestingly, a majority of the T1 progeny had very little or no chitinase expression even though the chitinase transgene was intact. Because PAT gene expression under control of the ubiquitin promoter was unaffected, we conclude that the CaMV 35 S promoter is selectively inactivated in T1 transgenic wheat plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051022
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genomic mapping of defense response genes in wheat (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 226-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Molecular mapping ; Wheat ; Resistance ; Defense response genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Defense response (DR) genes are a broad class involved in plant defense. In this study we mapped 36 probes representing seven classes of defense response genes. This collection of probes represents genes involved in the hypersensitive response (HR), pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, genes for the flavonoid metabolic pathway, genes encoding proline/glycine-rich proteins, ion channel regulators, lipoxygenase, lectin, and others. Using nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of ‘Chinese Spring’, we were able to assign at least 167 loci to the 21 chromosomes of wheat. Homoeologous group 7 chromosomes possessed the most DR loci followed by group 2. Sixty-two loci were placed on existing genetic linkage maps of wheat. Map locations indicated that the DR gene loci are not randomly distributed throughout the wheat genome, but rather are located in clusters and/or in distal gene-rich regions of the chromosomes. Knowledge of the chromosomal locations and genome organization of DR genes will be useful for candidate gene analysis of quantitative trait loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051062
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of wheat scab symptoms is delayed in transgenic wheat plants that constitutively express a rice thaumatin-like protein gene (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 755-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words  Triticum aestivum ; Genetic transformation ; Thaumatin-like protein ; Wheat scab ; Fluorescent in situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   The possibility of controlling wheat scab (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schw.) was explored by engineering wheat plants for constitutive expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes. A rice thaumatin-like protein (TLP) gene (tlp) and a rice chitinase gene (chi11) were introduced into the spring wheat cultivar ’Bobwhite’ by co-transformation of the plasmids pGL2ubi-tlp (ubiquitin/tlp//CaMV 35S/hpt) and pAHG11 (CaMV 35S/chi11//ubiquitin/bar). The transformation was by biolistic bombardment. Bialaphos was used as the selection reagent. The integration and expression of the tlp, bar, chi11 and hpt genes were analyzed by Southern, Northern and Western blot analyses. The four transgenes co-segregated in the T1 progeny of the transgenic plant and were localized at the telomeric region of the chromosome 6A long arm by sequential N-banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using pAHG11 or pGL2ubi-tlp as the probes. Only the transgenes tlp and bar, under the control of the ubiquitin promoter-intron, were expressed. No expression of the chi11 and hpt genes, controlled by the CaMV 35S promoter, was detected in T1 plants. After inoculation with conidia of F. graminearum, the symptoms of scab developed significantly slower in transgenic plants of the T1, T2 and T3 generations expressing the tlp gene than in non-transformed control plants. This is the first report of enhanced resistance to F. graminearum in transgenic wheat plants with constitutive expression of TLP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051294
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