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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of myelination and myelination disorders with turbo inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (1997)
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. 1478-1484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MR imaging ; Turbo inversion recovery ; Brain ; Growth and development ; Myelin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of our work was to determine the efficacy of turbo inversion recovery spin echo (TIRSE) pulse sequences in differentiating patients with normal and abnormal myelination. Twenty neurological normal children (aged 5 months to 12 years) as well as 65 children presenting clinically with neurologic developmental deficits (aged 2 months to 10 years) were examined using TIRSE, T1-weighted SE, and T2-weighted turbo SE pulse sequences. Contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) between myelinated white and gray matter was compared for the different pulse sequences. In addition, two readers analyzed all images qualitatively by consensus. The CNR values were significantly higher on TIRSE images as compared with conventional images (p 〈 0.05). Forty-two neurologically abnormal patients displayed a normal myelination on all sequences, whereas 23 showed an abnormal myelination. The TIRSE sequence provided a sensitive and specific depiction of an abnormal myelination in all of these patients. The TIRSE sequence provided additional information to conventional pulse sequences in determining myelination disorders in children, especially in children older than 2 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050320
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement characteristics of liver metastases, hepatocellular carcinomas, and hemangiomas with Gd-EOB-DTPA: preliminary results with dynamic MR imaging (1997)
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MRI ; Liver ; Gd-EOB-DTPA ; Characterization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Our objective was to study Gd-EOB-DTPA for the characterization of focal liver lesions by means of dynamic MR imaging. A double-blind and randomized dose-ranging phase-2 clinical trial was performed in 31 patients (liver metastases n = 23, hepatocellular carcinoma n = 4, and hemangioma n = 4) at a field strength of 1.0 Tesla. Gd-EOB-DTPA (Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) was administered as an IV bolus (12.5, 25, or 50 μmol/kg body weight) with dynamic T1-weighted MRI during the distribution and cellular uptake of the contrast agent at multiple time points up to 45 min post contrast. Dynamic changes in tumor signal intensity, tumor–liver contrast, enhancement patterns, side effects, and adverse events were evaluated. Monitoring of vital signs revealed no significant changes during bolus injection of Gd-EOB-DTPA. Liver metastases demonstrated an inhomogeneous uptake of Gd-EOB-DTPA during the distribution phase with a washout effect on delayed images 〉 3 min and highest tumor–liver contrast 20 and 45 min post contrast. Hepatocellular carcinomas showed prolonged enhancement as compared with metastases and hemangiomas. Hemangiomas exhibited an early peripheral–nodular enhancement with subsequent partial or complete filling, persisting enhancement 〈 10 min following injection of Gd-EOB-DTPA, and delayed washout as compared with liver metastases. Initial clinical experience suggests that Gd-EOB-DTPA as a bolus injectable hepatobiliary MR contrast agent may offer useful features for the characterization of focal liver lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050150
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macromolecular contrast media. A new approach for characterising breast tumors with MR-mammography (1997)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 37 (1997), S. 733-740 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Key words MR-mammography • Macromolecular contrast agents • Breast tumors • Tissue characterization • Microvascular permeability ; Schlüsselwörter MR-Mammographie • Makromolekulare Kontrastmittel • Mamma-Tumoren • Tumor-Charakterisierung • Kapillarpermeabilität
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Diese Übersicht stellt den Stellenwert makromolekularer Kontrastmittel (MMKM) für die MR-tomographische Charakterisierung von benignen und malignen Mammatumoren dar. Aufgrund experimenteller Studien lassen MMKM eine signifikante Verbesserung der Spezifität der dynamischen kontrastmittelunterstützten MR-Mammographie erwarten. Das differentialdiagnostische Konzept beruht auf der pathologischen Hyperpermeabilität von Kapillaren in Karzinomen, die einen MMKM-Austritt in das Tumorinterstitium bedingt, während die intakten Kapillaren benigner Tumoren nicht permeabel für MMKM sind. Diagnostische Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des MMKM-Prototyps, Albumin-Gd-DTPA (92 kD), werden dargestellt und mit dem niedermolekularen Standard-Kontrastmittel Gd-DTPA (500 D) verglichen. Erste Erfahrungen mit neuen, für die klinische Anwendung optimierten MMKM-Präparaten, wie das Kaskadenpolymer, Gd-DTPA-Polylysine und das MS-325 werden vorgestellt. Das Potential von Blood-pool-Eisenoxidpräparaten, z. B. AMI-227, für die Bestimmung von Tumorkapillarpermeabilitäten wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summery The value of macromolecular contrast agents (MMCM) for the characterization of benign and malignant breast tumors will be demonstrated in this review. Animal studies suggest a high potential of MMCM to increase the specificity of MR-mammography. The concept of tumor differentiation is based on the pathological hyperpermeability of microvessels in malignant tumors. MMCM show a leak into the interstitium of carcinomas, whereas they are confined to the intravascular space in benign tumors. Capabilities and limitations of the MMCM-prototype. Albumin-Gd-DTPA, for breast tumor characterization will be summarized and compared to the standard low molecular weight contrast agent Gd-DTPA. Initial experience with new MMCM, such as Dendrimers, Gd-DTPA-Polylysine and MS-325 will be outlined. The potential of “blood-pool“-iron oxides, such as AMI-227 for the evaluation of tumor microvascular permeabilities will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050275
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hochdosierte Anwendung von Gd-DTPA-BMA (Gadodiamid) in der Diagnostik und Therapiebeurteilung maligner Knochentumoren (1996)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 148-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gd-DTPA-BMA ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; Dynamische Studien ; Knochenläsionen ; Präoperative Chemotherapie ; Key words Gd-DTPA-BMA ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Dynamic studies ; Bone lesions ; Preoperative chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of high-dose Gd-DTPA-BMA (gadodiamide, Omniscan) as a contrast for magnetic resonance imaging of malignant bone tumors and the use of high-dose dynamic studies for predicting the response to preoperative chemotherapy. Materials and methods: Examinations were performed in 22 patients with suspected malignant bone tumor on a 1.5 T system. In 8 cases a follow-up examination was done after preoperative chemotherapy. Static studies included Pd- and T2-weighted spin-echo sequences as well as T1-weighted spin-echo sequences, obtained pre- and postcontrast. Dynamic studies were performed using a FLASH 2D-gradient-echo sequence (TR 40 ms/TE 10 ms, 90 ° flip angle) every 20 s after intravenous bolus injection of Gd-DTPA-BMA (0.3 mmol/kg body weight). MR images were evaluated qualitatively by visual assessment of conspicuity size, extraosseous delineation and structure of the lesion and quantitatively by measurement of the signal intensities and calculation of the relative increase in signal intensity. Results: Qualitative image analysis showed best demonstration of the lesions on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. Comparison of T1-weighted pre- and postcontrast spin-echo sequences revealed significantly better assessment of tumor structure after administration of contrast media. After preoperative chemotherapy, all responders showed a markedly stronger reduction in relative increase in signal intensity in dynamic studies compared to nonresponders. Conclusion: Gd-DTPA-BMA is effective for magnetic resonance imaging of musculoskeletal lesions and improves assessment of the tumor structure. Dynamic studies may help to predict the response to preoperative chemotherapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie: Untersucht wurde, ob die hochdosierte Gabe von Gd-DTPA-BMA (Gadodiamid, Omniscan™) sich für die kontrastmittelunterstützte Magnetresonanztomographie maligner Knochentumoren eignet und ob dynamische Studien bei dieser Dosis eine Beurteilung des Ansprechens auf eine präoperative Chemotherapie ermöglichen. Material und Methode: Die Untersuchungen erfolgten bei 22 Patienten mit Verdacht auf malignen Knochentumor bei einer Feldstärke von 1,5 Tesla. In 8 Fällen wurde eine Verlaufskontrolle nach präoperativer Chemotherapie durchgeführt. Die statischen Untersuchungen umfaßten PD- und T2-gewichtete Spinechosequenzen sowie T1-gewichtete Spinechosequenzen vor und nach Kontrastmittelapplikation. Dynamische Studien wurden mit einer FLASH-2D-Gradientenechosequenz (TR 40 ms/TE 10 ms, Flipwinkel 90 °) im Abstand von je 20 s nach intravenöser Bolusinjektion von Gd-DTPA-BMA (0,3 mmol/kg Körpergewicht) durchgeführt. Die Auswertung der MR-Bilder erfolgte qualitativ durch visuelle Beurteilung der Erkennbarkeit, der Größe, der extraossären Ausdehnung und der Struktur der Läsion und quantitativ mit Messung der Signalintensitäten und Berechnung des relativen Signalanstieges. Ergebnisse: Die qualitative Bildauswertung ergab für die T1-gewichteten Bilder nach Kontrastmittelapplikation die beste Erkennbarkeit der Läsion. Der Vergleich der T1-gewichteten Spinechosequenz vor und nach Kontrastmittelapplikation zeigte eine signifikant verbesserte Beurteilbarkeit der Tumorstruktur nach Kontrastmittelgabe. In den dynamischen Untersuchungen wiesen alle Responder nach präoperativer Chemotherapie einen deutlich stärkeren Abfall des relativen Signalintensitätsanstieges als die Nonresponder auf. Schlußfolgerung: Gd-DTPA-BMA ist ein effektives Kontrastmittel für die Magnetresonanztomographie muskuloskeletaler Läsionen und ermöglicht eine verbesserte Beurteilung der Tumorstruktur. Dynamische Studien können zur Beurteilung des Ansprechens der präoperativen Chemotherapie beitragen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050052
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