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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Human pineal gland ; Pineal parenchymal tumors ; Ultrastructure ; Chromogranin A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have studied 20 pineal parenchymal tumors (PPT) and 4 normal or cystic pineal glands both by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry with antibodies against glial markers [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and protein S-100] or neural/neuroendocrine markers [neurofilaments (NF), synaptophysin and chromogranin A]. Light microscopy revealed the cellular organization of pinealocytes in the normal gland and in different morphological types of pineal tumors (typical pineocytomas, PPT with intermediate differentiation, mixed PPT exhibiting elements of both pineocytoma and pineoblastoma and pineoblastomas). Immunohistochemistry showed the presence of GFAP and protein S-100 in interstitial cells in non-neoplastic pineal gland. Cell processes were labeled with anti-synaptophysin and anti-NF antibodies. No immunoreactivity was found for chromogranin A in non-neoplastic pineal gland. In pineocytomas, GFAP and protein S-100 were observed in interstitial cells. Synaptophysin and NF were present in the large rosettes of pineocytomas. Synaptophysin, NF and chromogranin A were present in pineocytomas with a lobular arrangement of cells. Anti-chromogranin A immunoreactivity was also seen in lobular areas of some PPT with intermediate differentiation. Analysis of normal human pineal gland by electron microscopy showed the presence of vesicle-crowned rodlets (VCR or synaptic ribbons), fibrous filaments (F), paired twisted filaments but few dense-core vesicles (DCV) in normal pinealocytes. Tumoral pineal cells appeared to differentiate either towards a neurosensory pathway characterized by the presence of sensory cells elements (VCR and F), or towards a neuroendocrine pathway, with the occurrence of many DCV. Immunogold labeling demonstrated the presence of chromogranin A in neurosecretory granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: An antiserum raised to Torpedo electromotor synaptosomal membranes (anti-TSM antiserum) induces a cho-linergic-specific immune lysis of mammalian brain synap-tosomes and recognizes a group of minor gangliosides in mammalian brain. These minor gangliosides appeared, therefore, to be specific to the cholinergic neuron and were designated Chol-1. To confirm the cholinergic specificity of the Chol-1 gangliosidic antigens, we have shown that not only does a mammalian ganglioside fraction that is enriched with respect to the Chol-1 gangliosides inhibit the cholinergic-specific immune lysis induced by the anti-TSM antiserum, but also it can be used to affinity-purify a subpopulation of immunoglobulins from the anti-TSM antiserum that also induce a cholinergic-specific lysis. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that fimbrial lesions, which cause a massive degeneration of cholinergic terminals in the ipsilateral hippocampus, lead to a loss of the Chol-1 gangliosides concomitant with that shown by choline acetyl transferase activity and that lesions to the entorhinal cortex, which cause a loss of mainly glutamergic synapses in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus leading to cholinergic sprouting from adjacent hippocampal areas and an increase in cholinergic markers in the dentate gyrus, produce concomitant increases in choline acetyltransferase activity and Chol-1 content. These results provide strong evidence in favour of the cholinergic specificity of the Chol-1 gangliosides
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0248-4900
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Human pineal gland ; Pineal parenchymal tumors ; Ultrastructure ; Chromogranin A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have studied 20 pineal parenchymal tumors (PPT) and 4 normal or cystic pineal glands both by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry with antibodies against glial markers [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and protein S-100] or neural/neuroendocrine markers [neurofilaments (NF), synaptophysin and chromogranin A]. Light microscopy revealed the cellular organization of pinealocytes in the normal gland and in different morphological types of pineal tumors (typical pineocytomas, PPT with intermediate differentiation, mixed PPT exhibiting elements of both pineocytoma and pineoblastoma and pineoblastomas). Immunohistochemistry showed the presence of GFAP and protein S-100 in interstitial cells in nonneoplastic pineal gland. Cell processes were labeled with anti-synaptophysin and anti-NF antibodies. No immunoreactivity was found for chromogranin A in non-neoplastic pineal gland. In pineocytomas, GFAP and protein S-100 were observed in interstitial cells. Synaptophysin and NF were present in the large rosettes of pineocytomas. Synaptophysin, NF and chromogranin A were present in pineocytomas with a lobular arrangement of cells. Anti-chromogranin A immuno-reactivity was also seen in lobular areas of some PPT with intermediate differentiation. Analysis of normal human pineal gland by electron microscopy showed the presence of vesicle-crowned rodlets (VCR or synaptic ribbons), fibrous filaments (F), paired twisted filaments but few dense-core vesicles (DCV) in normal pinealocytes. Tumoral pineal cells appeared to differentiate either towards a neurosensory pathway characterized by the presence of sensory cells elements (VCR and F), or towards a neuroendocrine pathway, with the occurrence of many DCV. Immunogold labeling demonstrated the presence of chromogranin A in neurosecretory granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sulphoglycolipids ; Developmental regulation ; HNK-1 (monoclonal antibody) ; Torpedo marmorata (Elasmobranchii)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) have been raised against acidic glycolipids extracted from the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. One of these, designated L9, appears to recognize acidic glycolipids in adult T. marmorata electric organ, electromotor nerves and brain, adult rat sciatic nerve, and in embryonic and neonatal rat brain, starting at embryonic day (ED) 15 and disappearing by the 20th day of post-natal life. The epitope is present in growth cones isolated from 4-day-old rats; its proportion relative to total gangliosides is, however, no higher than that found in whole neonatal brain membranes. Desialidation of the acidic glycolipid fraction modifies neither the immunoreactivity nor the RF value following thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of the antigen; it is concluded that the antigen is not a ganglioside. The MAB, HNK-1, recognizes the L9 antigen. Both HNK-1 and L9 recognize a sulphoglycolipid of the same RF in TLC. The function of the L9 antigen is not known but its evolutionary conservation, presence in growth cones and its developmental regulation in the mammalian central nervous system indicate that it plays an important role in nervous system maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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