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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maturation of Thyroidal Dendritic Cells in Graves' Disease (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 55 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Because thyroidal dendritic cells (t-DC) may be implicated in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease (GD), we compared t-DC in thyroid sections of patients with GD (n = 15) and control patients with toxic (TG; n = 12) or non-toxic goitre (NG; n = 12). Goitres in GD, but not TG or NG, were populated with three discernible t-DC phenotypes. (i) Immature t-DC (major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II+/CD40–/CD80–) were located perifollicularly (95% of the patients with GD, but only 55% of TG and 51% of NG patients); numbers of such t-DC were significantly elevated in GD (P 〈 0.001). (ii) Partially matured CD80+ t-DC were present in connective tissue (73% of the patients) and focal interstitial clusters (40% of the patients). In 53% of the patients with GD, single as well as clustered interstitial t-DC expressed CD40. (iii) However, phenotypically mature t-DC (MHC II+/CD40+/CD80+/RFD1+) were only present in clusters and colocalized with activated CD4+/MHC class II+ T-helper (Th) cells. Expression of CD54 and CD83 did not significantly differ among the groups. The phenotype of intrathyroidal DC in GD thus supports their role as potential (co)stimulators of thyroid autoimmunity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01066.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatic retinopathy: morphological features of retinal glial (Müller) cells accompanying hepatic failure (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Ammonia ; Glia ; Retina ; Morphometry ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract More than 80 years ago, Alzheimer described changes in the brains of patients who had suffered hepatic failure. Astrocytes are primarily affected; their nuclei become swollen, their intermediate filament protein composition is altered and their cytoplasm becomes vacuolated. Cells with these features are called Alzheimer type II astrocytes and these changes have been attributed to the toxic effects of elevated ammonia levels. The present study investigates whether the dominant glia of another part of the central nervous system, the Müller cells of the retina, undergo similar changes. Retinae of patients who had died with symptoms of hepatic failure were processed for histology, histochemistry, and immunocytochemistry. Cell nuclei were measured from brain astrocytes (insula cortex), Müller cells, and retinal bipolar neurons. Hepatic failure resulted in the enlargement of nuclei in astrocytes and Müller cells, and the enhanced expression in Müller cells of glial fibrillary acidic protein, cathepsin D, and the β-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase (glial-p55). In some retinae, signs of gliosis were also observed. We conclude that increased levels of serum ammonia resulting from hepatic insufficiency cause changes in Müller cells that are similar to those seen in brain astrocytes. We term this condition hepatic retinopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296511
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatic retinopathy: morphological features of retinal glial (Müller) cells accompanying hepatic failure (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ammonia ; Glia ; Retina ; Morphometry ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract More than 80 years ago, Alzheimer described changes in the brains of patients who had suffered hepatic failure. Astrocytes are primarily affected; their nuclei become swollen, their intermediate filament protein composition is altered and their cytoplasm becomes vacuolated. Cells with these features are called Alzheimer type II astrocytes and these changes have been attributed to the toxic effects of elevated ammonia levels. The present study investigates whether the dominant glia of another part of the central nervous system, the Müller cells of the retina, undergo similar changes. Retinae of patients who had died with symptoms of hepatic failure were processed for histology, histochemistry, and immunocytochemistry. Cell nuclei were measured from brain astrocytes (insula cortex), Müller cells, and retinal bipolar neurons. Hepatic failure resulted in the enlargement of nuclei in astrocytes and Müller cells, and the enhanced expression in Müller cells of glial fibrillary acidic protein, cathepsin D, and the β-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase (glial-p55). In some retinae, signs of gliosis were also observed. We conclude that increased levels of serum ammonia resulting from hepatic insufficiency cause changes in Müller cells that are similar to those seen in brain astrocytes. We term this condition hepatic retinopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296511
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Randomized comparison of endoscopic palliation of malignant esophageal stenoses (1991)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 5 (1991), S. 63-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Endoscopic palliation ; Esophageal carcinoma ; Laser therapy ; Tube implantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a randomized study, palliative therapy of malignant esophageal and gastric stenosis was investigated by a comparison of endoscopic laser therapy (ELT) with palliative endoscopic pertubation (PEP). A total of 124 patients exhibiting a malignant stenosis in the esophagus and proximal stomach were referred to our unit between January 1, 1987, and March 31, 1990. Criteria for randomization were: (1) inoperable malignant stenosis, (2) dysphagia enabling the ingestion of semi-solid food, (3) the possibility of performing ELT and PEP, and (4) the absence of fistula formation. Only 40 patients met these criteria; the remaining 84 subjects were assigned to an escape group whose treatment consisted of ELT, PEP, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, transnasal feeding tube, radiotherapy, and endoscopic bougienage. We found no significant difference between ELT and PEP with regard to survival, food passage, or quality of life. We recommend the application of PEP in patients exhibiting advanced tumor disease and a poor general condition and favour the use of ELT combined with afterloading in patients with a life expectancy of ⩾3 months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316838
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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