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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of the H1-receptor antagonist dimethpyrindene and the H2-receptor antagonist burimamide on circulatory and respiratory parameters and on plasma histamine levels were tested in 21 mongrel dogs. Both drugs released histamine. The incidence for this effect was 10/11 in the case of dimethpyrindene and 5/10 in the case of burimamide. Following dimethpyrindene all animals showed arterial hypotension, pulmonal hypertension, decrease in peripheral resistance and hyperventilation. The portal venous pressure was increased in dogs reacting by a histamine release. Following burimamide both an initial arterial hypertension and a subsequent hypotension were observed the latter being more pronounced in the group with histamine release. In this group the portal venous pressure raised considerably. In the non-reacting animals cardiac output was elevated, probably due to a release of catecholamines. It seemed remarkable that the effect of exogenous histamine on portal venous pressure was completely blocked by dimethpyrindene, but not the action of histamine released by the drug itself. It is concluded that the effects of antihistaminic drugs on possibly histamine-induced physiological and pathophysiological processes should be interpreted very carefully as far as their specificity is concerned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion Due to the large number of parameters in this communication only one dose of histamine was investigated. This dose (6 μg/kg) was chosen because it caused short-acting but remarkable effects in the circulatory system and induced plasma histamine levels as high as found after administration of histamine releasers [8]. With this dose of histamine it could be shown that several effects of histamine in the circulatory system of dogs depended on the actual plasma histamine levels. H1- and H2-receptor antagonists applied separately from each other are able to block only few histamine effects in the circulatory system. They influence the circulatory reactions to histamine not only by acting on the receptors, but also by altering the actual plasma histamine levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. The concentration of 19 free amino acids, taurin and urea in blood plasma and the concentration of ammonia in whole blood was determined in 13 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and portocaval anastomosis. The first blood sample was taken in the morning after a nights fasting. There-after the patients received a meal of 4 g Aletosal=1 g of milk protein/kg body weight, suspended in water. A second sample was taken two hours later. 2. The values of 10 normal healthy persons and of 12 patients with cirrhosis of the liver with the same condition of the liver but not operated for portocaval anastomosis served as controls. The three groups of patients where investigated in the same manner. 3. The fasting values of glutamine, glutamic acid, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine and ammonia of the operated cirrhotics were significantly higher as in normals. Glutamine, methionine, phenylalanine and ammonia where significantly higher as in nonoperated cirrhotics. 4. Two hours after the protein meal the concentration of alanine, arginine, glutamine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine and valine, of total α-amino-N and ammonia was increased. There were no principal differences as compared with nonoperated cirrhotics. Glutamic acid and aspartic acid which were given in high quantity in the protein, did not increase. It seems, that they were used for ammonia binding. The plasma concentration of the amides was much increased. 5. The concentration of ammonia showed a loose correlation to the concentration of glutamine, methionine and tyrosine. The determination of glutamine reflects the capacity of ammonia binding in the periphery and permits to detect cases with only slightly increased amounts of ammonia. This procedure therefore could complete the routine ammonia determinations.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei 13 Patienten mit Lebercirrhose und operativ angelegter portocavaler Anastomose wurden 19 freie Plasmaaminosäuren, Taurin und Harnstoff mittels automatischer Elutionschromatographie sowie das Blutammoniak mittels eines genauen Diffusionsverfahrens quantitativ bestimmt. Das Blut wurde morgens am nüchternen Patienten entnommen. Danach bekamen die Versuchspersonen 4 g Aletosal, entsprechend 1 g Protein/kg Körpergewicht in Form eines Trockenmilchpräparates. Eine zweite Blutentnahme geschah 2 Std nach Einnahme der Mahlzeit. 2. Zum Vergleich dienten zwei vorher auf die gleiche Weise untersuchte, mit der gleichen Proteinmenge belastete Kollektive von 10 gesunden Versuchspersonen und von 12 Patienten mit Lebercirrhose gleichen Schweregrades ohne Anastomosenoperation. 3. Die Nüchternwerte von Glutamin, Glutaminsäure, Methionin, Phenylalanin, Threonin, Tyrosin sowie von Ammoniak waren bei operierten Lebercirrhotikern signifikant gegenüber den bei Normalpersonen gemessenen Werten erhöht. Gegenüber nicht operierten Lebercirrhotikern zeigten Glutamin, Methionin, Phenylalanin und Ammoniak eine signifikant höhere Konzentration. 4. Nach der Proteinmahlzeit stieg die Konzentration von Alanin, Arginin, Glutamin, Histidin, Isoleucin, Leucin, Lysin, Methionin, Ornithin, Phenylalanin, Prolin, Serin, Threonin, Tyrosin und Valin, sowie die des Gesamt-α-Aminostickstoffs und des Ammoniaks weiter erheblich an. Hier ergaben sich keine prinzipiellen Unterschiede zu nicht operierten Cirrhose-Patienten. Die in erheblicher Menge zugeführten Substanzen Glutaminsäure und Asparaginsäure stiegen nicht an, sondern wurden zur Kopplung mit Ammoniak benutzt und erschienen als Säureamide im Plasma. 5. Zwischen der Konzentration von Ammoniak und der Konzentration von Glutamin, Methionin und Tyrosin bestand nur eine lockere Beziehung. Die Glutaminbestimmung erlaubt insbesondere die Auslastung der ammoniakbindenden Kapazität der Peripherie zu beurteilen und auch kompensierte Fälle mit weniger erhöhten Ammoniakwerten zu erfassen. Sie könnte daher die zur Routinediagnostik benutzte Ammoniakbestimmung ergänzen.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 927-936 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Chirurgische Forschung ; Theoretischer Chirurg ; Klinischer Kontrollversuch ; Magenchirurgie ; Surgical research ; Theoretical surgeon ; Controlled clinical trial ; Gastric surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The organisation of surgical research in Marburg is an experiment which has run for five-years and war carried out in attempt to establish a cooperation between clinical and theoretical surgeons (scientists in basic research). The experiment was started 1970 by creating a Division of Experimental Surgery and Pathological Biochemistry at the Surgery Clinic of the University. Structures and functions in this experiment were 6 small working teams, special services for the teams and for the whole Department of Surgery as well as a training programme in surgical research for theoretical surgeons. Success and failure in the experiment were evaluated by criteria testing three principal functions of surgical research: Training of clinical and theoretical surgeons in methods and techniques of surgical research, performance of controlled clinical trials and basic research in surgery. The early results of the Marburg experiment seem to be promising.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Organisation der chirurgischen Forschung in Marburg ist ein Experiment, das seit fünf Jahren läuft und versucht, eine Kooperation zwischen klinischen und theoretischen Chirurgen zu installieren. Das Experiment wurde 1970 mit der Gründung einer Abteilung für Experimentelle Chirurgie und pathologische Biochemie an der chirurgischen Universitätsklinik begonnen. Strukturen und Funktionen in dem Experiment waren 6 „kleine Arbeitsgruppen“, spezielle Dienstleistungen für diese Gruppen und die gesamte Klinik und ein Ausbildungsprogramm für theoretische Chirurgen. Die Beurteilung von Erfolgen und Fehlleistungen bei dem Experiment erfolgte nach Kriterien, die drei Grundfunktionen chirurgischer Forschung prüfen sollten: (1) Ausbildung von klinischen und theoretischen Chirurgen in Methoden und Techniken chirurgischer Forschung, (2) Durchführung kontrollierter, klinischer Studien und (3) Grundlagenforschung in der Chirurgie. Die Frühergebnisse des Marburger Experiments erscheinen hoffnungsvoll.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Prospective study ; selective vagotomy ; pyloroplasty ; antrectomy (BI or BII) ; choice of surgical treatment ; secretory tests ; Prospektive Studie ; selektive Vagotomie ; Pyloroplastik ; Antrektomie (BI oder BII) ; Operationsauswahl ; Sekretionsteste
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine prospektive, kontrollierte Studie über eine standardisierte Operationsauswahl und Operationstechnik der selektiven Vagotomie wurde an 65 Patienten mit kompliziertem und unkompliziertem chronischem Duodenalulcus durchgeführt. Operationstechnik, Ziel, Vorbereitung und Durchführung der Studie, Operateure und Nachuntersucher, Patientenauswahl und die Methoden der Nachuntersuchung werden im Detail beschrieben. In einem Zeitraum von 6–12 Monaten postoperativ wurden 60 Patienten nachuntersucht, 4 Patienten waren verstorben, 1 Patient nicht auffindbar. Die operative Letalität betrug 0%, intra- und postoperative Komplikationen wurden bei 2 bzw. 15% der Patienten beobachtet, 2 Rezidive wurden festgestellt. Das klinische Allgemeinbefinden war bei 85% der Patienten gut, bei 93% befriedigend. Leichte Diarrhoen wurden bei 8%, schwere in keinem Fall beobachtet. Dumping trat dagegen in 30% der Fälle auf, war aber immer nur geringfügig. Positive Insulinteste nach verschärften Hollander-Kriterien wurden in 27% der Fälle gefunden. Die Basalsekretion wurde um 83–98% reduziert, die mit Pentagastrin maximal stimulierte Sekretion um 51% nach Vagotomie und Pyloroplastik, um 87% nach Vagotomie und distaler Antrektomie (BI) und um 95% nach Vagotomie und Antrektomie (BII). Die vorgelegte prospektive Studie stellt den ersten Teil einer Untersuchung dar, die zur Beurteilung verschiedener Vagotomieformen in der chirurgischen Therapie des chronischen Duodenalulcus herangezogen werden soll. Die Frühergebnisse dieser Studie rechtfertigen aber vorläufig die Empfehlung einer individuellen Anwendung der selektiven Vagotomie in Kombination mit Drainageoperation oder Antrektomie.
    Notes: Summary A prospective, controlled study on a standardized selection procedure of patients for the surgical treatment and on a standardized operation technique of selective vagotomy was carried out with 65 patients suffering from chronical uncomplicated or complicated duodenal ulcer. The operation technique, the aim, preparation and performance of the study, the designation of operators and investigators for the follow-up, the selection of patients for surgical treatment as well as the methods for measuring pre- and postoperatively various clinical and clinical chemical parameters are described in detail. The first follow-up was performed 6 to 12 months following surgical treatment in 60 patients. 4 patients died in the meantime, 1 patient could not be controlled because of an unknown new address. The operative mortality was 0%, intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed in 2 and 15% of the patients, whereas recurrent ulcers were found in 2 cases. The overall assessment of the clinical condition according to a modified classification of Visick was good in 85% and satisfactory in 93% of the patients. Mild diarrhoea was observed in 8%, severe diarrhoea in none and mild dumping in 30% of the patients. Positive insulin tests according to the criteria of Hollander were observed in 27% of the cases, but only in 7% were there early positive tests according to Ross and Kay. Depending on the drainage procedure, the basal secretion was reduced by 83–98%, the pentagastrin stimulated maximum secretion by 51–95%. This prospective controlled study was a preliminary investigation completed by another trial, in which two operative techniques for the treatment of chronical duodenal ulcer will be compared. The early results of our study, however, are in favour of the concept of an individually adapted treatment with selective vagotomy in duodenal ulcer.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 1075-1079 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Pneumococcal sepsis ; Postsplenectomy ; Splenic tissue ; Splenosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A fatal case of overwhelming postsplenectomy pneumococcal sepsis is presented occurring in a 37-year-old female 11 years after removal of the spleen because of traumatic rupture. The patient died 11 h after admission to hospital and about 32 h after sudden onset of illness. At necropsy splenic tissue, splenosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and thrombi within the arterioles consisting of gram-positive cocci and adrenal hemorrhage were found. The clinical, laboratory, and postmortem findings are described. Reports had been published of 41 other cases of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI) in patients aged 20 years ore more, but only three of these cases of OPSI syndrome occurred in spite of remaining splenic tissue. The longest interval between extirpation of spleen and subsequent sepsis was 42 years, indicating a small but lifelong risk of severe infection in asplenic patients. In view of the literature, the role of spleen in infection defence, the splenic function in blood clearance, and the prevention of postsplenectomy infections by antibiotical prophylaxis, pneumococcal vaccine, and reimplantation of autochthonous splenic tissue or infrared contact coagulation are discussed.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Plasma histamine ; operations ; anaesthesia ; plasma substitutes ; acute gastro intestinal ulcers ; Plasmahistaminspiegel ; Operationen ; Narkose ; Blutersatzmittel ; Streßulcus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Histaminkonzentrationen in Plasma, Vollblut und verschiedenen Geweben von Mensch. Affe, Schwein und Hund wurden vor, während und nach Operationen mit fluorometrischen Methoden gemessen. nach intraabdominellen eingriffen wurden bei 6 von 22 Patienten erhöhte Plasmahistaminspiegel noch Stunden nach der Operation gefunden. Als Ursachen der Histaminfreisetzung bei Operationen wurden nachgewiesen: Prämedikation durch Atropin, Anästhesieeinleitung mit intravenös verabreichten Kurznarkotika, Infusion von Plasmasubstituten und Manipulationen am Darm. Akuter Blutverlust war ohne Einfluß auf die Plasmahistaminspiegel. Klinische Symptome und pathophysiologische Reaktionen, wie Tachykardie, arterielle Hypotension, erhöhte Magensekretion und anaphylaktoide Reaktionen konnten auf Histaminfreisetzung unter bestimmten Umständen zurückgeführt werden.
    Notes: Summary Histamine concentrations in plasma, whole blood and various tissues of human subjects, monkeys, pigs and dogs were determined by fluorometric methods before, during and after surgical operations. Following intraabdominal surgery in 6 of 22 patients elevated plasma histamine levels were found several hours after the end of operation. Some of the causes of histamine release in surgery were found to be premedication by atropine, intravenously administered anaesthetics, infusion of plasma substitutes and manipulation on the gut. Acute blood losses were without effect on the plasma histamine levels. Clinical symptoms and pathophysiological reactions, such as tachycardia, hypotension, increased gastric secretion and anaphylactoid reactions could be related to the release of histamine in some circumstances.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 901-902 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 295 (1960), S. 890-893 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Colorectal anastomoses ; Low anterior resection ; EEA stapler ; Colorectale Anastomosen ; ≫Low anterior Resektion≪ ; EEA-Stapler
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 91 mit der EEA-Nahtpistole erstellten und prospektiv analysierten Colon- und Rectumanastomosen (darunter 71 Carcinomträger, $$\bar x = 71$$ Jahre alt, 16 Diverticulitiden, $$\bar x = 55$$ Jahre alt) ergaben sich folgende Resultate: 4% intraoperative Anastomosendehiscenzen wurden sofort übernäht. Eine Blutung konnte sofort operativ durch eine erneute EEA-Anastomose behoben werden. Wundheilungsstörungen (Abscesse, Serome) ergaben sich in 11%. Röntgenologisch nachweisbare Nahtdehiscenzen und Fisteln in 18 % hatten nur in 7% ein klinisches Korrelat. Patienten mit röntgenologisch nachweisbaren relativen Stenosen (11%) wiesen nur in 1% temporär klinische Symptome auf. Durch operativ technisch bedingte Komplikationen verloren wir keinen Patienten. Besonders geeignet ist die Nahtpistole für Resektionen mit einer Anastomosenhöhe von 3–5cm.
    Notes: Summary The following results were obtained in 91 colon and rectum anastomoses (71 cases of carcinoma, $$\bar x = 71$$ years, 16 cases of diverticulitis, $$\bar x = 55$$ years). During the operation 4% anastomotic dehiscences occurred, which were immediately oversewed. One case of anastomotic bleeding could be remedied immediately by renewed anastomosis. Healing was impaired (abscesses, seromas) in 11%. Suture dehsicences were demonstrable by X-ray on the 8th–12th day in 18%, but only in 7% was there a clinical correlation. Patients with relative stenoses that were demonstrable by X-ray (11%) showed temporary clinical symptoms in only 1%. We lost no patients as a result of operative complications. From the standpoint of manageability, the EEA stapler is particularly suitable for low resections with an anastomosis in the lowest part of the rectum.
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