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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential Temporal Kinetics of Atropine at Central Nervous System versus Cardiac Effect Sites (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 618 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb27291.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopamine Receptor Sensitivity Changes with Chronic Stimulants (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 537 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb42116.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STIMULANTS: INTERACTION WITH CLINICALLY RELEVANT DRUGS (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 281 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb27948.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid Chromatographic Assay and Pharmacokinetics of Quazepam and Its Metabolites Following Sublingual Administration of Quazepam (1988)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 5 (1988), S. 365-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: quazepam ; metabolites ; reversed phase ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; solid-phase extraction ; plasma ; sublingual ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method is described for simultaneous quantification of quazepam, and two of its metabolites, 2-oxoquazepam and N-desalkyl-2-oxoquazepam. The method uses a solid-phase extraction procedure to prepare plasma samples. After extraction, the methanolic extract is evaporated; the residue is then reconstituted in a small volume of mobile phase and chromatographed. The total chromatography time for a single sample is about 20 min. A sensitivity of 1 ng/ml for quazepam and its metabolites is attained when 1 ml of plasma is extracted. Analytical recovery of quazepam and its metabolites added to plasma ranged from 87 to 96%. The maximum within-day and day-to-day coefficients of variation for each compound at concentrations of 20 and 60 ng/ml were 7.6 and 11.2%, respectively. The method was applied to sublingual pharmacokinetic studies of quazepam in healthy volunteers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015907611170
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroanatomical substrates of depression in the elderly (1993)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 243 (1993), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Basal ganglia ; Depression ; Subcortical hyperintensities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The etiology of depression in the elderly is poorly understood. In this study, magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate the role of subcortical structures in the pathophysiology of depression in the elderly. Elderly depressed patients were found to have smaller caudate nuclei, smaller putaminal complexes and in increased frequency of subcortical hyperintensities compared with normal, healthy controls. These findings were more pronounced in patients with lateonset depression. Based on these findings, the authors discuss the role of the basal ganglia in the pathophysiology of depression in the elderly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02191522
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-related increase in CNS sensitivity to benzodiazepines as assessed by task difficulty (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 101 (1990), S. 90-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Alprazolam ; Triazolam ; Age differences ; Task difficulty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The differential sensitivity of young and elderly healthy adults to the impairment effects of benzodiazepines was assessed by tasks with several levels of difficulty. Using a double-blind procedure, single doses of placebo, alprazolam (0.75 and 1.5 mg) and triazolam (0.25 and 0.5 mg) were ingested orally by 10 young men, 9 young women, 7 elderly men, and 10 elderly women. Order of drug administration was determined by a random Latin square design. Different versions of the subcritical tracking and digit symbol substitution tasks were characterized by three difficulty levels. Assessments of task performance were conducted at varying intervals for 7 h after drug administration. Both drugs induced a rapid initial onset of impairment in the two age groups. Evidence of increased drug sensitivity in the elderly was provided by the more prolonged duration of the pharmacologic effect in the older than young subjects, especially for the harder versions of the SCT and DSS tasks. In summary, the data provide support for the hypothesis of an age-related decline in the adaptive capacity to inhibit adverse drug effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245796
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conditioned aversion to a preferred solution following methamphetamine injections (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 29 (1973), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Methamphetamine ; Rat ; Conditioned Aversion ; Saccharin Solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Holtzman (Sprague-Dawley) rats which were injected in amounts ranging from 0.50–3.0 mg/kg i.p. of methamphetamine avoided a 0.1% saccharin solution which had been paired temporally with the injection, and drank water in a subsequent two-bottle choice situation under non-drug conditions. The aversion persisted for the duration of the experiment, which lasted and obtained whether the animals were fluid-deprived or fluid-satiated. Saline-injected controls, on the other hand, exhibited a 90% saccharin solution preference. Rats which received 0.25 mg/kg contiguous with the drug, or animals given 3.0 mg/kg paired with water, exhibited as extreme a preference for the saccharin solution as did the saline controls. It was concluded that neither a drugmediated taste quality change nor physiological cues associated with thirst were adequate axplanations for the avoidance behavior exhibited, but that the drug was perceived as a noxious stimulus at levels above 0.50 mg/kg under the conditions described above.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414040
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Profile of acute tolerance to three sedative anxiolytics (1983)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 79 (1983), S. 137-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Acute tolerance ; Peak impairment ; Sedative anxiolytics ; Plasma concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acute tolerance, defined as a decreasing drug effect relative to drug-plasma levels (DPL) over a period of minutes to a few hours, is pronounced following single doses of diazepam or pentobarbital. Both of these lipid-soluble drugs produce an early peak behavioral impairment and subsequent rapid recovery component that is followed by a much slower blood-drug rise time. These pronounced early peak effects were not shared by alcohol, and contribute significantly to the lack of correlation between impairment and DPL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427800
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altered cocaine potency in the nucleus accumbens following 7-day withdrawal from intermittent but not continuous treatment: voltammetric assessment of dopamine uptake in the rat (1998)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 137 (1998), S. 303-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Cocaine ; Endogenous dopamine ; Caged-dopamine ; Uptake inhibition ; Nucleus accumbens ; Voltammetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using in vitro fast scan cyclic voltammetry, we measured cocaine potency for inhibiting dopamine uptake/clearance in accumbens slices 7 days after withdrawal from chronic cocaine pretreatments. Rats were pretreated with 40 mg/kg per day for 14 days, either via continuous osmotic minipumps or by once-daily injections. The cocaine potency was subsequently assessed for endogenous and exogenous dopamine applied via single-pulse electrical stimulation and caged-dopamine photolysis, respectively. Under baseline conditions, no differences in either endogenous or exogenous dopamine kinetics were observed in the two cocaine pretreatment groups. In contrast, the potency of bath-applied cocaine for inhibiting endogenous dopamine uptake was enhanced in the intermittent injection group with no change in the continuous infusion group. The selective increase in the cocaine potency following injections was also demonstrable for clearance of photo-applied DA. The enhanced cocaine potency in the accumbens slices following 7 days of withdrawal is consistent with the residual sensitization to cocaine-induced locomotion following daily cocaine injections. Behavioral tolerance following continuous infusion, on the other hand, may be mediated via a mechanism distinct from altered dopamine uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050623
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of reserpine on concurrent repeated administration of d-amphetamine (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 82 (1984), S. 327-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Reserpine ; Dextroamphetamine ; Stereotypy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The augmentation of the rat stereotypy response with repeated amphetamine doses, put forward as a model of human amphetamine psychosis, was examined during concurrent reserpinization. The effects of reserpinization, amphetamine treatment, and amphetamine dose on four dependent variables representing the time course of stereotypy ratings after a post-treatment amphtamine dose, were tested by three-way MANOVA. An earlier onset of stereotypy, as occurred in nonreserpinized rats, was not detected in reserpinized rats, but an earlier offset of stereotypy with repeated amphetamine occurred in these rats when high amphetamine doses were used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427679
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