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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hyper-resistance to nitrogen mustard in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is caused by defective choline transport (1991)
    Springer
    Current genetics 19 (1991), S. 423-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; Molecular cloning ; Nitrogen mustard hyper-resistance ; Choline transport
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The recessive hnm1 mutant allele is responsible for hyper-resistance to nitrogen mustard in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Transformation with a single-copy HNM1 wild-type allele of such hyper-resistant mutants will restore wild-type sensitivity to nitrogen mustard. By contrast the presence of multi-copy vectors containing HNM1, in either a hyper-resistant hnm1 mutant or an HNM1 wild-type, will lead to a novel, mustard-sensitive phenotype unrelated to defects in DNA repair genes. Gene disruption of HNM1 revealed that this gene is nonessential for cells prototrophic for choline (CHO1) but lethal for cells with a cho1 genotype. Sensitivity to nitrogen mustard of wild-type HNM1, but not of hnm1 mutants, depends on the choline content of the growth medium, with cells grown in choline-free medium exhibiting the highest sensitivity. Sequencing of a 300 bp DNA fragment of HNM1 revealed the identity of this gene with the CTR locus, which is responsible for choline transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312732
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The SNQ3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae confers hyper-resistance to several functionally unrelated chemicals (1991)
    Springer
    Current genetics 19 (1991), S. 429-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Mutagen hyper-resistance ; Yeast ; Base sequence ; Gene disruption
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A multi-copy plasmid containing the SNQ3 gene confers hyper-resistance to 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO), Trenimon, MNNG, cycloheximide, and to sulfometuron methyl in yeast transformants. Restriction analysis, subcloning, and DNA sequencing revealed an open reading frame of 1950 bp on the SNQ3-containing insert DNA. Gene disruption and transplacement into chromosomal DNA yielded 4NQO-sensitive null mutants which were also more sensitive than the wild-type to Trenimon, cycloheximide, sulfometuron methyl, and MNNG. Hydropathic analysis showed that the SNQ3-encoded protein is most likely not membrane-bound, while the codon bias index points to low expression of the gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312733
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A recessive mutant allele of the HNM1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is responsible for hyper-resistance to nitrogen mustard (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 18 (1990), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Mutagen hyper-resistance ; Nitrogen mustard ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A screening of haploid yeast strains for enhanced resistance to nitrogen mustard (HN2) yielded a recessive mutant allele, hnm1, that conferred hyper-resistance (HYR) to HN2. Diploids, homo- or heterozygous for the HNM1 locus, exhibit normal wild-type like resistance while homozygosity for hnm1 leads to the phenotype HYR to HN2. The hnm1 mutation could be found in yeast strains proficient or deficient in different DNA repair systems. In these mostly HN2-sensitive haploid repair-deficient mutants, hnm1 acted as a partial suppressor of HN2 sensitivity. All isolated recessive mutations conferring hyper-resistance belonged to a single complementations group. The HYR to HN2 phenotype was maximally expressed in growing cells and was associated with reduced mutability by HN2. HNM1 most probably controls uptake of HN2 which would be impaired in the hnm1 mutants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318378
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation and characterization of additional genes influencing resistance to various mutagens in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1992)
    Springer
    Current genetics 21 (1992), S. 319-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Multi-copy plasmid ; Hyper-resistance ; 4-NQO ; MNNG ; Triaziquone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Screening of a multi-copy vector-based yeast genomic library in haploid cells of wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae yielded transformants hyper-resistant to various chemical mutagens. Genetical analysis of the yeast insert DNAs revealed three genes SNG1, SNQ2, and SNQ3 that confer the phenotype hyper-resistance to MNNG, to 4-NQO and triaziquone, and to mutagens 4-NQO, MNNG, and triaziquone, respectively. Integration of the gene disruption-constructs into the haploid yeast genome yielded viable null-mutants with a mutagen-sensitive phenotype. Thus, copy number of these non-essential yeast genes determines the relative resistance to certain chemical mutagens, with zero copies yielding a phenotype of mutagen sensitivity and multiple copies one of mutagen hyper-resistance, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351689
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation of yeast mutants sensitive to the bifunctional alkylating agent nitrogen mustard (1981)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 181 (1981), S. 346-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with enhanced sensitivity to the DNA cross-linking agent nitrogen mustard (HN2) have been isolated and partially characterized with respect to their phenotypic and genetic properties. The screening technique, based on HN2-sensitivity as sole criterion, yields approximately 1 sensitive isolate in 200 clones when applied to an intensively mutagenized population of a resistant parent strain. Mutants characterized so far are all due to recessive nuclear genes and represent at least seven complementation groups. They exhibit different degrees as well as different patterns of sensitivity towards monofunctional and bifunctional alkylating agents, and ultraviolet light.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425609
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic characterization of hyperresistance to formaldehyde and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 211 (1988), S. 260-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Mutagen resistance ; Yeast ; Formaldehyde ; 4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide ; Multi-copy plasmids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The hyperresistance to 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO) and formaldehyde (FA) of yeast strains transformed with the multi-copy plasmids pAR172 and pAR184, respectively, is due to the two genes, SNQ and SFA, which are present on these plasmids. Restriction analysis revealed the maximal size of SFA as 2.7 kb and of SNQ as 2.2 kb, including transcription control elements. The presence of the smallest 2.7 kb subclone carrying SFA increased hyperresistance to formaldehyde fivefold over that of the original pAR184 isolate. No such increase in hyperresistance to 4-NQO was seen with the smaller subclones of the pAR172 isolate. Disruption of the SFA gene led to a threefold increase in sensitivity to FA as compared with the wild type. Expression of gene SNQ introduced on a multi-copy vector into haploid yeast mutants rad2, rad3, and snm1 did not complement these mutations that block excision repair.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330602
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gene SNQ2 of Saccharomyces cerevislae, which confers resistance to 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide and other chemicals, encodes a 169 kDa protein homologous to ATP-dependent permeases (1993)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 236 (1993), S. 214-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Mutagen hyper-resistance ; 4-nitroquinolineN-oxide ; Yeast ; ATP-dependent permease
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The yeast gene SNQ2 confers hyper-resistance to the mutagens 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO) and Triaziquone, as well as to the chemicals sulphomethuron methyl and phenanthroline when present in multiple copies in transformants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Subcloning and sequencing of a 5.5 kb yeast DNA fragment revealed that SNQ2 has an open reading frame of 4.5 kb. The putative encoded polypeptide of 1501 amino acids has a predicted molecular weight of 169 kDa and has several hydrophobic regions. Northern analysis showed a transcript of 5.5 kb. Haploid cells with a disrupted SNQ2 reading frame are viable. The SNQ2-encoded protein has domains believed to be involved in ATP binding and is likely to be membrane associated. It most probably serves as an ATP-dependent permease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00277115
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular cloning of SNM1, a yeast gene responsible for a specific step in the repair of cross-linked DNA (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 218 (1989), S. 64-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; DNA repair ; Cross-link ; Transposon mapping ; Nitrogen mustard
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary We have isolated yeast gene SNM1 via complementation of sensitivity towards bi- and tri-functional alkylating agents in haploid and diploid yeast DNA repair-deficient snm1-1 mutants. Four independent clones of plasmid DNA containing the SNM1 locus were isolated after transformation with a YEp24-based yeast gene bank. Subcloned SNM1-containing DNA showed (i) complementation of the repair-deficiency phenotype caused by either one of the two different mutant alleles snm1-1 and snm1-2 ts; (ii) complementation in haploid and diploid yeast snm1-1 mutants by either single or multiple copies of the SNM1 locus; and (iii) that the SNM1 gene is at most 2.4 kb in size. Expression of SNM1 on the smallest subclone, however, was under the control of the GAL1 promotor. Gene size and direction of transcription was further verified by mutagenesis of SNM1 by Tn10-LUK transposon insertion. Five plasmids containing Tn10-LUK insertions at different sites of the SNM1-containing DNA were able to disrupt function of genomic SNM1 after gene transplacement. Correct integration of the disrupted SNM1::Tn10-LUK at the genomic site of SNM1 was verified via tetrad analysis of the sporulated diploid obtained after mating of the SNM1::Tn10-LUK transformant to a haploid strain containing the URA3 SNM1 wild-type alleles. The size of the poly(A)+ RNA transcript of the SNM1 gene is 1.1 kb as determined by Northern analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330566
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