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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bases anatomiques du lambeau myocutané du m. grand dorsal; applications cliniques (1989)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 11 (1989), S. 5-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02087057
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible role of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling in auroral arc generation (2000)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 18 (2000), S. 1108-1117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (auroral ionosphere) ; Magnetospheric physics (auroral phenomena; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Three models for the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling feedback instability are considered. The first model is based on demagnetization of hot ions in the plasma sheet. The instability takes place in the global magnetosphere-ionosphere system when magnetospheric electrons drift through a spatial gradient of hot magnetospheric ion population. Such a situation exists on the inner and outer edges of the plasma sheet where relatively cold magnetospheric electrons move earthward through a radial gradient of hot ions. This leads to the formation of field-aligned currents. The effect of upward field-aligned current on particle precipitation and the magnitude of ionospheric conductivity leads to the instability of this earthward convection and to its division into convection streams oriented at some angle with respect to the initial convection direction. The growth rate of the instability is maximum for structures with sizes less than the ion Larmor radius in the equatorial plane. This may lead to formation of auroral arcs with widths about 10 km. This instability explains many features of such arcs, including their conjugacy in opposite hemispheres. However, it cannot explain the very high growth rates of some auroral arcs and very narrow arcs. For such arcs another type of instability must be considered. In the other two models the instability arises because of the generation of Alfven waves from growing arc-like structures in the ionospheric conductivity. One model is based on the modulation of precipitating electrons by field-aligned currents of the upward moving Alfven wave. The other model takes into consideration the reflection of Alfven waves from a maximum in the Alfven velocity at an altitude of about 3000 km. The growth of structures in both models takes place when the ionization function associated with upward field-aligned current is shifted from the edges of enhanced conductivity structures toward their centers. Such a shift arises because the structures move at a velocity different from the E × B drift. Although both models may work, the growth rate for the model, based on the modulation of the precipitating accelerated electrons, is significantly larger than that of the model based on the Alfven wave reflection. This mechanism is suitable for generation of auroral arcs with widths of about 1 km and less. The growth rate of the instability can be as large as 1 s-1, and this mechanism enables us to justify the development of auroral arcs only in one ionosphere. It is hardly suitable for excitation of wide and conjugate auroral arcs, but it may be responsible for the formation of small-scale structures inside a wide arc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-1108-5
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomical basis of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap: clinical applications (1989)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 11 (1989), S. 197-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cette étude anatomique a été réalisée sur 40 cadavres conservés. Elle a comporté des dissections et des angiographies après injections artérielles de latex. Les résultats ont montré que la vascularisation dominante était assurée par l'a. thoraco-dorsale qui a un schéma de distribution constant à l'intérieur du muscle. De plus, il existe 2 autres types de pédicules segmentaires qui proviennent des vaisseaux intercostaux et lombaires et qui vascularisent le tiers interne du muscle. La localisation précise de la distribution intramusculaire de l'a. thoraco-dorsale permet d'envisager plusieurs lambeaux en îlot avec une vascularisation fiable. Les lambeaux ainsi désignés ont été réalisés avec succès dans 10 cas de reconstruction du sein, de la paroi thoracique, de la fosse axilaire et du cou.
    Notes: Summary The anatomical study was carried out using 40 preserved cadaveric specimens of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps. It included dissections, angiographies and tissue clearing after arterial injection with latex. The results proved that the dominant vascular supply, the thoracodorsal a., has an almost constant pattern of intramuscular distribution. In addition, there are two sets of segmental pedicles, from the intercostal and lumbar vessels, supplying the medial third of the muscle. The accurate localization of the intramuscular distribution of the thoracodorsal a. permitted the proper design of several island flaps with competent vascularity. The designed flaps were successfully applied in 10 cases for reconstruction of breast, axilla, neck and chest wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02337821
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dynamics of the dissociative adsorption of alkanes on Ir(110) (1987)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 86 (1987), S. 6506-6514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dissociative adsorption of C1–C4 alkanes on Ir(110)–(1×2) was investigated using supersonic molecular beam techniques. Three regimes of reactivity were observed. At incident kinetic energies less than 100 kJ/mol the dissociative adsorption probability for propane and butane increased to about 0.6 with both decreasing surface temperature and decreasing translational energy of the incident molecule suggesting that activation occured via trapping of the alkane on the surface. At kinetic energies below 110 kJ/mol for butane, 90 kJ/mol for propane, 60 kJ/mol for ethane, 40 kJ/mol for methane, and at elevated surface temperatures the reaction probabilities for alkanes were independent of surface temperature and translational energy, but increased significantly with the molecular weight or carbon chain length of the incident alkane. This behavior indicates an unactivated reaction channel for each species except methane. At kinetic energies above 110 kJ/mol for butane, 90 kJ/mol for propane, 60 kJ/mol for ethane, and 40 kJ/mol for methane the initial dissociative sticking probability increased with increasing translational energy and was independent of surface temperature, indicating direct translational activation of the incident alkane. The translational energy required to activate the incident alkane via this channel increased with carbon number or molecular weight, indicative of energy transfer processes that dissipate energy in the reactive collision. The dissipative transfer of translational energy out of the reactive channel via a hard cube collision with the surface accounts qualitatively for the increase in the apparent activation barrier with increasing molecular weight in this activated channel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.452442
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The X-ray structure analysis of bis-2,2',N,N'-bipyridyl ketone cobalt(III) nitrate dihydrate
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Inorganica Chimica Acta 210 (1993), S. 173-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-1693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0020-1693(00)83324-1
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of n-butane with translational energy on Ir(110)–(1×2) (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 85 (1986), S. 7494-7495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The initial activation probability s0 for reactive dissociation of n-butane on Ir(110)–(1×2) exhibits at least two reaction channels. For one the direct collisional activation probability is at least 0.21 independent of incident kinetic energy, increasing to near 0.7 with decreasing surface temperature and kinetic energy of the incident beam of butane as a result of trapping of the species in the molecule–surface potential well. At kinetic energies above 120 kJ/mol the reaction probability again increases due to the onset of an activated route. Comparison to the results obtained with ethane suggests that energy transfer to the surface dissipates energy in the collision so that less energy is available to penetrate the longer range repulsive barrier in order to form carbon–metal and hydrogen–metal bonds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.451342
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sublimation of Higher Fullerenes and Their Interaction with Silicon (100) Surface (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 16736-16741 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100045a038
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interferometric determination of optical anisotropy in fibers III multilayer fibers (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 4480-4484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mathematical formulas are modified for the shape of two-beam interference fringes crossing a cylindrical multilayer fiber to determine the refractive indices and birefringence at the boundary of layers across the fiber diameter. An equation is also derived to calculate the parts of cross-sectional areas of the fiber layers. A polarizing interference microscope is used to determine the variation of refractive indices and birefringence at any point across the diameter of polyester and nylon fibers. Two fibers are used for each measurement. The first fiber is of known mean refractive index and dispersion properties. The other fiber is of unknown values of refractive indices of fiber layers. The calculations are carried out with both line and area methods using the derived mathematical formulas. Illustrations are given by microinterferograms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349081
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nonlinear description of a plasma maser (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 2051-2057 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A plasma–microwave system was proposed by one of the authors for the production of microwave radiation. The device exploits the electromagnetic instabilities of nonequilibrium plasmas. During single-mode operation of the plasma maser, the resonant particles become trapped and cease to radiate before a substantial fraction of the energy available could be extracted from the plasma in the form of radiation. (This is not true for multimode operation. During multimode operation, the total energy available is distributed over a large number of resonant lines and the amplitudes of the various frequency components of the waves are not at all large enough to cause particle trapping and subsequently saturation. Thus, the linear theory remains valid until the anisotropy disappears due to radiation.) One should, therefore, consider the interaction of the bulk plasma with the nonresonant monochromatic electromagnetic wave in order to estimate the total energy transferred from the plasma to the wave. In the framework of the linear treatment, due to the resonant nature of the instability considered in previous work by one of the authors, the transfer of energy from the nonresonant plasma to the wave is zero. Consequently, the efficiency of the device during single-mode operation can only be evaluated after considering the nonlinear evolution of the plasma–microwave system. In this paper we describe in some details the nonlinear evolution of the plasma–wave system using a single particle analysis. The current density J is calculated using the second moment of the particle distribution function (evaluated using Liouville's theorem of conservation of phase space density along particle orbits), and the energy balance equation is solved numerically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346556
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of optical damage mechanisms in hafnia and silica thin films using pairs of subnanosecond laser pulses with variable time delay (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 1204-1208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical damage thresholds of submicron-thick, electron beam deposited HfO2 and SiO2 films on BK-7 substrates have been measured by monitoring the emission of neutral constituents during excitation with time-delayed pairs of 70-ps laser pulses at a wavelength of 1064 nm. The dependence of the optical damage threshold on time delay provides evidence of the optical damage mechanism. For SiO2, linear absorption is the mechanism for energy deposition into the films by the laser beams. The data for HfO2 are less definitive, although linear absorption is the most likely damage mechanism. The behavior of the single-layer films is compared to multilayer HfO2-SiO2 high-reflector coatings, for which a "conditioning'' effect causes an increased optical damage threshold due to multiple pulse laser excitation at fluences below the single-pulse optical damage threshold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351288
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