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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation of 3-chlorodibenzofuran by Pseudomonas sp. HH69 (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 81 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: The dibenzofuran-degrading bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. HH69 showed high oxidative activity towards 3-chlorodibenzofuran (3CDF). During the co-metabolic turnover of 3CDF large amounts of 4-chlorosalicylate and temporarily small amounts of salicylate were excreted. Simultaneously a yellow colour appeared due to the excretion of two polar products. Conversion of 3CDF by a mutant, derived from Pseudomonas sp. HH69 and defective in 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl-1,2-dioxygenase led to the formation of equal quantities of 4′-chloro-2,2′,3-trihydroxybiphenyl (4′ CTHBP) and 4-chloro-2,2′,3-trihydroxybiphenyl (4CTHBP). Crude extracts of the wild type transformed 4′ CTHBP to 4-chlorosalicylate, whilst 4CTHBP was transformed to salicylate. Hence, we propose a non-selective initial attack on both aromatic rings of 3CDF and a degradative pathway for the resulting chlorotrihydroxybiphenyls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04706.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial community response to petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in the unsaturated zone at the experimental field site Værløse, Denmark (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 48 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study investigates the influence of petroleum hydrocarbons on a microbial community in the vadose zone under field conditions. An artificial hydrocarbon mixture consisting of volatile and semi-volatile compounds similar to jet-fuel was emplaced in a previously uncontaminated vadose zone in nutrient-poor glacial melt water sand. The experiment included monitoring of microbial parameters and CO2 concentrations in soil gas over 3 months in and outside the hydrocarbon vapor plume that formed around the buried petroleum. Microbial and chemical analyses of soil and vadose zone samples were performed on samples from cores drilled to 3.3 m depth on three dates and three lateral distances from the buried petroleum mass. Significantly elevated CO2 concentrations were observed after contamination. Total cell numbers as determined by fluorescence microscopy were strongly correlated with soil organic carbon and nitrogen content but varied little with contamination. Redundancy analysis (RDA) allowed direct analysis of effects of selected environmental variables or the artificial contamination on microbiological parameters. Variation in biomass and CO2 production was explained by soil parameters, to 46%, and by the duration of contamination, to 39.8%. The microbial community structure was assessed by community level physiological profiles (CLPP) analysis using BiologTM Eco-Plates. In the CLPP data only 35.9% of the variation could be linked to soil parameters and contamination, however, the samples with greatest exposure to hydrocarbons grouped together on RDA plots. It is concluded that, at this nutrient-poor site, the microbial community was dominated by natural heterogeneity and that the influence of petroleum hydrocarbon vapors was weak.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2004.02.011
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impacts of heavy metal contamination and phytoremediation on a microbial community during a twelve-month microcosm experiment (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 48 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of heavy metals and phytoextraction practices on a soil microbial community were studied during 12 months using a hyperaccumulating plant (Thlaspi caerulescens) grown in an artificially contaminated soil. The 16S ribosomal RNA genes of the Bacteria and the β-Proteobacteria and the amoA gene (encoding the α-subunit of ammonia monooxygenase) were PCR-amplified and analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the DGGE data revealed that: (i) the heavy metals had the most drastic effects on the bacterial groups targeted, (ii) the plant induced changes which could be observed in the amoA and in the Bacteria 16S rRNA gene patterns, (iii) the changes observed during 12 months in the DGGE-patterns of the planted contaminated soil did not indicate recovery of the initial bacterial community present in the non-contaminated soil. The potential function of the microbial community was assessed recording community level physiological profiles (CLPP) and analysing them by PCA. The lower capability of the bacterial community to degrade the substrates provided in the BIOLOG plates, in particular the amino acids, amides and amines, as well as a delay in the average well colour development (AWCD) differentiated the bacterial community of the contaminated samples from that of the non-contaminated ones. However, the plant had a positive effect on substrate utilization as shown by the greater number of substrates used in all planted samples compared to unplanted ones. Finally, the measurement of the potential ammonia oxidation indicated that ammonia oxidising bacteria were completely inhibited in the contaminated soil. The stimulation of ammonia oxidation by the plant observed in the non-contaminated samples was surpassed by the inhibitory effect of the heavy metals in the contaminated soil. This study emphasises the combined use of culture-independent techniques with conventional methods to investigate the ecology of bacteria in their natural habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2004.02.004
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of 4-nitroanisole by two Rhodococcus spp. (1996)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 7 (1996), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: biodegradation ; O-demethylation ; metabolism ; 4-nitroanisole ; 4-nitrophenol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two Rhodococcus strains, R. opacus strain AS2 and R. erythropolis strain AS3, that were able to use 4-nitroanisole as the sole source of carbon and energy, were isolated from environmental samples. The first step of the degradation involved the O-demethylation of 4-nitroanisole to 4-nitrophenol which accumulated transiently in the medium during growth. Oxygen uptake experiments indicated the transformation of 4-nitrophenol to 4-nitrocatechol and 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene prior to ring cleavage and then subsequent mineralization. The nitro group was removed as nitrite, which accumulated in the medium in stoichiometric amounts. In R. opacus strain AS2 small amounts of hydroquinone were produced by a side reaction, but were not further degraded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058184
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Versatility of soil column experiments to study biodegradation of halogenated compounds under environmental conditions (1992)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 3 (1992), S. 265-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: xenobiotic compounds ; chlorobenzenes ; tetrachloroethylene ; reductive dehalogenation ; residual concentration ; desorption ; genetic adaptation ; Pseudomonas sp. strain P51 ; adhesion properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil column experiments were performed to obtain insight in the different biological and physico-chemical processes affecting biodegradation of halogenated compounds under natural conditions in a water infiltration site. Lower chlorinated aromatic compounds could be degraded under aerobic conditions, whereas highly chlorinated compounds and chlorinated aliphatic compounds were mainly transformed under anaerobic conditions. Microorganisms which derive energy from reductive dechlorination were enriched and characterized. It was found that microbes could adapt to using chlorinated benzenes by evolution of new enzyme specificities and by exchange of genetic material. For halogenated pollutants, which are generally hydrophobic, sorption processes control the concentration available for biodegradation. The effects of very low concentrations of halogenated compounds on their biodegradability are described. The use of isolated bacterial strains to enhance biodegradation was evaluated with respect to their temperature-related activity and to their adhesion properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00129088
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