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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Poxvirus group ; Vaccinia virus, neurovirulent ; Neurovaccinia strains ; Meningoencephalitis, experimental ; Virus morphogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adult NMRI mice were inoculated intracerebrally with 1.5–5×102 pfu of the “neurovirulent” strain Ma1 of vaccinia virus. The animals usually became diseased on day 3 and died on day 5 or 6 p.i. Infectivity assay studies on the mouse brains yielded a steeply rising viral titer comparable with that exhibited by several other so-called neurovaccinia strains after intracerebral inoculation. Histological studies revealed a patchy leptomeningitis most apparent over the basal brain surface. Mononuclear elements of varied size were the most common infiltrate cells in the meningitic lesions. These often showed a pronounced hemorrhagic and necrotizing character. In some places, the cellular infiltrates within the subarachnoid space extended along the perforating vessels into the superficial cerebral cortex. By electron microscopy, all essential stages of virus morphogenesis including the discharge of mature virions could be seen in numerous mononuclear phagocytes and adventitial cells. In contrast to this, no unequivocal neuroectodermal cell showed morphologic evidence of productive viral infection. Likewise, no endothelia or vascular myocytes were encountered which contained newly formed virus particles. However, alterations of the walls of blood vessels and signs of disturbed vascular permeability were a frequent finding in the meningeal foci of inflammation as well as in and around the track left by the inoculating needle. Another ultrastructural feature of the meningitic lesions was the widespread occurrence of degenerating or disintegrating infiltrate cells both infected and uninfected ones. The virologic and morphologic findings observed in this model of experimental vaccinia virus meningo-encephalitis are discussed with regard to data previously published by other authors. The propensity of strain Ma1 of vaccinia virus (and most probably of other so-called neurovaccinia strains) for replication in mesenchymal cells in particularly emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 154 (1968), S. 160-169 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die vorgelegten Befunde sprechen dafür, daß bei Säuglingsmäusen durch Vacciniavirus eine spezifische Immunität gegenüber der Infektion mit Variolavirus induzierbar ist. 2. Vacciniavirus der Stämme Elstree, München-Bern und Rivers haben unterschiedliche Pathogenität für die Säuglingsmaus. Stamm Elstree ist am schwächsten pathogen, Stamm Rivers am stärksten. Stamm München-Bern hält die Mitte. 3. Die variola-protektive Wirkung der Stämme Elstree und München-Bern war etwa gleich, die des Stammes Rivers wesentlich schlechter, doch erschwert die unterschiedliche Pathogenität der Vacciniastämme für die Säuglingsmaus die Wertung der Befunde.
    Notes: Summary 1. Babymice were actively immunized with vacciniavirus. The resulting resistance to a challenge infection with variolavirus is believed to be based on a specific immunity, because a) immunization with influenzavirus resulted in no protection to a subsequent vacciniavirus infection. b) immunization with vacciniavirus resulted in no protection to a subsequent Aujeszkyvirus infection. c) 52% of vaccinia-immunized babymice survived a challenge infection with variolavirus, whereas 95% of non-immunized controls succumbed. 2. The 3 strains of vacciniavirus under test (Elstree, Munich-Bern and Rivers) differed in their virulence for babymice. Strain Elstree had the lowest virulence, strain Rivers the highest. Strain Munich-Bern was between the two. 3. The strains Elstree and Munich-Bern rendered almost equal protection to the subsequent variola challenge. The protection afforded by strain Rivers was considerably worse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Theriogenology 28 (1987), S. 283-290 
    ISSN: 0093-691X
    Keywords: embryonic death ; virus transmission
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 3 (1975), S. 6-14 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Vaccinia virus strain MVA is derived from Vaccinia virus strain Ankara through 530 continuous passages in cell cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts. Strain MVA can be differentiated from all known strains of vaccinia virus and other members of the orthopox group. It does not occur naturally, and is of low virulence for man and animals; local and parenteral application are innocuous. This particularly applies to oral and intracutaneous administration. Strain MVA strongly induces local endogenous interferon if applied to the mucous membranes in concentrations above 107,5 CEF-ID50. It also induces clinical immunity against diseases caused by orthopox viruses, including experimental smallpox. Repeated revaccinations are innocuous and strongly enhance the immunizing effect. Strain MVA primarily stimulates cellular immunity; antibody production is less prominent. Cellular defense is of primary importance in pox virus immunity.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das MVA-Virus repräsentiert ein Labor-Virus, das sich durch zahlreiche biologische Marker von den bekannten Vaccinia-Stämmen wie auch von den anderen Viren der Orthopox-Gruppe sicher differenzieren läßt. Es kommt nicht in der Natur vor und besitzt für Mensch und Tiere bei fehlender Kontagiosität nur noch eine geringgradige Virulenz. Es kann ohne Gefahr sowohl parenteral wie auch lokal, insbesonders oral und intrakutan, appliziert werden. Nach lokaler Verabreichung induziert es sehr stark die Bildung von endogenem Interferon. Voraussetzung hierfür ist die Impfung mit hohen Virusdosen (über 107,5FHEKID50/ml). Mit dem MVA-Virus steht ein Impfvirus zur Prophylaxe und Bekämpfung von Orthopox-Viruserkrankungen zur Verfügung, das in der Human- und Tiermedizin gleichermaßen ohne Schaden für den Impfling wie für die Umgebung verwendet werden kann. Es eignet sich auch für Inkubations- und Notimpfungen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 141-143 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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