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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative mortality of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in Denmark: 1933–1981 (1985)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 28 (1985), S. 339-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 diabetes ; mortality ; regression analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relative mortality of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in Denmark during the period 1933–1981 was studied using a modification of Cox's regression model on the basis of two patient populations, ascertained in different ways and independently of each other. Initial analysis showed that the two groups could be combined completely into one common analysis. Relative mortality was the same for both sexes. The additional variables studied were age at diagnosis, current age, calendar year at diagnosis and calendar time during follow-up. All these interrelated variables were accounted for in the analysis. The analysis showed that relative mortality (a) decreased with increasing age at diagnosis; (b) increased from 1933 to a maximum in about 1965, after which it decreased; (c) increased with increased duration of diabetes to a maximum at 15–25 years, after which it declined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283140
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus in Denmark: 5. Mortality and causes of death among insulin-treated diabetic patients (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 26 (1984), S. 190-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin-treated diabetes ; mortality ; regression analysis ; death certificates ; causes of death
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 7-year follow-up study is reported on the prevalent population of all insulin-treated diabetic patients (n=1499) as of 1 July 1973 in the Funen County, Denmark. The analysis of mortality was based on data from 395 dead and the remaining 1104 living patients. Males had a significantly higher mortality than females and a lower age at onset was associated with a significantly higher mortality. An analysis of the causes of death revealed a higher than expected number of deaths in all categories studied, although the excess mortality was highest for diabetes mellitus itself and cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes mellitus was not notified on 15% of the death certificates, and this under-reporting varied according to duration of the disease and place of death. It is concluded that studies based solely on death certificates will underestimate the mortality of diabetes mellitus, and that further longitudinal studies of well-defined, population-based patient groups are needed to evaluate the determinants of mortality in diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252405
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of micro- and macroalbuminuria, arterial hypertension, retinopathy and large vessel disease in European Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 655-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; microalbuminuria ; macroalbuminuria ; arterial hypertension ; retinopathy ; macroangiopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The prevalence of micro- and macroalbuminuria was determined in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, less than 76 years of age, attending a diabetic clinic during 1987. All eligible patients (n=557) were asked to collect a 24-h urine sample for quantitative albumin analysis. Urine collections were obtained in 296 males and 253 females (96%). Normoalbuminuria were defined as urinary albumin excretion≤30 mg/24 h (n=323), microalbuminuria as 31–299 mg/24 h (n=151), and macroalbuminuria as ≥300 mg/ 24 h (n=75). The prevalence of macroalbuminuria was significantly higher in males (20%) than in females (6%), while the prevalence of microalbuminuria was almost identical in males (26%) and females (29%). The prevalence of arterial hypertension increased with increased albuminuria, being 48%, 68%, and 85% in patients with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria respectively. Prevalence of proliferative retinopathy rose with increasing albuminuria, being 2%, 5% and 12% in patients with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria respectively. Prevalence of coronary heart disease, based on Minnesota coded electrocardiograms, was more frequent in patients with macroalbuminuria (46%) compared to patients with microalbuminuria (26%) and patients with normoalbuminuria (22%). Foot ulcers were more frequent in micro- and macroalbuminuric patients, being 13% and 25%, respectively, compared to 5% in patients with normoalbuminuria. This cross-sectional study has revealed a high prevalence of microalbuminuria (27%) and macroalbuminuria (14%) in Type 2 diabetic patients. Patients with raised urinary albumin excretion are characterized by obesity, elevated haemoglobin Alc, increased frequency of arterial hypertension, proliferative retinopathy, coronary heart disease and foot ulcers. Thus, these findings suggest that urinary excretion of albumin should be monitored routinely in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400995
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term risk of IDDM in first-degree relatives of patients with IDDM (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: IDDM ; first-degree relatives ; familial aggregation ; recurrence risk ; life-table analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Due to a short observation period previous studies may have underestimated prevalence and recurrence risk of IDDM in relatives of IDDM patients. To obtain a more exact life-time risk estimate we identified 310 probands, representative of Danish IDDM patients, characterized by current age more than 50 years, age at onset 40 years or less and diabetes duration of more than 30 years. Family data were obtained from 291 probands. Mean “observation” times (age) (± SD) for siblings (n = 553) and offspring (n=359) were 59.4 ± 16.1 years and 33.8 ± 8.8 years, respectively. Of the probands 73 (25.1%) had at least one first-degree relative with IDDM. Seventeen percent had at least one affected sibling. An increase from 10.4% to 22.4% of having first-degree relatives with IDDM among probands with age at onset below 20 years was observed during the period from proband at age 21 years up to 1 September 1992. Among affected siblings 48% of the second cases were affected more than 10 years after the first affected sibling. Using the life-table method cumulative recurrence risks from time of birth were calculated for siblings up to age 30 years of 6.4% and up to age 60 years of 9.6%. For offspring the risk up to age 34 years was 6.3%. In addition, we present a life-table method evaluating the cumulative recurrence risk from time of onset in the proband, as this is the most relevant when giving genetic counselling. In conclusion, the long-term risks of IDDM in siblings and offspring are high compared to that shown in previous reports.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00398061
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term risk of IDDM in first-degree relatives of patients with IDDM (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words IDDM, first-degree relatives, familial aggregation, recurrence risk, life-table analysis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Due to a short observation period previous studies may have underestimated prevalence and recurrence risk of IDDM in relatives of IDDM patients. To obtain a more exact life-time risk estimate we identified 310 probands, representative of Danish IDDM patients, characterized by current age more than 50 years, age at onset 40 years or less and diabetes duration of more than 30 years. Family data were obtained from 291 probands. Mean “observation” times (age) (± SD) for siblings (n =553) and offspring (n =359) were 59.4±16.1 years and 33.8±8.8 years, respectively. Of the probands 73 (25.1 %) had at least one first-degree relative with IDDM. Seventeen percent had at least one affected sibling. An increase from 10.4 % to 22.4 % of having first-degree relatives with IDDM among probands with age at onset below 20 years was observed during the period from proband at age 21 years up to 1 September 1992. Among affected siblings 48 % of the second cases were affected more than 10 years after the first affected sibling. Using the life-table method cumulative recurrence risks from time of birth were calculated for siblings up to age 30 years of 6.4 % and up to age 60 years of 9.6 %. For offspring the risk up to age 34 years was 6.3 %. In addition, we present a life-table method evaluating the cumulative recurrence risk from time of onset in the proband, as this is the most relevant when giving genetic counselling. In conclusion, the long-term risks of IDDM in siblings and offspring are high compared to that shown in previous reports. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 321–327]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00398061
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus in Denmark: 4. Clinical characteristics of insulin-treated diabetes (1983)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 25 (1983), S. 231-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Epidemiology ; insulin-treated diabetes ; prevalence ; heterogeneity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report the clinical characteristics of all insulin-treated diabetic patients (783 males and 716 females) living on July 11973 in a Danish county. In 18 patients diabetes was believed to be secondary to another disease or condition. Of all patients, 43% of the males and 55% of the females were 〉 age 50 years and 42% and 36% of males and females, respectively, had a disease duration of 〈 10 years. The overall proportion of patients treated permanently with insulin from diagnosis was 85% and 79% in males and females, respectively, but within the subgroup of patients with current age 〈 30 years these proportions were 99% and 96%, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that insulin-treated diabetes is a clinically heterogeneous group of diseases; thus, low age at onset combined with immediate and permanent insulin treatment delineate one subtype, while relatively high age at onset and late start and/or interruption of insulin treatment delineate other subtype(s). It is estimated that the proportion of patients with truly Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes is 〉 50% in this cross-sectional population of insulin-treated patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279934
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of nickel dermatitis with Antabuse® a double blind study (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 9 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A double Wind, placebo-controlled treatment with Antabuse® was carried out in 24 patients with hand eczema and nickel allergy. The amount of Antabuse® given was gradually increased from 50 to 200 mg daily. The maximum dose was given for ft weeks. During the treatment period, the dermatitis of 5 out of 11 patients in the group treated with Antabuse® healed, compared with 2 out of 13 in the group receiving the placebo. A statistical analysis was made of changes observed during the study, through the parameters: staling, frequency of flares, erythema, area involved and number of vesicles. Differences in results obtained with Antabuse® and the placebo were statistically significant only for the parameters scaling and frequency of flares (p 〈 0.05). The difference between the sums of parameters following the 2 forms of treatment was not statistically significant (p= 0.11). 2 patients treated with Antabuse® showed signs of hepatic toxicity; 1 of them had toxic hepatitis. No other significant side effects were seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04394.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionization behavior of native and mutant insulins: pK perturbation of B13-Glu in aggregated species
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 283 (1990), S. 496-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(90)90673-M
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus diagnosed during pregnancy: a clinical and prognostic study (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; pregnancy ; prognostic parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The study concerns the clinical outcome and later prognosis (regarding permanent insulin treatment) of patients who develop insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus during pregnancy (which is different from gestational diabetes). Sixty-three such patients (27±1 (SEM) years old) were delivered at the Copenhagen Centre for Diabetes and Pregnancy during the years 1966–1980. Obstetric complications such as toxaemia were seen in 9.5% of these study patients and the perinatal mortality was 6.3%, both percentages being higher than in the general population (1.1%,p〈10−7 and 1.0%,p〈10−3, respectively), but similar to those observed in patients with Type 1 diabetes diagnosed before pregnancy. In contrast, the frequency of malformations was 1.6%, the same as in the general population (1.4%), but lowerthan that seen in patients with long-standing diabetes (8.3%,p〈0.05). At follow-up examination 8±1 years after diagnosis all patients were diabetic; 77% were insulin treated, having no or virtually no residual B-cell function, and were clearly Type 1 diabetic patients. After delivery 80% of the patients had a remission period (median 256 days) without insulin treatment. This remission period was absent or shortest in patients with the following characteristics (p≤0.03): low age, first parity, not overweight, and high blood glucose level at diagnosis. These prognostic parameters should be considered in obligatory, clinical follow-up plans for such patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00586458
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