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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion-weighted MR imaging with single-shot echo-planar imaging in the upper abdomen: preliminary clinical experience in 61 patients (1999)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 24 (1999), S. 456-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Abdomen, magnetic resonance—Liver, magnetic resonance—Magnetic resonance, rapid imaging—Magnetic resonance, diffusion study—Magnetic resonance, echo planar.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: To determine the potential ability of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with single-shot echo-planar imaging (DW imaging) in the upper abdomen by apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and signal:intensity ratio (SIR) measurements. Methods: DW imaging was performed in 61 clinical patients. ADCs in the liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney, and different pathological conditions were calculated. Spleen-to-liver SIR and segmental intensity difference of the liver (SID) were also calculated. Results: The mean ADCs (mm2/s) were 2.28 × 10−3± 0.07 in the liver, 1.44 × 10−3± 0.05 in the spleen, 1.94 × 10−3± 0.19 in the pancreas, and 5.76 × 10−3± 0.06 in the kidney. The mean ADC of cirrhotic liver was 1.96 × 10−3± 0.62, which was lower than that of normal liver. Other pathologic conditions also showed ADCs different from those of normal tissues. All DW images showed significantly higher spleen-to-liver SIRs and SIDs than did T2-weighted images (p 〈 0.05). Conclusion: The mean ADCs obtained with DW imaging were different in each upper abdominal organ and with each pathologic condition. DW images showed better soft tissue contrast than did T2-weighted images with regard to SIR and CNR in depicting and characterizing upper abdominal disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900539
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst: CT and MR imaging (2000)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 25 (2000), S. 444-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Retroperitoneum, cyst—Bronchogenic cyst—Computed tomography—Magnetic resonance imaging.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Retroperitoneal bronchogenic cysts are extremely rare congenital anomalies that represent malformations of the embryonic foregut and are morphologically expressed as maldevelopments of the respiratory system. Because of the low prevalence of these tumors, their imaging features have seldom been described. We present the computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a case of retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002610000019
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atypical exocrine and endocrine pancreatic tumors (anaplastic, small cell, and giant cell types): CT and pathologic features in 14 patients (2000)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 25 (2000), S. 409-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Exocrine pancreatic tumor—Endocrine pancreatic tumor.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Our purpose was to review a series of 14 patients with atypical exocrine and endocrine pancreatic tumors to derive characteristic computed tomographic and pathologic features that might allow better diagnosis, categorization, and management of these patients. Methods: Medical records from several university medical centers were reviewed retrospectively. Results: We identified three separate types of pancreatic tumors that had substantially different morphologic and prognostic features. Among these rare tumors, anaplastic carcinoma was the most common (nine of 14 cases), and these tumors were large, partly necrotic, locally invasive, and invariably metastatic (lymph nodes and/or liver) at the time of diagnosis. Three patients with poorly differentiated (small cell) carcinoma had a confluent pancreatic mass and lymphadenopathy but no ductal obstruction, closely resembling lymphoma or metastatic disease. Two patients with giant cell (osteoclastlike) carcinoma had a large, encapsulated multicystic tumor with hemorrhage, and these tumors were resectable for cure. Conclusion: Although a specific diagnosis may not be possible in some cases, we believe that knowledge of certain pathologic and computed tomographic features should lead to optimal diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002610000058
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma and its metastases with various pulse sequences using superparamagnetic iron oxide (SHU-555-A) (2000)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 25 (2000), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: SPIO—SHU-555-A—HCC—Metastasis—MRI—CTAP.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: To identify the most useful combinations of various pre- and postcontrast magnetic resonance (MR) image sequences in detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its intrahepatic metastases before and after injection of SHU-555-A. Methods: Thirty-eight lesions in 16 patients were evaluated before and after administration of SHU-555-A by using fast spin echo (FSE), gradient echo (GRE), and echo planar (EP) imaging sequences using a 1.5-Tesla superconducting MR system. The signal intensity ratio (SIR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the lesions, signal-to-noise ratios, and other parameters were calculated. Results: Tumors were better detected after injection of SHU-555-A on all pulse sequences except on out-of-phase T1-weighted (T1W)-GRE sequences. Tumor detectability was higher for precontrast EP imaging and T2*-weighted (T2*W)-GRE sequences, whereas detectability at postcontrast was higher for T2*W-GRE, proton-density-weighted-FSE, and in-phase T1W-GRE sequences. The SIR and CNR at precontrast were highest for EP imaging, and those at postcontrast were highest for T2*W-GRE. Conclusion: SHU-555-A will increase the detectability of HCC and its liver metastases. T1W- and T2*W-GRE sequences would be the sequences of choice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619910035
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary malignant lymphoma of the brain: demonstration of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in four cases by the Southern blot hybridization technique (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 23-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Malignant lymphoma ; Brain tumor ; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ; Immunoglobulin ; Gene rearrangement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the Southern blot hybridization technique, four cases of the primary malignant lymphomas of the brain, histologically diffuse large cell lymphoma, were examined for the immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. In three lymphomas, the rearrangements were observed in both heavy and light chain genes, providing strong evidence for a B cell lineage of these tumors. On the other hand, in the remaining lymphoma, the rearrangement was observed only in the heavy chain gene. Despite this, immunohistochemical examination revealed positive stainings for heavy and light chain immunoglobulins in tumor cells, suggesting the occurrence of light chain gene rearrangement at the undetectable level. Thus, B lymphocytic differentiation at the gene level was demonstrated in three, or possibly all, of the primary intracerebral malignant lymphomas examined. Since no more than two rearrangements were detected in each immunoglobulin gene, these lymphomas were considered to be monoclonal in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308952
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in the adjacent seas of the Pacific Ocean (1982)
    Springer
    Marine biology 68 (1982), S. 49-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen in sea water were measured in samples collected in the adjacent seas of the Pacific Ocean during the cruises of T. S. “Oshoro-Maru” (1969, 1970) and the R. V. “Hakuho-Maru” (KH-70-4, KH-72-1). High values were obtained in the northern North Pacific and the Bering Sea, the concentration of particulate carbon in the upper 50-m layer ranged from 35 to 550 μg Cl-1. In the deep waters of these area, values above 50 μg Cl-1 were frequently observed. The lowest values in the surface layer and deeper layers were obtained in the Japan Sea (23 μgCl-1) and in the South China Sea (7 μg Cl-1) respectively. A consistent minimum was located in the intermediate waters (100–400 m) throughout the entire region studied. Variation with depth was generally irregular with marked peak values in different layers. The POC distribution consited of these peak values and a relatively uniform background concentration. These background values slightly decreased with increasing depth and were different locally. Correlation analysis between carbon concentration and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) of ambient water for the samples in the Japan Sea and the Sulu Sea showed that there was no systematic decrease of particulate carbon with increasing AOU. In these areas, the carbon concentration scattered in the higher AOU domain ranged from 10–100 μg Cl-1. These observations support the conception that downward transport of particulate matter from the overlying surface layer in the adjacent seas of the Pacific Ocean may be fairly rapid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393140
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in the eastern pacific ocean (1975)
    Springer
    Marine biology 29 (1975), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in sea water were measured in samples collected along a line 155°W; 50° N-15°S, during the cruise of R.V. “Hakuho-Maru” (KH-69-4). High concentrations of particulate matter were generally found at or near the sea surface; the concentrations decreased rapidly with depth. A consistent minimum was located in the depth range 150 to 250 m through the entire section sampled. The subsurface maximum layers roughly coincided with the chlorophyll maximum, but several irrregularities were noted. One of the most remarkable features of the vast stratum below 200 m depth was the presence of distinctively regional variation in concentration of particulate material through the entire section. In the section, we could define at least 6 large water parcels, vertically oriented, all with significantly different concentrations of both carbon and nitrogen. Variation in the deep water ranged from less than 5 μgC/l to more than 50 μgC/l. Correlation analysis between carbon concentration and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) of ambient water for all samples showed that the carbon from particle-poor water parcels consistently decreased with increasing AOU, levelling to a practically constant low of around 5 to 10 μgC/l, whereas the carbon from particle-rich parcels was anomalously high (10 to 50 μgC/l) in the range of high AOU, and showed no consistent trend of convergence. The intergrated amount of particulate carbon in the total water column at each station was in the range 20 to 150 gC/m2. More than 90% of this total amount was in the water column below 200 m depth, and the correlation of total amount of particulate material between the surface layer (0 to 200 m) and the water column below 200 m depth was highly significant. These observations are considered to indicate that the downward transport of these materials may be much quicker than so far estimated, at least in some localized areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388985
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axonal trajectories of posterior canal-activated secondary vestibular neurons and their coactivation of extraocular and neck flexor motoneurons in the cat (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 70 (1988), S. 181-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Axonal branching ; Vestibulo-ocular ; Vestibulo-collic ; Neck motoneurons ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Unit activities of 148 secondary vestibular neurons related to the posterior semicircular canal were recorded extracellularly in anesthetized cats. Axonal projections of these neurons were examined by their antidromic responses to stimulation of the excitatory target motoneurons of the contralateral (c-) inferior rectus muscle (IR) and bilateral (bi-) motoneuron pools of longus capitis muscles, neck flexors, in the C1 segment (C1LC). The neurons were classified into 4 groups according to their axonal projections. The first group of neurons, termed vestibulo-oculo-collic (VOC) neurons, sent axon collaterals both to the c-IR motoneuron pool and to the c-C1LC motoneuron pool. The majority of them (72%) were located in the descending nucleus. The second group of neurons were termed vestibuloocular (VO) neurons and sent their axons to the c-IR motoneuron pool but not to the cervical cord. Most of them (86%) were located in the medial nucleus. The third group of neurons, termed vestibulo-collic (contralateral) (VCc) neurons, sent axons to the cC 1LC motoneuron pool via the contralateral ventral funiculus but not to the oculomotor nuclei. They were mostly (75%) found in the descending nucleus. The last group of neurons were vestibulo-collic (ipsilateral) (VCi) neurons, which gave off axons to the ipsilateral (i-) C1LC motoneuron pool via the ipsilateral ventral funiculus but not to the oculomotor nuclei. One of them also sent an axon collateral to the c-C1LC motoneuron pool. The majority of them (74%) were located in the ventral part of the lateral nucleus. It was also observed in some of the VOC and VCi neurons that they produced unitary EPSPs in the c-C1LC and i-C1LC motoneurons, respectively. Their synaptic sites were estimated to be on the cell somata and/or proximal dendrites of the motoneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271859
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal angiomyolipoma with inferior vena caval extension: MRI demonstration of a “thread-and-streaks” sign (1995)
    Springer
    European radiology 5 (1995), S. 328-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Angiomyolipoma ; Tumor thrombus ; “Thread-and-streaks” sign ; Inferior vena cava ; MR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The MR findings in a case of tumor extension into an inferior vena cava from a right renal angiomyolipoma are reported. The flow void demonstrated within the intracaval tumor thrombus on T1-weighted images was consistent with the so-called thread-and-streaks sign.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185321
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes of the rotavirus concentration in faeces during the course of acute gastroenteritis as determined by the immune adherence hemagglutination test (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 134 (1980), S. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Acute infantile gastroenteritis ; Rotavirus ; Immune adherence hemagglutination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of rotavirus were studied in serially sampled faecal specimens from 55 patients with acute gastroenteritis, utilizing the immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA) test. Rotavirus antigen was detected in 45 (82%) out of 55 cases. In the faeces which were positive for rotavirus antigen, the concentrations reached their maximum titer shortly after the onset of the illness and diminished gradually until the 9th day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01846024
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