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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paragangliomas of the craniocervical region (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 73 (1987), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Paraganlioma ; Tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical study on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme in the catecholamine synthesizing pathway, was made on three cranioncervical region paragangliomas, two of which showed metastases to the cervical lymph nodes. In all of the original tumors, the majority of tumor cells showed positive immunostaining for TH of variable intensity in their cytoplasm regardless of their cytological features such as cellular and nuclear pleomorphism. The finding suggests that most tumor cells are capable of production of catecholamines and are derived from chief cells in the normal paraganglia. In cervical lymph nodes, however, no positive immunostaining for TH was observed in metastatic tumor cells, in contrast with the findings in the original tumors. The absence of TH immunoreactivity in metastatic tumor cells appears to be noteworthy in considering their malignant potential. Application of the TH immunohistochemistry to further cases appears important for the better understanding of this neoplasm, a catecholamine-producing tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686615
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in human glioma cell lines (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Glioma ; Cell lines ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; cDNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have obtained a cDNA fragment to human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by immunoscreening a λgt11 human brain cDNA library with antibody to bovine GFAP. The highly homologous nucleotide sequence of this clone with that of the mouse GFAP enabled the identification of this cDNA as one encoding GFAP. As this cDNA hybridized with a single major RNA species in Northern blots of RNA from human and mouse brain tissues and gave one or two bands in Southern blots of human genomic DNA, it was considered to be specific for GFAP. Using this cDNA as a probe we investigated the levels of GFAP expression in ten human glioma cell lines. A 3.5-kb GFAP mRNA was detected in five of the ten glioma cell lines, one of which was U-251 MG cell line and the other four were clones derived from the same tumor (CL1, 2, 3, and 4). There was a difference in the amount of GFAP mRNA among U-251 MG and the four clonal cell lines. Quantitative evaluation of this difference by RNA dot blot analysis revealed that the amount of GFAP mRNA expressed in CL3 was about 1/5 and in CL4 about 1/10 the amount expressed in U-251 MG, CL1, and CL2. Semiquantitative Western blot analysis showed that GFAP levels corresponded to the GFAP mRNA levels in these cell lines. By Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA the GFAP gene was similarly detected in all of these cell lines regardless of the level of GFAP expression. Thus, by using a cDNa to human GFAP we have demonstrated the presence of clonal cell lines from human glioma showing different levels of GFAP expression, which may provide a useful basis for further investigations on the regulation of GFAP gene expression in glial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687396
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tactile-like corpuscles in neurofibromas: Immunohistochemical demonstration of S-100 protein (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 61 (1983), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurofibroma ; Tactile-like corpuscle ; Schwann cell ; Meissner corpuscle ; S-100
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tactile-like corpuscles in neurofibroma tissues were examined by the indirect immunoperoxidase method using rabbit anti-S-100 sera. In all five cases examined, positive staining was observed in their constituent cells, both in the flattened cytoplasm and nuclei. On examination of the normal peripheral nervous system, positive staining was exclusively confined to Schwann cells in the nerve bundles and Schwann-related cells such as lamellar cells in the Meissner corpuscle, whereas staining was negative in perineurial cells. Electron-microscopic examination showed ultrastructural similarity between constituent cells of the tactile-like corpuscles in neurofibroma and lamellar cells in the Meissner corpuscle. These findings may indicate Schwannian nature of the tactile-like corpuscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691982
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study of cytokeratin and glial fibrillary acidic protein in chroid plexus papilloma (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 75 (1988), S. 317-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cytokeratin ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Choroid plexus ; Choroid plexus papilloma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cellular localization of cytokeratin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was examined in two normal choroid plexuses and five choroid plexus papillomas by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method and double immunofluorescence (IFL) microscopy. Cytokeratin was observed in the majority of epithelial cells in all samples of normal and neoplastic choroid plexuses. On the other hand, GFAP was observed in some of the constituent epithelial cells in two cases of papilloma. Most of these GFAP-positive papilloma cells were simultaneously positive for cytokeratin, as could be seen by the PAP stainings of serial sections and by the double IFL stainings of the same sections. From these findings, it was suggested that normal and neoplastic choroid plexus epithel cells usually express cytokeratin and that some of the neoplastic cells can simultaneously express boty cytokeratin and GFAP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690541
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of DNA ploidy and morphological features of human glioma cell cultures with the establishment of cell lines (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 76 (1988), S. 433-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Glioma ; Tissue culture ; DNA ploidy ; Morphology ; Established cell lines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven gliomas were serially cultivated and examined for DNA distribution by flow cytometry and simultaneously for morphological features by light microscopy at the various passage levels until passage 50 at most. Seven gliomas (four low-grade gliomas, three anaplastic gliomas) showed a similar DNA distribution pattern with a main diploid and small tetraploid peaks at various passages. In this group, only one culture formed a permanent cell line, whereas six cultures showed a limited growth ranging from 6 to 24 passages. In contrast, the other four gliomas (each an anaplastic glioma) showed a marked change of DNA distribution through passages and finally a single DNA aneuploid population prospered. Each of these four gliomas yielded established cell lines. Thus, it is suggested that the change of DNA ploidy and prosperity of DNA aneuploid populations in flow cytometry might be used as early and reliable indices for the later establishment of glioma-derived permanent cell lines. Since the changes of DNA distribution are frequently associated with the morphological changes, as seen in the latter group, careful tracing of morphological features is valuable in determining of the fate of cultures, especially in the absence of a flow cytometer. The correlation between the potential to become established cell lines and histology of the original gliomas is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686381
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical analysis of T cells in primary B cell malignant lymphoma of the brain (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 27-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Malignant lymphoma ; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ; Brain tumor ; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical study was performed on small lymphoid cells present in frozen tissue sections of seven cases of primary B cell malignant lymphomas of the brain by using monoclonal antibodies to T cell (Leu-1, OKT-11, Leu-3a, and Leu-2a) and B cell (BA-1 and Leu-12) surface markers. In all the seven cases, positive reaction for Leu-1 and OKT-11 was seen in the majority of the small lymphoid cells which were dispersed among the lymphoma cells or clustered around blood vessles. The large neoplastic cells were unstained by these antibodies. Staining for T cell subsets with antibodies to Leu-3a and Leu-2a showed heterogeneous staining in each case. The ratio of Leu-3a+ to Leu-2a+ cells was less than one in six cases, demonstrating a suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype predominance. Most of these small lymphoid cells were negatively stained by antibodies to BA-1 and Leu-12. From these findings, it was shown that the small lymphoid cells observed in primary B cell lymphomas of the brain were of T cell lineage, distinct from the neoplastic cells, and probably reactive in nature. The implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308953
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glial fibrillary acidic protein in medulloblastomas (1985)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 67 (1985), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: GFAP ; Intermediate filament protein ; Medulloblastoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two cases of medulloblastoma are described which show positive immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in many cells. The surgical and autopsy specimens were examined by the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Positive staining for GFAP was demonstrated in the small, round to polygonal cells in both surgical specimens and in the small spindle cells in the autopsy specimen of one case. In the small, round to polygonal cells positive GFAP was shown as a perinuclear brown rim or intracytoplasmic brown droplet. In the small spindle cells, the cytoplasm and the polar processes were stained. Except for GFAP staining, these positive cells were morphologically indistinguishable from the accompanying unstained cells, indicating that GFAP was expressed in the medulloblastoma cells. Considering that GFAP is specific for astrocytes, these findings suggest the potential of astrocytic differentiation in the neoplastic cells of these medulloblastomas. The findings obtained in other 28 medulloblastomas examined in parallel are also discussed briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688118
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary malignant lymphoma of the brain: An immunohistochemical study of eight cases using a panel of monoclonal and heterologous antibodies (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 71 (1986), S. 190-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Malignant lymphoma ; Brain tumor ; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ; Burkitt's lymphoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Frozen sections of eight primary malignant lymphomas of the brain were examined by the immunohistochemical methods using a panel of monoclonal and heterologous antibodies to B lymphocyte (immunoglobulins, BA-1, Leu-12 and HLA-DR), T lymphocyte (OKT-11 and Leu-1) and monocyte (OKM-1) surface markers. Paraffin sections were also used in the examination of cytoplasmic immunoglobulins. Surface and/or cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (Ig) were observed in seven cases,four of which were shown to be distinctly monoclonal and the other three less so. The remaining 1 case showed no distinct staining for Ig. BA-1, Leu-12 and HLA-DR stainings were positive in four, four and five cases, respectively. The marker phenotypes of (BA-1, Leu-12, HLA-DR) were shown to be (+,+,+) in one lymphoma, (+,-,-) in three, (-,+,+,)in three, and (-,-,+) in one. Thus, it was demonstrated that the present lymphoma cases showed a marked immunological heterogeneity, and it was shown that all of them including the Ig-negative case revealed one or more of these three additional B cell markers, indicating B cell lineage of these cases. Examination of T cell and monocyte markers revealed positive staining in normal or reactive lymphoid cells distributed around blood vessels or sporadically in tumor tissues, but not in lymphoma cells. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nuclear antigen was not demonstrated in the seven cases examined, making it unlikely that these lymphomas were related with EBV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688039
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study on “neoplastic angioendotheliosis”: demonstration of B lymphocyte markers in the neoplastic cells (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 75 (1988), S. 313-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neoplastic angioendotheliosis ; Malignant lymphoma ; B cell lymphoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Frozen cerebral and renal tissue sections of an autopsied “neoplastic angioendotheliosis (NAE)” case were investigated immunohistochemically using monoclonal and heterologous antibodies to lymphocyte, monocyte, endothelial, epithelial and histiocytic antigens. In both tissues, positive stainings for surface immunoglobulin (sIg) μ and ϰ, but not λ, were observed in most of the neoplastic cells. These cells were also positive for other B cell markers (BA-1, Leu-12 and HLA-DR). No distinct staining was observed in the neoplastic cells with antibodies to T lymphocyte (OKT-11 and Leu-1) or monocyte (OKM-1) markers. Posive stainings were observed only in some small round lymphoid cells which were distributed sporadically in and around blood vessels and were considered to be reactive. No positive staining was observed in the neoplastic cells with antibodies to endothelial (factor VIII), epithelial (cytokeratin) or histocytic (lysozyme) antigens. Thus, our NAE case was shown to be of monoclonal B cell lymphoma in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690540
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glomeruloid blood vessels in ethylnitrosourea-induced rat gliomas (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 240-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental glioma ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Glomeruloid blood vessels ; Endothelial proliferation ; BrdUrd immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glomeruloid blood vessels (GBVs), a characteristic histological feature of most human malignant gliomas, were recognized with high incidence in autochthonous rat gliomas induced by transplacental administration of ethylnitrosourea. To evaluate some of the biological properties of these GBVs, we carried out a study using histological methods and immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein, factor VIII-related antigen (VIII Ag) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd). Of 22 animals with large, massively growing gliomas in the CNS, GBVs including conglomerate aggregations of small blood vessels with endothelial hyperplasia and strong VIII Ag expression were observed in 13 large gliomas histologically consisting of primitive neuroepithelial neoplasms (PNN; so called ependymoma) and mixed-type gliomas in combination with astrocytoma and PNN or anaplastic astrocytoma. The anaplastic gliomas in our series were devoid of GBVs. These findings indicate that GBV formation takes place in a histological variety of experimental gliomas. Furthermore, the GBVs were frequently associated with the vasculo-mesenchymal stroma in the parent gliomas, suggesting an intimate relationship with the morphogenesis of GBVs. In addition, it was shown that the GBVs had a higher BrdUrd-labelling index than that of other blood vessels in gliomas and also that of neoplastic cells in most parent gliomas, except for anaplastic gliomas. Based on these results, the possible mechanism of GBV morphogenesis is discussed with regard to the roles of macromolecules in the induction and regulation of GBVs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294657
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