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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; Chronic hepatic porphyria ; Focal liver lesions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary More than 7 years after the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer (T1N1aM0), multiple nodular foci were observed in the liver of a 40-year-old woman at ultrasonographic examination. The lesions were confirmed by CT scan, but CT-guided liver biopsy revealed only non-specific alterations. At subsequent peritoneoscopic examination, bluish-brown foci were indeed visible on the liver surface, but guided liver biopsies again failed to corroborate the suspected metastases. Instead, histology showed mild portal fibrosis, moderate steatosis and siderosis of hepatocytes, as before. Only the intense red fluorescence of part of the biopsy material under Wood's light suggested the diagnosis of chronic hepatic porphyria or porphyria cutanea tarda, here presumably as a consequence of prolonged alcohol consumption. Subsequent porphyrin studies in urine, faeces and plasma yielded the typical constellation of latent porphyria cutanea tarda (chronic hepatic porphyria type C). The activity of erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase was normal, which argued against a genetic predisposition. After 1 year of strict alcohol abstinence and low-dose chloroquine treatment the “nodular foci” in the liver were no longer visible on ultrasonogram and CT scan; only proton-weighted NMR imaging (SE 1500/30) still showed ill-defined areas of higher signal intensity. The renal excretion of porphyrins had decreased considerably. The levels are now consistent with the diagnosis of subclinical chronic hepatic porphyria type A. Modern non-invasive imaging techniques are tremendously useful, but they have their pitfalls. Focal liver lesions may present serious diagnostic problems, especially when they are found in a patient with a history of carcinoma at an extrahepatic primary site. A rare example is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. 1190-1194 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Pulmonary metastases ; Computed tomography ; MR imaging ; Turbo spin echo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The sensitivity of MR imaging for detection of pulmonary metastases was evaluated in 23 patients. The MR imaging was performed with T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo (TSE) sequences at 1.5 T. The MR images were compared with spiral volumetric CT which served as the radiological standard. All MR images were interpreted by two radiologists without knowledge of CT findings. The MR imaging technique initially enabled correct identification of altogether 286 of 340 metastases (84 %) resulting in sensitivities of 36 % (size of nodules 〈 5 mm), 83 % (size of nodules 5–10 mm), 92 % (size of nodules 10–15 mm), and 100 % (size of nodules 〉 15 mm). Retrospectively with knowledge of CT findings an additional 39 metastases were visible; 15 remained undetected even retrospectly. The results of this paper suggest that MRI still does not have a role for screening for pulmonary metastases. It proves, however, that the incidental diagnosis of a pulmonary lesion on T2-weighted TSE images is highly reliable in representing a pulmonary nodule also visible on CT. However, thus far the malignant nature especially of small nodules detected by MRI (as by CT) remains uncertain even in patients with known malignant neoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Unfallchirurg 103 (2000), S. 1079-1085 
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Knie ; MRT ; Arthroskopie ; Meniskus ; Key words Knee ; MRI ; Arthroscopy ; Meniscus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In order to assure diagnostic accuracy, 172 knee joints were examined prospectively by MRI. After MRI, all knee joints were examined by arthroscopy. Tears of the medial meniscus were found in 102 patients, the lateral meniscus showed a tear in 29 cases. Assuming that arthroscopy represents the golden standard of diagnostic measure concerning the knee joint, it can be stated that false-positive MRI findings on the medial and lateral meniscus were diagnosed in three cases and false-negative MRI findings were diagnosed for two knee joints regarding the medial meniscus and four times regarding the lateral meniscus. For the medial meniscus a sensitivity of 98%, a specificity of 96%, an accuracy of 94%, and the positive and negative value of prediction were calculated at 97% each. Regarding the lateral meniscus, a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 98%, an accuracy of 92%, a positive predictive value of 88%, and a negative predictive value of 85% were found. Under the prerequisite that the MRI is carried out correctly and assessed by an experienced radiologist, the accuracy of the MRI for meniscus diagnosis is almost equivalent to the one by arthroscopy. Under these conditions, MRI can be recommended when no safe and sufficient clinical diagnosis can be made. The rate of unnecessary arthroscopies with a pure diagnostic purpose can be lowered significantly by means of MRI.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Überprüfung der diagnostischen Treffsicherheit wurden prospektiv 172 Kniegelenke mittels Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) untersucht. Nach der MRT erfolgte bei allen Kniegelenken die arthroskopische Überprüfung der bildgebenden Diagnose. Rissbildungen des Innenmeniskus fanden sich bei 102 Patienten, am Außenmeniskus wurde 29-mal ein Riss befundet. Unter der Annahme, dass die Arthroskopie der “golden standard” diagnostischer Maßnahmen am Kniegelenk darstellt, ergab sich, dass falsch-positive MRT-Befunde am Innen- und Außenmeniskus in jeweils 3 Fällen und falsch-negative MRT-Befunde am Innenmenikus bei 2 Kniegelenken und am Außenmeniskus 4-mal erhoben wurden. Für den Innenmeniskus wurde eine Sensitivität von 98%, eine Spezifität von 96%, eine Genauigkeit von 94% und der positive bzw. negative Vorhersagewert mit jeweils 97% errechnet. Bezüglich des Außenmeniskus ließ sich eine Sensitivität von 85%, eine Spezifität von 98%, eine Genauigkeit von 92%, ein positiver Vorhersagewert von 88% und ein negativer Vorhersagewert von 85% ermitteln. Unter der Voraussetzung, dass die MRT korrekt durchgeführt und von einem erfahrenen Radiologen befundet wird, ergibt sich eine annähernd gleichwertige Treffsicherheit der MRT für die Meniskusdiagnostik wie mit der Arthroskopie. Die MRT kann daher unter diesen Voraussetzungen zur Anwendung empfohlen werden, wenn klinisch keine ausreichend sichere Diagnose zu stellen ist. Die Rate unnötiger rein diagnostischer Arthroskopien kann durch die MRT entscheidend gesenkt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of urology 13 (1995), S. 226-229 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During the past few years, a new tumor type has emerged in the pediatric and adolescent group of cancer patients, which has been designated malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumor (MPNT). This tumor has some clinical and pathological signs in common with either soft-tissue sarcomas or classic Ewing's sarcoma, but is defined as a distinct entity because of its immunohistological characteristics. The tumor expresses neuronal markers, but the pattern varies: chromogranin, neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, protein S-100 and others. MPNT can occur in the urogenital region. The differential diagnosis on clinical grounds must include Ewing's and soft tissue sarcomas, and also Wilms' tumor and its variants. MPNT are often wide spread in the urogenital region when first diagnosed. Response to radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy is limited. Radical surgery is not always possible. The prognosis therefore remains rather poor at this time. A selection of MPNT patients is presented to demonstrate the various problems associated with this diagnosis. MRI and CT of all patients showed large tumors with direct infiltration of the surrounding structures. MRI is the best imaging modality for diagnosis and therapy monitoring in these tumors, because of its high soft-tissue contrast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 217-219 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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