Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Human insulin ; porcine insulin ; brain ; insulin receptor ; insulin degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have suggested that human and porcine insulin exert identical effects on blood glucose and counter-regulatory hormones but elicit different neurophysiological reactions. A major goal of the present study was to investigate whether this could be caused by different relative affinities of the insulins from different species to insulin receptors from the brain compared to other tissues. Insulin receptors isolated from human brain, muscle or adipocytes as well as from cultured cells over-expressing either of the human insulin receptor isoforms (exon 11– or exon 11 + ) were immobilized to microwells coated with monoclonal anti-insulin receptor antibody. Subsequently the binding of human, porcine and bovine insulin was measured. While the receptors derived from the different tissues had different affinities for insulin, there were no tissue-specific differences in the relative binding of the insulins of the three species. The insulins of the three species were also not different with regard to their binding to the receptor isoforms. Finally, in human brain homogenates no differences in the degradation rates for human, porcine and bovine insulin were detected. Thus, our data do not support the hypothesis that different neurophysiological reactions during hypoglycaemia due to human or porcine insulin are caused by differences of the binding of the insulins to human brain insulin receptors or their degradation in the human brain. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 757–763]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 248-249 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin receptor kinase ; compound heterozygous insulin receptor mutations ; human muscle ; erythrocytes ; congenital fibre type disproportion myopathy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied insulin receptor kinase activation in two brothers with congenital muscle fibre type disproportion myopathy and compound heterozygous mutations of the insulin receptor gene, their parents, and their unaffected brother. In the father who has a heterozygote Arg1174→Gln mutation, in situ activation of the receptor kinase in skeletal muscle was reduced about 70 %. Selection of only those receptors that bound to anti-phosphotyrosine antibody showed that these receptors had normal kinase activity and that the reduction in overall kinase activity was due to the inability of about 70 % of the receptors to become insulin-dependently activated. The mother carries a point mutation at the last base pair in exon 17 which, due to abnormal alternative splicing, could lead to normally transcribed receptor or truncated receptor lacking the kinase region. Kinase activation was normal in the mother's skeletal muscle, suggesting that virtually no truncated receptor was expressed. Receptor kinase activity was, however, reduced by 95 and 91 % in the compound heterozygous brothers. This suggests that the mother's mutated allele contributes little to the generation of functional receptor protein and that the receptors in the mother's skeletal muscle are transcribed almost exclusively from the non-mutated allele. The mutation in exon 17 could lead to reduced transcription or rapid degradation of a predominantly transcribed truncated gene product or both. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 245–249]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords HIV protease inhibitors ; lipodystrophy syndrome ; diabetes mellitus ; insulin resistance ; insulin signalling.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Patients treated with human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors often develop impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, most likely due to an induction of insulin resistance. We therefore investigated whether the protease inhibitor indinavir alters insulin signalling. Methods. We incubated HepG2 cells for 48 h without or with indinavir (100 μmol/l). Subsequently 125I-insulin binding to the cells and the effects of insulin stimulation on insulin-receptor substrate-1-phosphorylation, association of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with insulin-receptor substrate-1 and Akt-Thr308-phosphorylation were measured. Results. In cells not exposed to indinavir, insulin (100 nmol/l) led to rapid increases of insulin-receptor substrate-1-phosphorylation, association of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with insulin-receptor substrate-1 and Akt-phosphorylation during the first 75 s, followed by subsequent decreases. In indinavir-treated cells, these insulin-stimulated increases during the first 75 s were reduced by 30–60 % and this was not associated with alterations in cell number or viability, insulin binding to the cells or cellular insulin-receptor substrate-1-content. Conclusion/interpretation. Effects of indinavir on initial insulin signalling could cause, or contribute to, the metabolic effects of human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 1145–1148]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin receptor inhibition, tyrosine kinase activity, serine phosphorylation, protein kinase C.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Inhibition of the signalling function of the human insulin receptor (HIR) is one of the principle mechanisms which induce cellular insulin resistance. It is speculated that serine residues in the insulin receptor β-subunit are involved in receptor inhibition either as inhibitory phosphorylation sites or as part of receptor domains which bind inhibitory proteins or tyrosine phosphatases. As reported earlier we prepared 16 serine to alanine point mutations of the HIR and found that serine to alanine mutants HIR-994 and HIR-1023/25 showed increased tyrosine autophosphorylation when expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. In this study we examined whether these mutant receptors have a different susceptibility to inhibition by serine kinases or an altered tyrosine kinase activity.¶Methods. Tyrosine kinase assay and transfection studies.¶Results. In an in vitro kinase assay using IRS-1 as a substrate we could detect a higher intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of both receptor constructs. Additionally, a higher capacity to phosphorylate the adapter protein Shc in intact cells was seen. To test the inhibition by serine kinases, the receptor constructs were expressed in HEK 293 cells together with IRS-1 and protein kinase C isoforms β2 and θ. Phorbol ester stimulation of these cells reduced wild-type receptor autophosphorylation to 58 % or 55 % of the insulin simulated state, respectively. This inhibitory effect was not observed with HIR-994 and HIR-1023/25, although all other tested HIR mutants showed similar inhibition induced by protein kinase C.¶Conclusion/interpretation. The data suggest that the HIR-domain which contains the serine residues 994 and 1023/25 is important for the inhibitory effect of protein kinase C isoforms β2 and θ on insulin receptor autophosphorylation. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 443–449]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 424-427 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Valproate intoxication ; Cerebral edema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 29-year-old man, who had been treated with sodium valproate for 3 years because of generalized cerebral seizures, ingested a large amount of this drug in an attempt to suicide. The exact amount he had swallowed could not be determined. The patient arrived in the intensive care unit in a deep coma, was intubated, and artificially ventilated. He developed a massive cerebral edema, as proved by computerized tomography (CT). This was supported by electroencephalography (EEG). The measured value for the concentration of valproate in serum was markedly elevated on the day of admission (2300 µmol/l; therapeutic range 350–700 µmol/l). Treatment with sodium thiopental, glycerol, and glucocorticoids was initiated. A second CT scan performed 9 days after admission showed a complete normalization and the EEG yielded a markedly improved pattern. At this point the patient slowly regained consciousness. We conclude that in patients with an acute sodium-valproate intoxication, care should be taken with regard to the development of a severe cerebral edema, which in the reported case could be treated successfully.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 263 (2000), S. 99-101 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words Leptin ; Menstrual cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Leptin is a cytokine involved in the regulation of food intake and fertility in rodents and in humans. No data exist about serum leptin serum levels during the spontaneous menstrual cycle. In this study 16 ovulatory cycles of endocrinologically normal volunteers were analyzed. Blood samples were taken on alternate days throughout the menstrual cycle for measurement of serum estradiol, progesterone, LH, FSH and leptin serum levels. No correlation of leptin values with estradiol values (r = 0.07) or progesterone values (r = 0.14) were seen. Mean leptin values during the luteal phase were significantly higher (16.67 ± 9.45 ng/mL) compared to the follicular phase (13.50 ± 8.75 ng/mL) (P 〈 0.02). A strongly positive correlation with the progression of the menstrual cycle could be seen (r = 0.91). The physiological significance of higher luteal phase leptin levels is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Vacuum 41 (1990), S. 1840-1842 
    ISSN: 0042-207X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Myocardial infarction ; Tetrazolium salts ; NAD ; Oxidoreductases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tetrazolium salts (NBT) stain normal myocardium whereas infarcts are not stained. We tried to elucidate the staining mechanism which discriminates normal from infarcted canine myocardium. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded in dogs for between 4 and 32 h. The activities of four different tissue dehydrogenases were measured after 4, 8, 16, and 32 h of ischaemia. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (NAD, NADH, NADPH) were determined in needle biopsies taken from the ischaemic region 1/2, 1, 11/2, 2 and 4 h after occlusion of the LAD. In another set of experiments the NBT stain was altered by the addition of NADH, NAD, NADPH, NADP, succinate, lactate and phenazine methosulfate respectively and the effect of the added substances on the previously nonstained infarcts was examined. We further compared histochemically determined infarct size to the ultrastructural extent of infarcts. Activities of the tissue dehydrogenases did not change after 4 h of ischaemia, although the NBT stain revealed a large infarction. At that time total NAD, the sum of NAD+NADH, had decreased from about 600 pmoles/mg tissue to about 200 pmoles/mg tissue and addition of the coenzymes or succinate could “repair” the biochemical lesion. After 24 h of ischaemia the activities of dehydrogenases and diaphorases were markedly decreased. Our data indicate that loss of the reduced coenzymes plays a key role in identifying myocardial infarction with tetrazolium salts. In older infarctions loss of coenzymes is joined by decreased activities of dehydrogenases and diaphorases. The principal mechanisms of staining is an enzymatic cycling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: NAD ; ultrastructure ; ischemic cell injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der biochemische Mechanismus, der dafür verantwortlich ist, daß reversibel geschädigte Zellen schließlich sterben, ist unbekannt. Wir untersuchten, ob der Verlust an Nicotinamidcoenzymen der entscheidende Grund für den Zelluntergang sein kann. Bei 6 Hunden wurde der Ramus interventricularis anterior für 4 h unterbunden. Transmurale Nadelbiopsien wurden nach 1/2 h, 1 h, 1 1/2 h, 2 h und 4 h Ischämie aus dem ischämischen Gebiet entnommen und in subepikardiale und subendokardiale Hälften unterteilt. Zu den angegebenen Zeiten wurden die Konzentrationen der Coenzyme NAD, NADH und NADPH in den Biopsien gemessen und der Schädigungsgrad des Gewebes durch elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung bestimmt. Die Glycohydrolaseaktivität (E.C. 3.2.2.5) wurde in Gehirn, Herz, Niere und Skelettmuskel von 4 Ratten ermittelt. Gesamt-NAD, die Summe von NAD und NADH, nahm signifikant nach einer Stunde im ischämischen Subendokard ab. Der Verlust and NADPH trat erst nach zwei Stunden ein. Wenn durch ultrastrukturelle Untersuchung irreversible Zellschädigung festgestellt wurde, hatte der Gesamtgehalt von NAD etwa 60–70% abgenommen. Die Glycohydrolaseaktivität war am höchsten im Gehirn, gefolgt von Herz, Niere und Skelettmuskel und entspricht der unterschiedlichen Ischämietoleranz dieser Organe. Wir nehmen an, daß der entscheidende Grund für die irreversible Zellschädigung die Gewebsazidose ist, die zu einer Aktivierung der Glycohydrolase führt, die ihrerseits die lebenswichtigen Coenzyme spaltet.
    Notes: Summary We investigated if the loss of nicotinamide coenzymes in ischemic-infarcted myocardium may be responsible for the transition from reversibly ischemic to irreversibly infarcted cell damage. The LAD was occluded in 6 dogs for 4 h. Transmural needle biopsies were taken from the ischemic-infarcted region after 1/2, 1, 1 1/2, 2, and 4 h of ischemia and further divided into subepicardial and subendocardial halves. At each time interval the concentration of the nicotinamide coenzymes NAD, NADH, and NADPH were measured, and the degree of cellular injury was evaluated by electron microscopy. The glycohydrolase activity (EC 3.2.2.5), the enzyme which splits NAD, was determined in brain, myocardium, kidney, and skeletal muscle of 4 rats. Total NAD, the sum of NAD and NADH, started to decrease significantly in the ischemic subendocarium 1 h after onset of ischemia. Degradation of NADPH occurred later. Loss ot total NAD was about 60–70% when electron microscopy diagnosed irreversible cell injury. The glycohydrolase activity was the highest in brain followed by myocardium, kidney, and skeletal muscle, reflecting the different tolerances of these tissues towards ischemia. The key mechanism for ischemic injury seems to be the tissue acidosis which activates the glycohydrolase leading to a loss of the vital coenzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...