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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 18 (1994), S. 209-216 
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: absorption ; availability ; benzimidazole ; buffalo ; cattle ; fenbendazole ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and Droughtmaster cattle (Bos indicus × B. taurus), fitted with gastrointestinal cannulae, were dosed intraruminally with fenbendazole at 7.5 mg/kg liveweight, together with a chromium oxide capsule and a pulse dose of NaCoEDTA, to estimate the flow dynamics of the digesta in the rumen and duodenum. The concentrations of fenbendazole (FBZ) metabolites were measured in plasma and duodenal fluid collected over 120 h. In plasma, significantly lower peak concentrations and earlier disappearance of FBZ and its sulphoxide (OFZ) metabolite were observed in buffalo, which considerably reduced systemic availability in comparison with cattle. The availability of OFZ in the duodenal fluid of buffalo was significantly lower, whereas FBZ disposition was similar to that in cattle. The turnover rate of fluid in the rumen was higher in buffalo than in cattle, while the flow parameters for other digesta were similar in the two species. It is concluded that the decreased absorption of drug in buffalo was attributable to the shorter residence time of the dose in the rumen, and probably in the entire gastrointestinal tract. This may reduce the efficacy of treatment and indicate the need for higher dose rates for benzimidazole anthelmintics in buffalo than in cattle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: anthelmintic ; fenbendazole ; goat ; metabolites ; pharmacokinetics ; sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plasma levels of fenbendazole (FBZ) and its sulphoxide (OFZ) and sulphone (FBZ.SO2) metabolites were measured in goats and sheep during low-level administration of FBZ given by intraruminal infusion or formulated into a urea-molasses feed supplement block (UMB). In experiment 1, 6 goats and 6 sheep were offered UMB containing 0.5 g FBZ/kg (MUMB) and individual block consumption was measured daily for 18 days. In experiment 2, some of the same animals (n=4 for each species) received FBZ by intraruminal infusion at 1, 1.5 and 3 mg/kg liveweight per day for 7 days at each dosage. FBZ, OFZ and FBZ.SO levels were determined in plasma collected every 3 days in experiment 1 and on days 4, 5 and26 of each infusion period in experiment 2. In both experiments, higher equilibrium levels were observed for the three metabolites in sheep than in goats. Significant linear relationships were observed between the daily FBZ dosages and the plasma levels of the three metabolites in both species. The regression coefficients were significantly higher in sheep than in goats for FBZ and OFZ but not for FBZ.SO2, and they were also significantly higher during MUMB administration than during infusion for all three metabolites in both species. FBZ is a suitable anthelmintic for incorporation into a MUMB formulation for use in livestock production systems where responses to molasses urea supplementation have been demonstrated and gastrointestinal parasitism impairs productivity. The results indicate that target dose rates for goats should be 0.75 mg/kg per day compared with 0.5 mg/kg per day for sheep.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 16 (1992), S. 445-451 
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: anthelmintic ; cattle ; fenbendazole ; lactation ; Haemonchus ; Mecistocirrus ; milk yield ; Oesophagostomum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Trials with fenbendazole (Panacur, Hoechst India Ltd) were carried out on two commercial farms in subtropical western India to study the response and economics of nematode treatment in adult dairy cows. Milk yield, lactation length, time to first oestrus and worm egg output were monitored in treated and control groups. Treatment reduced the egg count considerably. Treated cows produced 142 litres more milk over 100 days (p〈0.05), with extension of lactation length and advancement of time to first oestrus. The economic gain in terms of milk yield far outweighed the cost of anthelmintic used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Pea (Pisum) ; Ty1-copia retroelements ; Genetic diversity ; Linkage map ; Anchored PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A sample of 15 cultivars and 56 Pisum accessions from the JIC germplasm core collection has been studied using a modification of the SSAP (sequence-specific amplification polymorphisms) technique; the specific primer was designed to correspond to the polypurine tract (PPT) of PDR1, a Ty1-copia group retrotransposon of pea. Most of these SSAP products were shown to be PDR1 derived. The PDR1 SSAP markers are more informative than previously studied AFLP or RFLP markers and are distributed throughout the genome. Their pattern of variation makes them ideal for integrating genetic maps derived from related crosses. Data sets obtained with AFLP and PDR1 SSAP markers were used to construct neighbour-joining trees and for principal component analysis. These data sets give greater resolution than hitherto available for the characterisation of variation within Pisum, showing that the genus has three main groups: P. fulvum, P. abyssinicum and all other Pisum spp. P. abyssinicum is not a subgroup of cultivated P. sativum, as was previously thought, but has probably been domesticated independently. Modern cultivars are shown to form a single group within Pisum as a whole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 1103-1111 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Diversity ; Molecular-markers ; Pea (Pisum) ; Relatedness-trees ; Mantel's test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA-based molecular-marker techniques have been proven powerful in genetic diversity estimations. Among them, RFLP was the first and is still the most commonly used in the estimation of genetic diversity of eukaryotic species. The recently developed PCR-based multiple-loci marker techniques, which include RAPD, AFLP, Microsatellite-AFLP and inter-SSR PCR, are playing increasingly important roles in this type of research. Despite the wide application of these techniques, no direct comparison of these methods in the estimation of genetic diversity has been carried out. Here we report a direct comparison of DNA-based RFLP with various PCR-based techniques regarding their informativeness and applicability for genetic diversity analysis. Among ten pea genotypes studied, all the PCR-based methods were much more informative than cDNA-RFLP. Genetic diversity trees were derived from each marker technique, and compared using Mantel's test. By this criterion, all trees derived from the various molecular marker techniques, except for the tree derived from inter-SSR PCR, were significantly correlated, suggesting that these PCR-based techniques could replace RFLP in the estimation of genetic diversity. On the basis of this result, AFLP analysis was applied to assess the genetic diversity of a sample of accessions representing the various species and subspecies within the genus Pisum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 1103-1111 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Diversity ; Molecular-markers ; Pea (Pisum) ; Relatedness-trees ; Mantel's test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA-based molecular-marker techniques have been proven powerful in genetic diversity estimations. Among them, RFLP was the first and is still the most commonly used in the estimation of genetic diversity of eukaryotic species. The recently developed PCR-based multiple-loci marker techniques, which include RAPD, AFLP, Microsatellite-AFLP and inter-SSR PCR, are playing increasingly important roles in this type of research. Despite the wide application of these techniques, no direct comparison of these methods in the estimation of genetic diversity has been carried out. Here we report a direct comparison of DNA-based RFLP with various PCR-based techniques regarding their informativeness and applicability for genetic diversity analysis. Among ten pea genotypes studied, all the PCR-based methods were much more informative than cDNA-RFLP. Genetic diversity trees were derived from each marker technique, and compared using Mantel's test. By this criterion, all trees derived from the various molecular marker techniques, except for the tree derived from inter-SSR PCR, were significantly correlated, suggesting that these PCR-based techniques could replace RFLP in the estimation of genetic diversity. On the basis of this result, AFLP analysis was applied to assess the genetic diversity of a sample of accessions representing the various species and subspecies within the genus Pisum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 751-758 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lens ; AFLP ; RAPD ; Phylogeny ; Diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract AFLP and RAPD marker techniques have been used to evaluate and study the diversity and phylogeny of 54 lentil accessions representing six populations of cultivated lentil and its wild relatives. Four AFLP primer combinations revealed 23, 25, 52 and 48 AFLPs respectively, which were used to partition variation within and among Lens taxa. The results of AFLP analysis is compared to previous RAPD analysis of the same material. The two methods provide similar conclusions as far as the phylogeny of Lens is concerned. The AFLP technique detected a much higher level of polymorphyism than the RAPD analysis. The use of 148 AFLPs arising from four primer combinations was able to discriminate between genotypes which could not be distinguished using 88 RAPDs. The level of variation detected within the cultivated lentil with AFLP analysis indicates that it may be a more efficient marker technology than RAPD analysis for the construction of genetic linkage maps between carefully chosen cultivated lentil accessions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Tropical animal health and production 22 (1990), S. 206-212 
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs rapportent les résultats de 3 expériences ayant pour but la lutte contre la gale sarcoptique en Indonésie. Expérience n° 1: le traitement à l'ivermectine à la dose de 200 mg par kg de poids vif ou au coumaphos (bain en solution à 0,05 p. 100) a entraîné une réduction significative du nombre des parasites et un accroissement du poids corporel. Chez les témoins non traités au contraire, tous les animaux ont dû être retirés de l'expérience en raison de la sévérité de l'infection. Expérience n° 2: 3 niveaux de traitment par l'ivermectine ont montré une efficacité identique dans la réduction du nombre des acariens, tandis que là encore les animaux témoins non-traités ont dû être retirés. Expérience n° 3: Elle a révélé une réduction significativement plus grande dans le nombre des parasites après 2 doses d'ivermectine à sept jours d'intervalle, comparée à une dose unique. Comme dans les 2 expériences précédentes, la majorité des témoins a dû être soustraite au protocole. Les stratégies de lutte possibles et les raisons des échecs dans l'élimination des parasites font l'objet de la discussion.
    Abstract: Resumen Se describen los resultados de tres experimentos a controlar sarna sarcóptica en cabras en Indonesia. En el experimento I, el tratamiento con ivermectina (200 µg/kg de peso corporal) o con cumafos (0.05 % de una solución para baño de inmersión) dió como resultado una reducción significativa en el número de parásitos y en el incremento de peso, mientras que en el grupo de controles no tratados, todos los animales tuvieron que ser retirados del experimento debido a la severidad de la infección. En el experimento 2 tres niveles de tratamiento con ivermectina, fueron igualmente efectivos en reducir el número de ácaros; mientras que los animales no tratados tuvieron también que ser retirados. El tercer experimento dió como resultado una reducción significativa en el número de ácaros después de dos dosis de ivermectina con un intervalo de siete días, comparada con una dosis sencilla. Otra vez, la mayoría de controles no tratados tuvieron que ser retirados. Se discute en este trabajo las estrategias futuras de control y las razones de las fallas para eliminar la presencia de ácaros.
    Notes: Summary The results of three experiments aimed at controlling sarcoptic mange in goats in Indonesia are reported. In Experiment 1 treatment with ivermectin (0·2 mg/kg body weight) or coumaphos (0·05% dip solution) resulted in a significant reduction in mite numbers and an increase in body weight while in the untreated controls all animals had to be withdrawn from the experiment due to severity of infection. In Experiment 2 three treatment levels of ivermectin were shown to be equally effective in reducing mite numbers, while again all untreated control animals were withdrawn. The third experiment demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in mite numbers following two doses of ivermectin at a seven day interval when compared to a single dose. Again the majority of untreated control animals were withdrawn. Future control strategies and reasons for failure to eliminate the presence of mites are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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