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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transforming growth factor-β2 inhibits interleukin 1β-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat renal mesangial cells (1997)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 46 (1997), S. 327-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Nitric oxide — Interleukin-1β— Transforming growth factor β— Mesangial cell — Nitric oxide synthase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: We have investigated whether transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2) influences the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).¶Material: Rat renal mesangial cells exposed to the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β).¶Results: Addition of TGF-β2 dose-dependently suppresses IL-1β-induced nitrite formation. Western and Northern blot analyses of mesangial cell extracts reveal that the inhibition of IL-1β-induced nitrite formation by TGF-β2 is due to decreased iNOS protein and iNOS mRNA steady state levels. Reduction of iNOS mRNA levels is due to decreased transcriptional activity of the iNOS gene under the action of TGF-β2 as shown by nuclear run on experiments.¶Conclusions: TGF-β2 is a potent inhibitor of iNOS expression acting by reducing the transcriptional activity of the iNOS gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050196
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the analysis of the cat's pattern recognition system (1983)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 48 (1983), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The objective of the paper is to determine in abstract terms the algorithms used by the cat detecting simple patterns and to quantify the contributions of the visual areas 17, 18, 19 for this task. The data incorporated in the algorithm are collected from behavioral experiments where the animals had to distinguish between two patterns. The patterns were superimposed with gaussian noise and the detection probability was measured. The resulting model describes pattern recognition in two steps: first extraction of features and second classification. The test of the validity of the model system was to predict the outcome of similar experiments but with different patterns. With the help of the model it is possible to deccribe the effect of a lesion in parametric form. This in turn gives some hints about the functions of the visual areas 17, 18, 19 for the specific fask, tested in the experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00344395
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suboptimum solutions obtained by the Hopfield-Tank neural network algorithm (1991)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 65 (1991), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The neural network method of Hopfield and Tank claims to be able to find nearly-optimum solutions for discrete optimization problems, e.g. the travelling salesman problem. In the present paper, an example is given which shows that the Hopfield-Tank algorithm systematically prefers certain solutions even if the energy values of these solutions are clearly higher than the energy of the global minimum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202388
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FS04.2
Immunotoxic effects of arylamine dyes (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.
    Contact dermatitis 50 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Allergic reactions to arylamine dyes are well-known causes for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). These compounds are found in synthetic and natural materials, hair dyes, sun screen, photographic additives as well as temporary tattoos. Cross-reactions between different para-compounds have been frequently observed but the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. We investigated the immunogenic capacities of p-phenylendiamine (PPD), Bandrowski’s base (BB), 2-methyl-1,4-phenylendiammoniumsulfat (PTD), 4-aminoazobenzene (AAB), disperse orange (DO), disperse yellow (DY), 4–4-diaminophenylmethan (DDM), bismarckbrown (BBY) and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) by measuring the proliferative responses of T-cells on polyclonal and monoclonal level (thymidine incorporation). T cell responses were based on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Recently, we characterized PPD/BB T cell clones (TCC) as predominantly CD4+/CD45RO+ cells with a alpha/beta T cell receptor (Sieben et al., 2002). We isolated T cell lines (TCL, n = 16) and T cell clones (TCC, n = 20) from totally 11 PPD-allergic persons and 5 exposed persons. We established TCLs and TCCs to 4 para-amino compounds. We found some PPD and/or BB specific TCCs with no cross-reactivity to the other compounds tested. Some TCCs showed a narrow range of cross-reactions (BB, BBY, MBT), while others reacted to 6 different para-amino compounds. We observed similiar patterns of crossreaction for the TCLs. The stimulation indices (SI) varied between 2.2 and 14.0. Our preliminary results on cross-reactions between para-amino compounds support recent findings in mice (Wulferink et al., 2002) demonstrating a limited discriminatory capacity of T cells carrying an alpha/beta T cell receptor. Further studies on the mechanisms of cross-reactivities and the cytokine profiles are now under investigation. This study was supported by the Interdiciplinary Center for Clinical Research and Biomaterials (IZKF, Germany) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0309ak.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate Differentially Affects Interleukin 1β- and cAMP-Induced Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Rat Renal Mesangial Cells
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 200 (1994), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1994.1429
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A fast ADC interface with data reduction facilities for multi-parameter experiments in nuclear physics
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 193 (1982), S. 521-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(82)90245-2
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of heterogeneous macromolecular structures Part I: Microgels and coated microgels (1986)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 264 (1986), S. 498-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Microgels ; coated microgels ; segregation ; dynamic light scattering ; model calculations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Homopolymeric microgels composed of PMMA were prepared by emulsion polymerization in the presence of 0.5 % 1,4-butanediol divinylether (BVE) in an aqueous medium followed by careful removal of the soap. The microgels were coated with polystyrene (PS) by anionic grafting of living PS chains onto the surface. Both types of microgels were characterized by GPC and by static and dynamic light scattering in several solvents. A special model consisting of a hard core and a seam of dangling chains has been developed and applied to interpreting the light scattering data from the various solvents. The model gives consistent results, e. g. the core radius agrees well with the radius of gyration. In the coated microgels a strong expansion of the core as a result of the PS/ PMMA incompatibility is observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01422003
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wing profile data of a free-gliding bird (1989)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 76 (1989), S. 39-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00368314
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bilaterale laparoskopische transperitoneale Adrenalektomie beim Phäochromozytom (1997)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 382 (1997), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Pheochromocytoma ; Minimally invasive surgery ; Bilateral transperitoneal adrenalectomy ; Schlüsselwörter Phäochromozytom ; Minimalinvasive Chirurgie ; Bilaterale transperitoneale Adrenalektomie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die minimalinvasive Chirurgie der Nebenniere ist sowohl laparoskopisch-transperitoneal als auch endoskopisch-extraperitoneal sicher und mit geringer Morbidität durchführbar. Erste vergleichende Darstellungen mit konventionell operierten Patienten belegen die Vorzüge der minimalinvasiven Technik. Gegenüber der endoskopischen retroperitonealen Adrenalektomie bietet das laparoskopisch-anteriore Vorgehen den Vorteil der übersichtlicheren Exposition unter Orientierung an anatomischen Leitstrukturen sowie die Möglichkeit von laparoskopischen Synchroneingriffen. Anhand 2er Fallberichte wird die von uns angewandte transperitoneale Operationstechnik zur synchronen bilateralen laparoskopischen Adrenalektomie wegen eines beidseitigen Phäochromozytoms beschrieben. Die Operationszeiten betrugen 210 bzw. 270 min, der intraoperative Blutverlust lag bei 350 bzw. 400 ml. Postoperative Komplikationen traten nicht auf, eine vollständige körperliche Mobilität war bereits am 1. postoperativen Tag gegeben. Immunologische Untersuchungen belegen die geringe Invasivität des Eingriffs.
    Notes: Abstract Laparoscopic transperitoneal and endoscopic extraperitoneal adrenalectomy are two safe options in minimally invasive surgery associated with a very low morbidity. Comparative studies with the conventional access to the adrenal gland demonstrated the advantages of the endoscopic technique. The anterior transperitoneal approach yields a better exposure of the anatomic structures and allows the surgeon to orient himself more easily, while at the same time he may perform additional laparoscopic maneuvers. In two cases of bilateral pheochromocytoma a bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed simultaneously by employing the transperitoneal approach. The duration of surgery was approximately 210 and 270 min, respectively, with an intraoperative blood loss of about 350 and 400 ml. There were no complications following this procedure. Already on the 1st postoperative day, the patients could be fully mobilized. Furthermore, immunological data obtained perioperatively support the minimal invasiveness of this technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008009
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic light scattering from spherical particles (1983)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 261 (1983), S. 635-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Dynamic light scattering ; latex particles ; microgels ; hydrodynamic radius ; internal motions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The dynamic light scattering behavior of poly(butylmethacrylate) PBMA microgels and of kappa-casein micelles is compared with that from hard sphere latex particles. The latex particles and the kappa-casein micelles exhibited a single exponential decay of the time correlation function (TCF). For the microgels, progessively stronger deviations from a single exponential were observed as the scattering angle was made larger. These deviations are interpreted as being the result of internal modes of motion. From measurement of the first cumulant of the TCF, extrapolated towards zero angle, the translational diffusion coefficients D were determined, and the hydrodynamically effective radii were calculated via the Stokes-Einstein relationship. The ratio of the radius of gyration to the hydrodynamic radius was found to beϱ=0.775+0.012 for the latex particles, in good agreement with theory. The microgels, however, exhibit much lowerϱ-parameters of 0.49 to 0.58, while the kappa-casein micelles showed the opposite behavior with values between 1.1 and 2.5. The results are interpreted on the basis of the DebyeBueche and Deutsch-Felderhof theory for porous spheres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01415033
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