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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning and characterization of a TEF gene for elongation factor 1α from the yeast Arxula adeninivorans (1995)
    Springer
    Current genetics 28 (1995), S. 360-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Arxula adeninivorans ; Dimorphism ; Elongation factor 1α
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The translation elongation factor EF-1α appears to play a major role in the control of cell proliferation and ageing in higher eukaryotes. Here we report the cloning of the TEF1 gene encoding the elongation factor 1α of the dimorphic yeast Arxula adeninivorans Ls3. The gene is localized on chromosome 2 from Arxula adeninivorans, comprises 1380 bp and encodes a protein containing 459 amino acids. In contrast to other fungi, a second TEF gene encoding an identical, or nearly identical, polypeptide could not be identified. The transcriptional activity of the TEF1 gene did not change during mycelial growth, whereas a slight decrease could be detected during the yeast growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326434
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genome organization of mitochondrial DNA from the non-saccharomycete yeast Arxula adeninivorans LS3 (1992)
    Springer
    Current genetics 22 (1992), S. 505-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Arxula adeninivorans ; mtDNA ; Physical and genetic map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mitochondrial (mt) DNA of the asexual ascomycetous yeast Arxula adeninivorans LS3 was isolated and characterized. The mtDNA has a GC content of 30.3 mol%. It is circular and its size, as estimated by restriction analysis performed with nine endonucleases, was 35.5 kbp. Using mt gene-probes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae six structural genes (cob, cox1, cox2, oli1, oli2, and 21S rRNA) were located on the mitochondrial genome of A. adeninivorans. The comparison between the mt genomes of A. adeninivorans and other yeasts showed differences in genome organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326417
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical mapping and genome organization of mitochondrial DNA from Candida maltosa (1986)
    Springer
    Current genetics 10 (1986), S. 527-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Candida maltosa ; mtDNA ; Physical and genetic map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mitochondrial (mt) DNA of the ascomycetous yeast Candida maltosa was isolated and characterized. The mtDNA is circular and the size estimated from restriction analysis performed with 7 endonucleases was 52 kb pairs. A restriction map was constructed, using the cleavage data of four endonucleases. Using mt genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, six structural genes (large rRNA, apocytochrome b, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and subunit 11, ATPase subunit 6 and subunit 9) were located on the C. maltosa chondriome by cross hybridization experiments. The comparison between the mt genomes of C. maltosa and six other yeasts showed differences in the overall genome organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447386
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for secretion of vacuolar α-mannosidase, class I chitinase, and class I β-1,3-glucanase in suspension cultures of tobacco cells (1998)
    Springer
    Planta 205 (1998), S. 92-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Chitinase  ;  β-1 ; 3-Glucanase ; α-Manno‐sidase ; Nicotiana ; Protein secretion ; Suspension culture ; Vacuolar enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. We have investigated the possibility that vacuolar proteins can be secreted into the medium of cultured cells of Nicotiana tabacum L. Time-course and balance-sheet experiments showed that a large fraction, up to ca. 19%, of vacuolar α-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24) and vacuolar class I chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) in suspension cultures accumulated in the medium within one week after subculturing. This effect was most pronounced in media containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Under comparable conditions only a small fraction, 1.8–5.1% of the total protein and ca. 1% of malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), which is localized primarily in the mitochondria and cytoplasm, accumulated in the medium. Pulse-chase experiments showed that newly synthesized vacuolar class I isoforms of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) were released into the medium. Post-translational processing, but not the release of these proteins, was delayed by the secretion inhibitor brefeldin A. Only forms of the proteins present in the vacuole, i.e. mature chitinase and pro-β-1,3-glucanase and mature β-1,3-glucanase, were chased into the medium of tobacco cell-suspension cultures. Our results provide strong evidence that vacuolar α-mannosidase, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase can be secreted into the medium. They also suggest that secretion of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase might be via a novel pathway in which the proteins pass through the vacuolar compartment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050300
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature-dependent dimorphism of the yeastArxula adeninivorans Ls3 (1995)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 68 (1995), S. 215-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Arxula adeninivorans ; dimorphism ; glucoamylase ; invertase ; thermoresistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Arxula adeninivorans Ls3 is described as an ascomycetous, arthroconidial, anamorphic, xerotolerant yeast, which was selected from wood hydrolysates in Siberia. By using minimal salt medium or yeast-extract-peptone-medium with glucose or maltose as carbon source it was shown that this yeast is able to grow at up to 48° C. Increasing temperatures induce changes in morphology from the yeast phase to mycelia depending on an altered programme of gene expression. This dimorphism is an environmentally conditioned (reversible) event and the mycelia can be induced at a cultivation temperature of 45° C. Depending on the morphology of strain Ls3 (yeast phase or mycelia) the secretion behaviour as well as the spectrum of polypeptides accumulated in the culture medium changed. The activities of the accumulated extracellular enzymes glucoamylase and invertase were 2 to 3 times higher in cultures grown at 45° C than in those grown at 30° C. While the level of the glucoamylase protein secreted from mycelia between 45 and 70 hours did not change, biochemical activity decreased after a cultivation time of 43 hours. It was shown that this effect depended on both the catabolic repression of the glucoamylase by glucose and the thermal inactivation of this enzyme in media without or with low concentrations of starch or maltose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00871818
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Halotolerance of the yeast Arxula adeninivorans LS3 (2000)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 77 (2000), S. 303-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Arxula adeninivorans ; glucoamylase ; glycerol ; halotolerance ; secreted protein ; trehalose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The non-pathogenic, dimorphic, ascomycetous yeast Arxula adeninivorans LS3 is halotolerant. It can grow in a minimal medium containing up to 20% NaCl. The growth parameters are only weakly influenced by 10% NaCl. However, NaCl in a concentration higher than 10% causes a decrease in the specific growth rate, a longer adaptation phase and a lower cell count in the stationary growth phase. Concentrations of glycerol and trehalose, which differed 100-fold in magnitude in a salt free medium, are also influenced differently by salt. NaCl induces accumulation of intracellular glycerol in exponentially growing cells but a reduced concentration of intracellular trehalose in stationary cells. Transcripts of the genes ARFC3, encoding a component of the replication factor C, and GAA, encoding a secretory glucoamylase, can be detected only in cells cultured in media with NaCl concentrations below 10%. Furthermore, NaCl in high concentration reduces the level of secreted proteins including glucoamylase end invertase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002636606282
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization ofArxula adeninivorans strains from different habitats (1994)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 65 (1994), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Arxula adeninivorans ; DNA-fingerprinting ; pulsed field gel electrophoresis ; secretory proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract SomeArxula adeninivorans strains selected from wood hydrolysates in Siberia, from soil in South Africa and from maize silage and soil in The Netherlands were compared. DNA-fingerprinting, pulse field gel electrophoresis as well as analysis of secretory proteins have been chosen to describe the similarities among the strains. Combination of the three methods allowed identification of each strain. Strains from the same origin show extensive similarities. The results of the DNA-fingerprints indicate that the strain isolated in Siberia belongs to the group of strains originated from South Africa. However, it differed in the molecular weight of the third chromosome and in the pattern of secretory proteins from the South African isolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878276
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological characterization of a microbial sensor containing the yeast Arxula adeninivorans LS3 (1997)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 71 (1997), S. 345-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Arxula adeninivorans ; microbial sensor ; yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The yeast Arxula adeninivorans LS3 is a suitable organism for use as part of a microbial sensor. In combination with an amperometric oxygen electrode the sensor offered a possibility for the physiological characterization of this yeast. About 300-400 measurements could be carried out with a single Arxula sensor. The microbial sensor was remarkably stable for over 35 days, when kept at 37 °C during the operation time and at room temperature overnight. The physiological characteristics of Arxula adeninivorans LS3 obtained with the sensor technique were identical to the data obtained with the conventional techniques. However, the sensor technique makes it additionally possible to quantify the physiological data. So the substrates ribose, citric acid, glycerol, oil and benzoate produced signals lower than 10% in comparison to the glucose signal. Fructose, xylose, sucrose, maltose, gentianose, glucosamine, glutamic acid, tryptophan, butyric acid, lauryl acid and propionic acid reached 10-70%, galactose, alanine, glycine, lysine and methionine signals were similar to the glucose signal whereas acetic acid, ethyl alcohol, capron acid, capryl acid and caproic acid reached the highest signals up to 434%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1000231111592
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable expression of vicilin fromVicia faba with eight additional single methionine residues but failure of accumulation of legumin with an attached peptide segment in tobacco seeds (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 1 (1995), S. 245-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: legumin ; methionine ; modification ; nutritional value ; Vicia faba ; vicilin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two different attempts have been undertaken to improve the amino acid composition of storage proteins from field bean (Vicia faba) by genetic engineering. First, legumin was modified to generate a new peptide sequence at the C-terminus containing 4 methionine residues. Second, vicilin was modified by generating 8 single methionine residues distributed over the peptide sequence. The genes were expressed in different systems includingin vitro transcription and translation and stable transformation into tobacco. The modified legumin was found to be unstable when expressed in tobacco seeds. Although specific mRNA was detected on RNA gel blots, no protein could be found by using protein gel blotting and ELISA. Furthermore, a protease preparation able to process the original legumin precursorin vitro degraded the modified legumin precursor. Contrary, the modified vicilin was accumulated in seeds of tobacco transformed with the gene under the control of the seed specific USP promoter. Both the original and the modified vicilin could be detected on protein gel blots at the expected position. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was employed to analyse the expression of original vicilin. Three vicilin-specific products of almost equal size were observed, indicating a slight modification leading to a change of pI. Quantitative determination using competitive ELISA showed that there is no significant difference in accumulation between original and modified vicilin. In both cases, three plants were found with vicilin amounts in the range of 1–3% of total globulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277425
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetical and biochemical characterization of saccharomyces cerevisiae industrial strains (1993)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 346 (1993), S. 868-871 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Different brewing and wine yeast strains were characterized by means of different genetical and biochemical techniques like pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, DNA-finger printing and one-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of secretory proteins. By combination of all three methods it was possible to distinguish each yeast strain from the other. Especially, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was the appropriate method for distinguishing the strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321307
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