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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Batch and continuous cultivation of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens for the production of succinic acid from whey (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Batch and continuous cultivation of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens were systematically studied for the production of succinic acid from whey. Addition of 2.5 g l−1 yeast extract and 2.5 g l−1 polypeptone per 10 g l−1 whey was most effective for succinic acid production from both treated and nontreated whey. When 20 g l−1 nontreated whey and 7 g l−1 glucose were used as cosubstrates, the yield and productivity of succinic acid reached at the end of fermentation were 95% and 0.46 g (l h)−1, respectively. These values were higher than those obtained using nontreated whey alone [93% and 0.24 g (l h)−1 for 20 g l−1 whey]. Continuous fermentation of A. succiniciproducens at an optimal dilution rate resulted in the production of succinic acid with high productivity [1.35 g (l h)−1], high conversion yield (93%), and higher ratio of succinic acid to acetic acid (5.1:1) from nontreated whey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000331
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electro-optic characteristics of 4-domain vertical alignment nematic liquid crystal display with interdigital electrode (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 8259-8263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have fabricated a vertically aligned 4-domain nematic liquid crystal display cell with thin film transistor. Unlike the conventional method constructing 4-domain, i.e., protrusion and surrounding electrode which needs additional processes, in this study the pixel design forming 4-domain with interdigital electrodes is suggested. In the device, one pixel is divided into two parts. One part has a horizontal electric field in the vertical direction and the other part has a horizontal one in the horizontal direction. Such fields in the horizontal and vertical direction drive the liquid crystal director to tilt down in four directions. In this article, the electro-optic characteristics of cells with 2 and 4 domain have been studied. The device with 4 domain shows faster response time than normal twisted-nematic and in-plane switching cells, wide viewing angle with optical compensation film, and more stable color characteristics than 2-domain vertical alignment cell with similar structure. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373535
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vacuum ultraviolet emission dynamics of a coplanar electrode microdischarge: dependence on voltage and Xe concentration (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 92 (2002), S. 682-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report nanosecond time-resolved measurements of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) emission and current waveforms for a planar, surface-discharge plasma display electrode in Xe/Ne mixtures. The 173 nm excimer emission is separately resolved from the overall VUV emission by a removable fused silica filter. The time difference between the maximum of excimer emission and that of resonant atomic emission is measured at high Xe concentration. The decay time of the overall VUV emission decreases strongly as the Xe concentration increases due to three-body collisions leading to Xe2 formation. The decay time constants versus Xe concentration and pressure are measured and compared with published rate constants. The efficiency of VUV emission increases rapidly from 4% to 10% Xe, but only marginally with further increase to 30% Xe. For fixed Xe ratio, the VUV emission efficiency drops with increasing driving voltage. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1486041
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of periodic backflushing with filtrate on filtration performance in an internal-filtration bioreactor (1997)
    Springer
    Bioprocess engineering 16 (1997), S. 253-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0178-515X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Periodic backflushing of tubular ceramic membrane filters with filtrate was employed to alleviate membrane fouling in a bioreactor with internal-filtration. As the model system, yeast fermentation was dealt with in this study. There existed optimum backflushing interval and time to give a maximum flux recovery. At 16 g/l of yeast cell concentration, the mean flux increased about 2.5 times by using such repeated operation cycles as consisted of 4.53 minutes for filtration, 4.5 seconds for intermission, and 40 seconds for backflushing. Effects of aeration, agitation speed, and yeast cell concentration were also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004490050317
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis global coupled model and its climate (2000)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 16 (2000), S. 451-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  A global, three-dimensional climate model, developed by coupling the CCCma second-generation atmospheric general circulation model (GCM2) to a version of the GFDL modular ocean model (MOM1), forms the basis for extended simulations of past, current and projected future climate. The spin-up and coupling procedures are described, as is the resulting climate based on a 200 year model simulation with constant atmospheric composition and external forcing. The simulated climate is systematically compared to available observations in terms of mean climate quantities and their spatial patterns, temporal variability, and regional behavior. Such comparison demonstrates a generally successful reproduction of the broad features of mean climate quantities, albeit with local discrepancies. Variability is generally well-simulated over land, but somewhat underestimated in the tropical ocean and the extratropical storm-track regions. The modelled climate state shows only small trends, indicating a reasonable level of balance at the surface, which is achieved in part by the use of heat and freshwater flux adjustments. The control simulation provides a basis against which to compare simulated climate change due to historical and projected greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing as described in companion publications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050339
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of surfactants on ethanol fermentation using glucose and cellulosic hydrolyzates (1996)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 18 (1996), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the non-ionic surfactants on the ethanol fermentation was greatly dependent on the surfactant added. While Tween 20 and Tween 80 slightly enhanced ethanol fermentation, Triton X-100 which exhibited the inghest increase in the enzymatic saccharification had a negative effect on the ethanol fermentation. The negative effect of Triton X-100 on ethanol production was the most pronounced when the cellulosic hydrolyzates were used. Tween 80 showed the best performance for the ethanol production from steam exploded wood hydrolyzate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00142948
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volatile fatty acids production from food wastes and its application to biological nutrient removal (2000)
    Springer
    Bioprocess engineering 22 (2000), S. 543-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 0178-515X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Korean food wastes were anaerobically digested to produce volatile fatty acids (VFA) that can be used as a carbon source in biological nutrient removal in a sequential batch reactor (SBR). Acetate, propionate and butyrate were produced at a yield of 379–400 g VFA/kg VS0 (initial volatile solids). The ratio of SCOD (Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand) of VFA to ammonia nitrogen (N) was in the range of 36.2–36.5 and the ratio of SCOD to phosphorus was between 151 and 162. The removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus improved from 44% and 37% to 92% and 73%, respectively when the VFA were added to the influent of the Taejon municipal wastewater plant. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus were maintained below 3 mg/l and 1 mg/l, respectively. The N- and P-content of the food waste was low enough not to influence the final N- and P-concentrations of the wastewater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004499900109
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term operation of continuous high cell density culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with membrane filtration and on-line cell concentration monitoring (1999)
    Springer
    Bioprocess engineering 21 (1999), S. 97-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0178-515X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract An internal membrane-filtration bioreactor system with periodic fouling removal and on-line cell measurement was employed for long-term continuous ethanol production from glucose in order to prove its performance and practicality. The bioreactor system developed in this study was successfully operated for 2 months with no problems in the maintenance of filtration flux. The maximum productivity obtained in this study was about 13 g/l-h which was ca. 3.3 times higher than that obtained in a conventional chemostat without cell retention by membrane. In another run of continuous culture, the laser turbidimeter used for the on-line monitoring of cell concentration showed a stable performance for 45 days without sensitivity loss due to fouling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009070
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