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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 853-857 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: ELISA ; mouse test ; potency ; rabies ; vaccine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eight different rabies vaccines were tested for their potency in the standard mouse potency test using 3-, 5- and 7-week-old mice. 5-week-old mice seem to be best suited for this purpose, variability from test to test could be reduced considerably. An ELISA was used in parallel for the evaluation of the rabies glycoprotein content of rabies vaccines. Results of the mouse potency test correlated well with those of the ELISA if highly purified human vaccines were tested. Unspecific reactions in the ELISA caused by adjuvanted veterinary vaccines could not be blocked. Further experiments will be needed in order to evaluate the potency of inactivated veterinary rabies vaccines by a in vitro test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 13 (1934), S. 20-21 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 14 (1935), S. 1498-1499 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 30 (1952), S. 662-663 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 132 (1933), S. 280-281 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] EXPERIMENTS on the significance of the aqueous humour in the lens's metabolism, which I have been carrying out during the past few years1, have shown that the power of the aqueous humour of cattle and of the rabbit to reduce methylene blue does not depend upon the presence of an ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 253 (1966), S. 38-40 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Das Froschherz (Rana temporaria) enthielt als einzig nachweisbares Brenzcatechinamin Adrenalin. Der Adrenalingehalt der Kammer-muskulatur war höher (65%) als derjenige der Vorhofmuskulatur (35%). Das Adrenalin des Froschherzens war zu 50% in der durch Differentialzentrifugieren gewonnenen partikulären Fraktion 100 000 × g lokalisiert. Nach Injektion von Dopa und von α-Methyldopa nahm der Adrenalingehalt im Froschherz um mehr als 50% ab. Im ersten Fall — „Freisetzung“ von Adrenalin — wurde der Verlust nur durch Dopamin, im zweiten Fall — „verdrängende Synthese“ — durch α-Methyldopamin und α-Methylnoradrenalin, überwiegend aber durch α-Methyladrenalin ersetzt. — Am isolierten Froschherz nach Straub war α-Methylnoradrenalin positiv inotrop ebenso wirksam wie Adrenalin und deutlich wirksamer als Noradrenalin. 2. Nach Vorbehandlung mit α-Methyldopa konnte auch in den Nebennieren von Rana temporaria, die mehr Noradrenalin als Adrenalin enthielten, α-Methyldopamin, α-Methylnoradrenalin und α-Methyladrenalin nachgewiesen werden. Die mehr als 50%ige Abnahme an physiologischen Brenzcatechinaminen wurde aber nur zu einem geringen Teil (zu etwa 10%) durch die α-methylierten Verbindungen, hauptsächlich durch α-Methylnoradrenalin, ausgeglichen. — Nach Injektion von Dopa ließ sich Dopamin nachweisen, und der Noradrenalingehalt war — bei praktisch unverändertem Adrenalingehalt — um 100% erhöht. 3. In der Froschhaut wurde — neben großen Mengen Serotonin (90 μg/g) — Adrenalin als einziges Brenzcatechinamin gefunden. Wie im Herz, verursachte α-Methyldopa auch in der Froschhaut eine Abnahme des Adrenalingehaltes um ungefähr 50%, die durch α-Methyladrenalin ausgeglichen wurde. Nach Injektion von α-Methyldopa enthielt die Haut jedoch — im Gegensatz zum Herz — 5 mal, nach Injektion von Dopa 40mal mehr α-Methyldopamin bzw. Dopamin als dem Verlust an Adrenalin entsprach. 4. α-Methyldopa verursachte eine Expansion der Hautmelanophoren (Dunkelung der Haut), Dopa eine Kontraktion (Aufhellung der Haut). Die durch beide Aminosäuren verminderte periphere Durchblutung (Froschschwimmhaut) stand in keiner kausalen Beziehung zur „Melanophorenwirkung“. Unter Zugrundelegung einer adrenergischen Innervation der Melanophoren wird als Ursache der nach α-Methyldopa auftretenden Expansion die Verdrängung des physiologischen Wirkstoffs Adrenalin durch α-Methyladrenalin, als Ursache der nach Dopa auftretenden Aufhellung der Haut eine die Melanophoren „kontrahierende“ Eigenwirkung des in großen Mengen sich bildenden Dopamins und/oder des durch dieses freigesetzten Adrenalins diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary 1. Adrenaline was the only catecholamine occurring in the frog heart. The adrenaline content was higher in the ventricle (65%) than in the atrium (35%). 50% of the adrenaline of the heart was localised in the particulate fraction 100,000 × g. After the injection of dopa and of α-methyldopa, the adrenaline content of the heart was more than 50% diminished. In the first case—“liberation” of adrenaline—the loss was replaced by dopamine only; in the second case — “displacing synthesis” — it was replaced mainly by α-methyladrenaline and also by α-methyldopamine and α-methylnoradrenaline. — On the isolated frog heart the positive inotropic action of α-methylnoradrenaline was equal to that of adrenaline and much stronger than that of noradrenaline. 2. After pretreatment with α-methyldopa in the adrenals of rana temporaria, which normally contained more noradrenaline than adrenaline, there occurred a synthesis of α-methyldopamine, α-methylnoradrenaline and α-methyladrenaline. However, the 50% decrease of the physiological catecholamines induced by α-methyldopa was replaced only to a minor part (10%) by the α-methylated amines, mainly by α-methylnoradrenaline. — After injection of dopa, the adrenals contained dopamine, and the noradrenaline content was 100% augmented. 3. In the frog skin, adrenaline was the only catecholamine besides large amounts of serotonin (90 μg/g). As in the heart, α-methyldopa produced in the skin a 50% decrease of adrenaline which was replaced by α-methyladrenaline. However, in contrast to the heart, the skin contained after injection of α-methyldopa five times, and after injection of dopa forty times more α-methyldopamine and dopamine respectively than was equivalent to the diminished adrenaline content. 4. α-methyldopa caused an expansion of the frog skin melanophores (darkening of the skin), whereas dopa caused a contraction (blanching of the skin). There was no causal relation between the diminished peripheral circulation (web areas) produced by both amino acids and their action on the melanophores. Assuming an adrenergic innervation of the melanophores, it is discussed whether their expansion after α-methyldopa may be the consequence of a displacement of the physiological transmitter (adrenaline) by α-methyladrenaline, and whether the contraction of the melanophores after dopa may be caused through a direct action of the synthesised dopamine on the melanophores and/or of the adrenaline released by the large amounts of dopamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 25 (1937), S. 251-252 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 229-231 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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