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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes ; Chemiluminescence ; Immune complexes ; Systemic lupus erythematosus ; Rheumatoid arthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The generation of chemiluminescence (CL)-detectable oxygen radicals by normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) after challenging with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) sera is described. CL was measured in a luminol-dependent assay and referred to a standard obtained when preformed immune complexes (Ic) (human tetanus toxoid-antitoxoid Ic resuspended in normal pooled serum) were tested on PMN. Normal sera gave rise to CL activity by PMN between 0% and 50% of the standard Ic (mean±standard error of the mean (SEM): 20.7±4.8). Sera from SLE and RA patients induced strikingly different biological effects on PMN. SLE sera generally induced a high CL-detectable generation of oxygen metabolites which may be causally related to the intense tissue damage (vasculitis) frequently observed in this disease. In contrast to SLE, RA sera induced a CL-detectable respiratory burst by PMN that was included in the normal range. Thus, the biological effects of these sera in terms of stimulation of toxic oxygen radical generation by phagocytes are quite different. This generation of oxygen radicals might reflect a different clearance of circulating Ic by PMN in SLE and RA disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Posttransfusion purpura ; Thrombocytopenia ; Blood transfusion ; Platelet antibodies ; HLA antigens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirteen cases of posttransfusion purpura (PTP) which were diagnosed in Germany and Austria from 1977–1985 are described. All patients were women with a mean age of 58.6 years (range, 36–77 years). All but one had been pregnant and received blood transfusions 2 to 12 days prior to the onset of PTP. The thrombocytopenic purpura was always severe with a nadir of platelet counts below 10×109/l and lasted between 3 and 60 days. All patients recovered from PTP. Optimal therapy consisted of administration of high-dose IgG. Twelve of the 13 patients had developed platelet-specific Zwa antibodies (eight of them together with HLA antibodies), in one Zwa positive individual only HLA antibodies were detectable. Five of six HLA-DR typed patients carried DR3 which is considered an immunogenetic risk factor in PTP. Clinical awareness of this rare, but serious iatrogenic transfusion complication is prerequisite for prompt diagnosis and improved therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The myocardial extraction of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate was determined in 55 metabolically normal patients during diagnostic heart catheterizations. In order to obtain a complete insight into the substrate supply of the myocardium, arterio-coronary-venous differences of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, non esterified fatty acids, amino acids and oxygen were also measured. From the considerably varying arterial concentrations of acetoacetate (7,2±0,66 µMol/100) and β-hydroxybutyrate (21,3±2,6 µMol/100) the human heart muscle extracts an average of 50% acetoacetate (3,6±0,36 µMol/100) and 35,2% β-hydroxybutyrate (7,5±1,2 µMol/100). Both substrates showed a statistically significant correlation between arterial concentration and myocardial extraction. The β-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate quotient was found to be 2,87±0,25 in the arterial and 3,69±0,31 in the coronaryvenous blood. Although a high percentage of the arterial level of acetoacetate is extracted by the heart, this substrate accounts for only 2,6±0,3% of the total oxydative myocardial metabolism. The value for β-hydroxybutyrate at 6,0±1,0% is considerably higher, thus obtaining an oxygen extraction ratio of 8,6% for the total ketone-bodies. The other substrates involved in the myocardial metabolism showed oxygen extraction ratios similar to those previously reported by our group: glucose 14,5±1,9%, lactate 12,9±1,1%, pyruvate 1,0±0,1%, non esterified fatty acids 69,7±3,0%. With higher arterial levels of ketone-bodies an increase of their oxygen extraction ratio was found, whereas the uptake of carbohydrates was proportionally decreased. The percentual extraction of non esterified fatty acids did not change. These results indicate that the myocardium oxidizes ketonebodies in preference to carbohydrates. The redox-potentials of the β-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate and the lactate/pyruvate systems are changed across the heart in an opposite way. The β-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate system becomes more negative (ΔE=−3,1±0,6 mV), the lactate/pyruvate system tends to be slightly positive (ΔE=+0,9±0,63 mV).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Verhalten von Acetacetat und β-Hydroxybutyrat im Stoffwechsel des menschlichen Herzens wurde im Rahmen diagnostischer Herzkatheterisationen an 55 stoffwechselgesunden Patienten untersucht. Außerdem erfolgte die Bestimmung der arterio-coronarvenösen Differenzen für Glucose, Lactat, Pyruvat, nicht veresterten Fettsäuren, Aminosäuren und Sauerstoff, um einen vollständigen Einblick in die Substratversorgung des Myokards zu erhalten. Bei physiologisch stark schwankenden arteriellen Konzentrationen von Acetacetat (7,2±0,66 µMol/100) und β-Hydroxybutyrat (21,3±2,6 µMol/100) extrahiert der Herzmuskel vom Angebot durchschnittlich 50% Acetacetat (3,6±0,36 µMol/100) und 35,2% β-Hydroxybutyrat (7,5±1,2 µMol/100). Für beide Substrate konnte zwischen arterieller Konzentration und myokardialer Extraktion eine statistisch gesicherte Abhängigkeit nachgewiesen werden. Der Quotient β-Hydroxybutyrat/Acetacetat beträgt arteriell 2,87±0,25 und coronarvenös 3,69±0,31. Der Anteil von Acetacetat am oxydativen Stoff-wechsel des menschlichen Herzens erreicht trotz hoher prozentualer Extraktion nur 2,6±0,3%. Der Wert für β-Hydroxybutyrat liegt mit 6,0±1,0% wesentlich höher, so daß sich für die Gesamtketonkörper ein Sauerstoffextraktionsquotient von 8,6% ergibt. Für die übrigen am Myokardstoffwechsel beteiligten Substrate errechnen sich Sauerstoffextraktionsquotienten, die in den von uns bereits früher angegebenen Bereich fallen: Glucose 14,5±1,9%, Lactat 12,9±1,1%, Pyruvat 1,0±0,1%, nicht veresterte Fettsäuren 69,7±3,0%. Bei überdurchschnittlich hohen arteriellen Ketonkörperkonzentrationen nimmt der Anteil der Ketonkörper am gesamten oxydativen Stoffwechsel des Herzens beträchtlich zu, während die Kohlenhydrate in etwa gleicher Größenordnung abnehmen. Die nicht veresterten Fettsäuren zeigen keine Änderung ihrer prozentualen Extraktion. Die Ketonkörper stellen somit gegenüber den Kohlenhydraten ein vom Herzmuskel bevorzugtes Substrat dar. Die Redoxpotentiale der Substratpaare ß-Hydroxybutyrat/Acetacetat und Lactat/Pyruvat werden bei der Herzmuskelpassage im Prinzip in gegensätzlicher Weise verändert, und zwar erfährt das β-Hydroxybutyrat/Acetacetat-System eine Negativierung (ΔE=−3,1±0,6 mV) und das Lactat/Pyruvat-System eine angedeutete Positivierung (ΔE=+0,9±0,63 mV).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 47 (1969), S. 1279-1280 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary An atypical transferrin was demonstrated in a 71 year old female patient showing an unusually high iron value in the serum. On immunoelectrophoresis, an enhanced and deformed transferrin precipitin band could be observed in theβ-region. The sedimentation diagram showed an additional component with a sedimentation coefficient S20w=9,3 S. The separation on Sephadex G-200 confirmed the ultracentrifuge findings; the atypical transferrin was eluted between the macroglobulins and the 7 S-globulins. A normal transferrin was not detected. The histological examination of a liver biopsy revealed cirrhotic changes similar to haemochromatosis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einer 71jährigen Patientin mit einem ungewöhnlich hohen Serumeisenwert wurde ein atypisches Transferrin nachgewiesen. In der Immunelektrophorese stellte sich im Beta-Bereich eine deformierte und verstärkte Transferrinpräcipitationslinie dar. Im Sedimentationsdiagramm erschien eine zusätzliche Komponente mit einem Sedimentationskoeffizienten S20w=9,3 S. Die Serumfraktionierung über Sephadex G 200 bestätigte den Ultrazentrifugenbefund; das atypische Transferrin erschien zwischen den Makroglobulinen und den 7 S-Globulinen im Eluat. Normales Transferrin ließ sich nicht nachweisen. Histologisch wurde bei der Patientin eine hämochromatose-ähnliche Leberveränderung mit cirrhotischem Umbau gefunden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 48 (1970), S. 96-104 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 11 cases of pure red cell anemia (PRCA) are reported. Association with a thymic tumor was noted in 5 patients, one of them having additional history of exposure to toxic agents. In a further case, the disease was initiated by a drug exposure. No aspects of pathological mechanism were noted in 4 other patients. One case terminated as chronic myelocytic leukemia two years after the onset of PRCA. Etiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis of the reported 11 cases of PRCA are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über 11 Patienten mit Erythroblastopenie berichtet. In 5 Fällen wurde eine Thymusveränderung nachgewiesen, einmal bestand zusätzlich und einmal allein eine toxische Exposition. Bei 4 weiteren Patienten ergaben sich keinerlei Hinweise auf ätiopathogenetische Mechanismen, wie sie bisher in der Literatur diskutiert werden. In einem Fall ging die Erythroblastopenie einer chronisch myeloischen Leukämie um 2 Jahre voraus. Anhand der eigenen Fälle wurde besonders auf die Ätiopathogenese der Erythroblastopenie eingegangen und die sich hieraus ergebenden therapeutischen Möglichkeiten diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Silicon wafers have been anodically bonded to sputtered lithium borosilicate glass layers (Itb 1060) at temperatures as low as 150–180 °C and to sputtered Corning 7740 glass layers at 400 °C. Dependent on the thickness of the glass layer and the sputtering rate, the sputtered glass layers incorporate compressive stresses which cause the wafer to bow. As a result of this bowing, no anodic bond can be established especially along the edges of the silicon wafer. Successful anodic bonding not only requires plane surfaces, but also is determined very much by the alkali concentration in the glass layer. The concentration of alkali ions as measured by EDX and SNMS depends on both the sputtering rate and the oxygen fraction in the argon process gas. In Itb 1060 layers produced at a sputtering rate of 0.2 nm/s, and in Corning 7740 layers produced at sputtering rates of 0.03 and 0.5 nm/s, respectively, the concentration of alkali ions in the glass layers was sufficiently high, at oxygen partial pressures below 10-4 Pa, to achieve anodic bonding. High-frequency ultrasonic microanalysis allowed the bonding area to be examined non-destructively. Tensile strengths between 4 and 14 MPa were measured in subsequent destructive tensile tests of single-bonded specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 40 (1994), S. 57-61 
    ISSN: 0924-4247
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The adrenomedullary content of neurotensin and substance P was examined 1, 6, and 12 days after hypoglycemic shock. The neurotensin content was increased 60-fold within 24 h and remained elevated for up to 12 days, whereas the substance Pcontent was increased approximately sevenfold within 24 h of insulin treatment and returned to control levels by 12 days poststimulation. Because protein kinase A, protein kinase C, and calcium influx in the rat adrenal medulla are all stimulated following splanchnic nerve stimulation, the differential regulation of neurotensin and substance P biosynthesis following stimulation of these three pathways was examined in bovine chromaffin cells in vitro. Neurotensin levels were up-regulated by elevated potassium, forskolin, and phorbol ester in bovine chromaffin cells. Substance P levels were up-regulated by elevated potassium and forskolin but not by phorbol ester treatment. When chromaffin cells were treated with phorbol ester in combination with forskolin, neurotensin levels were increased in a synergistic fashion, whereas phorbol ester antagonized the forskolin-induced elevation of substance P levels. Earlier, it was reported that galanin biosynthesis, like neurotensin biosynthesis, is upregulated by depolarization, phorbol ester stimulation, and forskolin treatment in chromaffin cells in vitro. Here we report that galanin is also, like neurotensin, increased 〉60-fold after stimulation of the rat adrenal medulla in vivo. Neuropeptide-specific combinatorial effects of stimulating the calcium, protein kinase A, and protein kinase C signaling pathways may underlie the quantitative differences between galanin and neurotensin compared with substance P up-regulation in rat adrenal medulla after splanchnic nerve stimulation in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 6 (1986), S. 9-12 
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 9 (1989), S. 247-252 
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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