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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 41 (1978), S. 97-101 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebroside ; Degradation ; Artificial necrosis ; Autolysis ; Fatty acids ; Radio gas liquid chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tetracosanoic-(15,16-3H) acid was used to form lignoceroyl psychosine (kerasin). Emulsion of the labelled sphingolipid was injected directly into the brain of adult rabbits and the resultant metabolic products were examined for radioactivity over a period of 21 days. In six animals the precursor was administered after application of cold on the exposed dura. This procedure was found to be an easy practical method for inducing local brain necrosis which resembled histologically and biochemically sudanophilic myelin breakdown occurring in some demyelinating diseases. Small amounts of the labelled material were used in an autolysis series and in an in-vitro study with brain homogenate. The radiochemical investigation revealed that most of the applied cerebroside remained unchanged. Some radioactivity was found in the ester linked fatty acids (glycerophospholipids and neutral fats), whose chains shortened with time down to acids with chain lengths of C 16 and C 18. Only very small amounts of kerasin were directly converted to sulphatides or via ceramide to sphingomyelin. The suprising finding that the major portion of initially administered linked labelled fatty acid was detectable in neutral fats in undamaged brains after 2 days and the poor degradation of exogeneous applied kerasin was not increased by the intervention of artificially induced macrophages leads to the suggestion that the hydrophobic material was not able to enter oligodendroglia cells which are responsible for the metabolism of myelin cerebrosides. No degradation products were seen in the autolysis series or after incubation with brain homogenate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 343-348 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Lipoprotein X ; Cholestasis ; Cholesterol ; Liver disease ; Lipoprotein-X ; Cholestase ; Cholesterin ; Leberkrankheiten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, zu untersuchen, ob eine quantitative LP-X Bestimmung Hinweise auf die Ursache der zum Auftreten des LP-X führenden cholestatischen Lebererkrankungen geben kann. Hierzu wurde mit der Methode von Talafant und Tovarek das abnorme Lipoprotein im Serum von 63 Patienten mit Cholestase, deren Ursache klinisch eindeutig abgeklärt worden war, über seinen Cholesteringehalt bestimmt. Im Falle einer mechanischen Cholestase überschritt die Konzentration des dem LP-X zukommenden Cholesterins nie 22% der Vollserum-Cholesterinkonzentration. Im Falle einer Hepatitis betrug die LP-X Cholesterinkonzentration in 85% der Fälle über 70 mg/dl. Eine Kombination von Lipoproteinparametern mit Aktivitäten der Alkalischen Phosphatase und der GPT erlaubt fast 80% der Hepatitispatienten zu erkennen und dabei alle anderen Ursachen einer Cholestase auszuschließen, und umgekehrt 84% des Gesamtkollektivs richtig bezüglich des Vorliegens einer mechanischen Cholestase einzuordnen. Beim vorliegenden Patientenkollektiv erwies sich die Konzentration des LP-X als ebenso aussagekräftiger klinisch-chemischer Parameter wie die Aktivität der klassischen Leberenzyme. Eine Kombination von Lipoprotein- und Enzymparametern erlaubt eine bessere Differenzierung von cholestatischen Lebererkrankungen nach der Ursache als es mit jedem Parameter alleine möglich wäre.
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to investigate whether quantification of Lipoprotein X (LP-X) through its cholesterol moiety is advantageous in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. In the case of mechanic cholestasis, LP-X cholesterol never exceeds 22% of the total serum cholesterol. Lipoprotein-X cholesterol exceeded 70 mg/dl in the plasma of 85% of all cases of acute hepatitis. The combination of lipoprotein parameters with the activities of alkaline phosphatase and GPT allows the recognition of almost 80% of cases of acute hepatitis and thereby excludes all other causes of obstructive jaundice. In addition, 84% of all patients investigated can be correctly classified using a combination of LP-X with classical parameters for cholestasis. The concentration of LP-X cholesterol alone apparantly is as powerful as the usually used clinical chemical parameters. A combination of lipoprotein and the classic parameters allows a better differentiation of cholestatic liver disease with regard to the underlying cause as it is possible with each group of parameters alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Plasma cholesterol ; Plasma triglycerides ; Plasma-lipoproteins ; Dietary effects ; Diurnal patterns ; Plasmacholesterin ; Plasmatriglyzeride ; Plasmalipoproteine, akute und chronische Diätwirkungen ; Diurnale Veränderungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 10 Patienten mit primärer endogener Hypertriglyzeridämie (Typ IV-Hyperlipoproteinämie) wurden akute (Tagesprofile) und chronische Wirkungen von 2 fetthaltigen (50 und 37 kcal%) und einer fettfreien, kohlenhydratreichen, isokalorischen Diät auf Plasmalipide und Lipoproteine untersucht. Die zwei fetthaltigen Kostformen mit identischem P/S Quotient und die fettfreie Kostform führten zu ähnlichen Cholesterinspiegeln. Bei den Plasmatriglyzeriden lagen die Nüchternwerte nach den fetthaltigen Kostformen zwar niedriger als nach der kohlenhydratreichen Diätperiode, Tagesprofile zeigten jedoch bei 8 der 10 Patienten eine „schlechtere“ Einstellung. Postprandial kommt es nach fetthaltigen Kostformen neben einer Chylomikronämie auch zu ausgeprägten Veränderungen von Konzentration und Zusammensetzung anderer Lipoproteinklassen. Wenn in Analogie zur Diabetestherapie als Einstellungskriterium der Hypertriglyzeridämie Lipidtagesprofile herangezogen werden, scheint bei der Mehrzahl von Patienten mit endogenen Hypertriglyzeridämien eine relativ kohlenhydratreiche, fettarme Diät fettreicheren Kostformen überlegen zu sein.
    Notes: Summary Acute and chronic effects of three isocaloric diets on plasma lipids and plasma lipoproteins were studied in 10 patients with primary endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (type IV-hyperlipoproteinemia). The diets used contained 20% protein, 50, 37 and 1% fat and 30, 43 and 79% carbohydrates respectively. Cholesterol levels were similar with all diets. Fasting values of plasma triglycerides were lower with the fat-containing diets compared to the high-carbohydrate diet. Diurnal patterns, however, were significantly higher with the former diets in 8 of the 10 patients. Postprandial lipoprotein patterns on fat-containing diets are characterized by chylomicronemia and marked changes of concentration and composition of other lipoprotein classes. If, analogous to diabetic therapy, control of hypertriglyceridemia is meant to imply low all-day levels rather than low fasting levels, a rather low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet seems to be superior in most patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia to diets containing more than 35 calorie per cent of fat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 1003-1012 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Concentration of serum magnesium ; CK activity ; Myocardial infarction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serum magnesium concentrations were followed during the course of coronary infarction and were correlated to the event on the basis of the creatinine kinase activity E.C. no. 2.7.3.2. Those patients admitted to the hospital at a very early stage of the infarction showed initial high serum magnesium concentrations which fell during the event to subnormal values and then normalized later. In the case of severe coronary infarction (maximum CK activity 〉 700 U/l) the subsequent decrease in serum magnesium concentration was more pronounced than in subjects with lower CK activity. Patients suffering from angina pectoris had normal serum magnesium values which did not show any concentration change during a clinical follow-up. The previously postulated correlation between low serum magnesium and high risk for myocardial infarction may be questioned in the light of our observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 133-138 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: HDL-cholesterol ; Cholestadiene ; Normal values for HDL-cholesterol ; Precipitation techniques for separation of lipoproteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The widespread use of different methods for the determination of HDL-cholesterol (in Europe: sodium phosphotungstic acid/MgCl2) in connection with enzymatic procedures (in the USA: heparin/MnCl2 followed by the Liebermann-Burchard method) but common reference values makes it necessary to evaluate not only accuracy, specificity, and precision of the precipitation step but also of the subsequent cholesterol determination. A high ratio of serum vs. concentrated precipitation reagent (10:1 V/V) leads to the formation of variable amounts of Δ-3.5-cholestadiene. This substance is not recognized by cholesterol oxidase but leads to an 1.6 times overestimation by the Liebermann-Burchard method. Therefore, errors in HDL-cholesterol determination should be considered and differences up to 30% may occur between HDL-cholesterol values determined by the different techniques (heparin/MnCl2 — Liebermann-Burchard and NaPW/MgCl2-CHOD-PAP).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hypercholesterolemia ; Low-density lipoproteins ; Heparin precipitation ; Extracorporeal plasma treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The first clinical application of a new extracorporeal procedure (HELP) for the selective elimination of low-density lipoproteins by heparin precipitation at acid pH is described. Plasma, obtained by filtration of whole blood through a 0.2 µ filter, is continuously mixed with an equal volume of an acetate buffer (pH 4.85) containing heparin. After removal of the precipitated heparin complex by filtration, excess heparin is adsorbed to a specially developed filter and the clear plasma filtrate is subject to bicarbonate dialysis/ultrafiltration to restore physiologic pH and remove excess fluid. The calculated efficiency for the elimination of low-density lipoproteins from plasma by HELP is 100% and is therefore comparable to conventional plasmapheresis. The HELP system shows a high degree of specificity with over 80% of total protein being returned to the patient. Over 130 treatment procedures have now been performed. Patient compliance and acceptance have been excellent and no major complications have been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: LDL apheresis ; Vitamin E ; Vitamin A ; α-Tocopherol ; Retinol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serum α-tocopherol and retinol concentrations were followed in four heterozygous adults and one homozygous child with familial hypercholesterolemia being treated by regular low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis. Approximately 50% of plasma α-tocopherol was eliminated during a single apheresis procedure in the heterozygous adults, while a complete elimination of this vitamin along with LDLs was observed in the homozygous child. Absolute losses of α-tocopherol amounted to 13.4–22.5 mg/apheresis and are equivalent to the recommended dietary intake for 1.5 to 2 days. Despite these losses, no changes were observed either in serum α-tocopherol levels or in the ratio of α-tocopherol/total serum lipids after 12 months regular apheresis treatment. Serum retinol concentrations only showed a small decrease on apheresis, there being apparently no specific elimination of this vitamin. The absolute losses ranged from 42–422 µg/apheresis and were, therefore, much lower than the recommended dietary intake of the equivalent of 1500 µg retinol/day. It is concluded that no extra supplementation of these vitamins is required during LDL-apheresis therapy, although it may be advisable to monitor vitamin E status in patients on long-term, intensive therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Silicon wafers have been anodically bonded to sputtered lithium borosilicate glass layers (Itb 1060) at temperatures as low as 150–180 °C and to sputtered Corning 7740 glass layers at 400 °C. Dependent on the thickness of the glass layer and the sputtering rate, the sputtered glass layers incorporate compressive stresses which cause the wafer to bow. As a result of this bowing, no anodic bond can be established especially along the edges of the silicon wafer. Successful anodic bonding not only requires plane surfaces, but also is determined very much by the alkali concentration in the glass layer. The concentration of alkali ions as measured by EDX and SNMS depends on both the sputtering rate and the oxygen fraction in the argon process gas. In Itb 1060 layers produced at a sputtering rate of 0.2 nm/s, and in Corning 7740 layers produced at sputtering rates of 0.03 and 0.5 nm/s, respectively, the concentration of alkali ions in the glass layers was sufficiently high, at oxygen partial pressures below 10-4 Pa, to achieve anodic bonding. High-frequency ultrasonic microanalysis allowed the bonding area to be examined non-destructively. Tensile strengths between 4 and 14 MPa were measured in subsequent destructive tensile tests of single-bonded specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 2 (1996), S. 162-166 
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The combination of the LIGA technique with other microstructure technologies like silicon technology, membrane technologies, and mechanical micromachining gives access to the development and manufacturing of new microsystems. The quasi-monolithic integration of LIGA microstructures on top of a CMOS-Wafer using a molding process will be shown which has the potential to integrate a LIGA component directly with microelectronic circuits. By combining mechanical micromachining, plastic molding, and membrane technologies a micropump has been developed which is one of the key components of the fluid handling module of microanalysis systems together with the well known LIGA microspectrometer. In the case of the micro-spectrometer, a small-scale series production was installed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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