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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic action of the fastigiobulbar impulses upon neurones in the medullary reticular formation and vestibular nuclei (1970)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 11 (1970), S. 29-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Fastigial ; Reticular formation ; Vestibular nuclei ; PSP ; Disfacilitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In anaesthetized cats, the fastigial nucleus of cerebellum was stimulated with electric pulse currents, and the effects thereby induced were investigated by recording intracellularly from cells in the medullary reticular formation, the nucleus of Deiters and the descending vestibular nucleus. The early effect commonly seen in these cells was initiation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) with monosynaptic latencies from both sides of the fastigial nuclei. These EPSPs appeared to be produced in part by a kind of axon reflex through cerebellar afferent fibres, but a certain portion of them was ascribable to the crossed fastigiobulbar axons, as they were influenced by stimulation of the cerebellar cortex in the manner to be expected from the previous study on cerebellar nuclei. These EPSPs were followed by a sequence of a prolonged disfacilitatory hyperpolarization and a late facilitatory depolarization, which apparently reflected the inhibition and disinhibition, respectively, produced in fastigial neurones via Purkinje cell axons of the corticonuclear projection. Either EPSPs or IPSPs were also induced in both reticular and vestibular neurones through polysynaptic pathways in which the fastigiobulbar projection might have been involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234200
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axon reflex activation of Deiters neurones from the cerebellar cortex through collaterals of the cerebellar afferents (1969)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 8 (1969), S. 249-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Axon reflex ; Deiters neurones ; Cerebellar afferents ; Cats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary When recording intracellularly from cat's Deiters neurones, stimulation of the anterior lobe of the cerebellar cortex produced excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) monosynaptically, in addition to the inhibitory ones (IPSPs) that were identified previously as being produced via Purkinje cell axons. The EPSPs were induced bilaterally from a wide area of the anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum, in contrast to the IPSPs that were evoked only ipsilaterally, mainly from the vermal cortex. The latency of the EPSPs was slightly, but significantly, shorter than that of the IPSPs. The presynaptic impulses responsible for these EPSPs were represented by the discrete field potentials and also by unit spikes of individual fibres. The pathway for these EPSPs and presynaptic impulses was pursued by testing their interference, in the manner of impulse collision and refractoriness, with those induced from various spots within or outside the cerebellum. It is found that the excitatory fibres for Deiters neurones extend transversely, and probably longitudinally too, over the culmen and pass out of the cerebellum through cerebellar peduncles. The major portion of them appears to originate from the medulla and a minority from the spinal cord. It is postulated that cerebellar afferents from these structures have synapses with Deiters neurones via their collateral branches, through which a kind of axon reflex occurs to Deiters neurones during stimulation of the cerebellar cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234252
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repetitive impulses generated in fast and slow pyramidal tract cells by intracellularly applied current steps (1970)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 11 (1970), S. 263-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Repetitive discharge ; PT cell ; Fast-slow cell groups ; Kinetictonic patterns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Responses to current steps were recorded from pyramidal tract (PT) cells of the cat by means of intracellular microelectrodes. PT cells with resting potentials from -60 to -80 mV set up a well sustained repetitive discharge during stimulation. When comparing fast and slow PT cells, quantitative differences were found between them in the pattern of repetitive firing. Thus, (1) the rheobase is lower in slow PT cells (mean and S.D.; 0.53±0.63 nA) than in fast cells (1.57±1.11 nA). (2) Following stimulation with a current step twice rheobase the latency and the successive interspike intervals are shorter in fast PT cells than in slow cells. (3) The interspike interval distribution shows a greater irregularity in fast PT cells than in slow cells. At firing rates around 30 impulses/sec the coefficient of variation has a mean value of 0.243 for fast PT cells and 0.085 for slow cells. (4) Fast PT cells show a greater decrease of firing rate during the initial 300 msec of current stimulation (adaptation) than do slow cells. The mean value of this initial decrease is 1.85 times the later steady firing rate in fast PT cells and 0.56 times in slow cells. (5) The slope constant of the firing rate-current relationship is larger in fast PT cells, being five times or more than in slow cells. These characteristics of firing pattern are termed “kinetic” and “tonic” for fast and slow PT cells respectively, and their functional meanings are discussed in comparison with other neural organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474386
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activities of the sodium pump in cat pyramidal tract cells investigated with intracellular injection of sodium ions (1972)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 14 (1972), S. 449-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Sodium ions ; Electrogenic Na pump ; Post-tetanic hyperpolarization ; PT cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sodium ions were injected into cat pyramidal tract (PT) cells electrophoretically through an intracellular NaCl or Na glutamate-filled microelectrode. Following an injection there were decreases in the maximum rates of rise and fall of the spike potential and there was displacement of the inhibitory postsynaptic potential in a depolarizing direction. These changes recovered with an exponential time course, indicating concomitant changes in the internal sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations under the operation of the sodium pump in extruding excess sodium. From the exponential recovery curve, the rate constant of active sodium extrusion was estimated as about 60 hr−1 in fast PT cells and about 90 hr−1 in slow PT cells. It was suggested that the sodium pump was at least partly electrogenic, since the resting membrane was hyperpolarized by the sodium injection to the degree which depended on the amount of sodium-injecting current. Further support for this possibility was obtained by the experiment of high-frequency activation of PT cells, in which the sodium entry through the active membrane developed a slow post-tetanic hyperpolarization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236587
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resolution of 4-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(hexahydro-1-methyl-1H-azepin-4yl)-1(2H)-phthalazinone enantiomers in plasma with frit-FAB LC-MS using a conalbumin column
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 12 (1994), S. 557-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 0731-7085
    Keywords: Frit-FAB LC-MS ; column switching ; conalbumin column ; direct analysis ; drug enantiomers ; plasma.
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0731-7085(93)E0003-6
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of thermal stress on skin defence lysins of European eel, Anguilla anguilla L. (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Fish skin contains a variety of humoral defence lysins which have an integral role in fish immunity because of the ability of these proteins to destroy invading substances ( Alexander & Ingram 1992). These lysins generally comprise bacteriolysins, proteolysins and haemolysins. The lysins seem to be either individually or cooperatively stimulated to respond to pathogenic infection and environmental stress, such as ionic, osmotic, thermal and pollution stress ( Shephard 1994; Rice, Kergosien & Adams 1996; Bly, Quiniou & Clem 1997). There have only been a few reports on these lysins ( Al-Hassan, Thomson, Ali & Criddle 1987; Aranishi, Mano, Nakane & Hirose 1998). The present paper describes thermal effects on defence lysis, such as proteolysis, bacteriolysis and haemolysis, in the skin of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla L.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1999.00158.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a flavoprotein column for chiral separation by high-performance liquid chromatography
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 623 (1992), S. 221-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0021-9673(92)80361-W
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conalbumin-conjugated silica gel, a new chiral stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatogaphy
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 603 (1992), S. 105-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0021-9673(92)85350-3
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of ovomucoid-, avidin-, conalbumin- and flavoprotein-conjugated chiral stationary phases for separation of enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 687 (1994), S. 223-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0021-9673(94)00782-9
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saccade-related Purkinje cells in the cerebellar hemispheres of the monkey (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 84 (1991), S. 465-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Eye movements ; Saccade ; Cerebellar hemisphere ; Crus I ; Crus II ; Purkinje cell ; Simple spike ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Extracellular single unit discharges of cerebellar Purkinje cells (P-cells) were recorded from the cerebellar hemispheres of two Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) during spontaneous and visually guided eye movements. We found that saccade-related P-cells, whose simple-spike (SS) discharge rates were modulated in close correlation with saccadic eye movements, were localized in fairly restricted areas in the hemisphere, mostly in Crus IIa with some in the deep folia of Crus I. P-cells located in simple lobules, superficial folia of Crus I or in Crus IIp did not change their discharge rate during voluntary eye movements. Fifty-five saccade-related P-cells recorded from Crus I and II showed modulation of SS discharge rate related to both spontaneous and visually triggered saccades, with the modulation closely time-locked to the saccades. Two thirds (37/55) of saccade-related P-cells began to change their SS discharge rate 20–100 ms prior to the onset of saccades. The remaining one third (18/55) changed their activity approximately at the same time as the saccade onset. These saccade-related P-cells did not show changes in activity during smooth pursuit eye movements, and we did not find any P-cells in the cerebellar hemisphere which showed changes of activity preferentially during smooth pursuit eye movements. In about half (26/55) of the saccade-related P-cells, the pattern of modulation prior to and during saccades was biphasic: increase-decrease or decrease-increase. The other half (29/55) showed monophasic increases or decreases. For a given P-cell, the discharge pattern during saccades was similar for saccades of all directions, though there was a preferred direction in the amount of discharge rate modulation. The present findings suggest that the cerebellar hemisphere (Crus I and IIa) plays an important role in the control of voluntary saccadic eye movements, in addition to other cerebellar cortical areas (flocculus and posterior vermis) which are known to participate in the control of saccades.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230957
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