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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malate, Citrate, and Amino Acids in Tall Fescue Cultivars (2000)
    Springer
    Semigroup forum 92 (2000), S. 206-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2137
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and related those concentrations to cultivar, harvest time, and grazing-animal preference. `Barcel', `Kenhy', `Kentucky-31', `Missouri-96', `Mozark', `Stargrazer', and the two accessions C1 and HiMag were established in three replicates within each of three pastures. Organic acids were determined on regrowth within each plot during four seasons and two years; amino acids were determined on regrowth of four cultivars across three replicates during both spring and fall seasons in one year. Malate and citrate were extracted with boiling water and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an organic acid column. Amino acids were hydrolyzed, separated by ion-exchange HPLC, and quantified as their ninhydrin derivatives. Both malate and citrate concentrations differed between years. During one year only, malate concentrations were higher in Kenhy (68 g kg−1 dry matter [DM], most preferred) than in Mozark (54 g kg−1 DM, least preferred). Citrate concentrations (13 g kg−1 DM) were not different among cultivars. Eighteen amino acids (including tryptophan) accounted for 75% of total N. Thus, tissue N data were used as covariates to amino acid data in the ANOVA. Kenhy contained higher concentrations of eight amino acids than did other cultivars. These differences may reflect presence of Lolium genes in Kenhy. Cattle (Bos taurus L.) grazing preference (0 = not eaten; 10 = completely eaten) was not related to malate, citrate, or amino acid concentrations among cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Case report 142 (1981)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 6 (1981), S. 131-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347576
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Case report 198 (1982)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 8 (1982), S. 225-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00355512
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting glucose uptake by the ruminal bacterium Bacteroides ruminicola (1992)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 37 (1992), S. 104-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Glucose uptake by whole cells of Bacteroides ruminicola B14 is constitutive. Potassium concentrations between 10 and 150 mm stimulated uptake over fourfold, while sodium had little effect on uptake. The involvement of potassium in glucose uptake by B. ruminicola was supported by strong inhibition of uptake by the ionophores valinomycin, lasalocid, and monensin. The electron transport inhibitor antimycin A had little effect on uptake, but menadione and acriflavine inhibited uptake by 30 and 48%, respectively. Potent inhibitors of uptake included oxygen, p-chloromercuribenzoate, HgCl2, and o-phenanthroline. Sodium arsenate decreased uptake by 40%, suggesting that a high-energy phosphate compound and possibly a binding protein may be involved in glucose uptake. The protonophores carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and 2,4-dinitrophenol inhibited glucose uptake by 37 and 22%, respectively. Little change in uptake activity was observed at extracellular pH values between 4.0 and 8.0. Excess (10 mm) cellobiose, maltose, and sucrose inhibited glucose uptake less than 15%. High levels (0.15% w/v) of p-coumaric acid and vanillin decreased uptake by 32 and 37%, respectively, while 0.15% ferulic acid decreased uptake by 15%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174212
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of fumarate,l-malate, and anAspergillus oryzae fermentation extract ond-lactate Utilization by the ruminal bacteriumSelenomonas ruminantium (1993)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 26 (1993), S. 133-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Growth ofSelenomonas ruminantium HD4 in medium that contained 21mm d-lactate was stimulated to varying degrees by 10mm l-malate, 10mm fumarate, and 2% (v/v)Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (Amaferm). Amaferm treatment caused the greatest growth stimulation. Initial uptake rates (30s) and long-term uptake rates (30 min) ofd-lactate by whole cells ofS. ruminantium were increased in the presence of 10mm l-malate. Amaferm (25 μl/ml) also stimulated long-term uptake rates ofd-lactate, whereas fumarate had no effect. Initial uptake ofd-lactate was depressed in the presence of fumarate or Amaferm. When eitherl-malate, fumarate, or Amaferm was included in thed-lactate growth medium, a homosuccinate fermentation resulted and an inverse relationship was observed between growth (protein synthesis) and succinate production. Recent research demonstrated that Amaferm containsl-malate, and this dicarboxylic acid may be involved in stimulatingd-lactate utilization byS. ruminantium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01577366
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermentation of Maize Bran, Oat Bran, and Wheat Bran by Bacteroides ovatus V975 (1998)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 36 (1998), S. 90-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Bacteroides ovatus is a Gram-negative obligate anaerobe that was isolated from the human colon and is capable of utilizing xylan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of B. ovatus V975 to digest maize bran, oat bran, and wheat bran as well as the isolated cell walls from each bran source. Strain V975 was incubated in basal medium that contained either 0.1 or 0.3 g of each bran or each bran cell wall for 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. Acetate and succinate were the main products detected from each fermentation; however, less of each end product was produced from the isolated cell walls than from each bran. More of the oat bran was digested (in vitro dry matter disappearance = 74.8%) during the 72 h incubation than any other bran source. While each bran contained arabinose and xylose, more glucose, galactose, and mannose were utilized by strain V975 during the 72-h incubation than either pentose sugar. Compared with each bran, the bran cell walls had lower concentrations of most sugars, and more glucose than any other sugar was utilized by strain V975. These results suggest that strain V975 preferentially utilizes glucose, galactose, and mannose in each bran, while glucose is the main sugar fermented in bran cell walls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900285
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paper Digestion by the Cellulolytic Ruminal Bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes (1998)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 37 (1998), S. 431-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the predominant cellulolytic ruminal bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 to digest filter paper, office paper, newspaper, and magazine paper. When F. succinogenes S85 was incubated with all four paper sources, little digestion of any paper occurred between 0 and 48 h. However, digestion of filter paper increased from 12% at 48 h to 80% at 120 h. No significant digestion of office paper, newspaper, or magazine paper occurred between 48 and 120 h. These results suggest that F. succinogenes S85 is unable to digest office paper, newspaper, or magazine paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors Affecting Glucose and Maltose Phosphorylation by the Ruminal Bacterium Megasphaera elsdenii (2000)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 40 (2000), S. 387-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of growth substrate and extracellular pH on phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent glucose phosphorylation as well as to examine how maltose is phosphorylated by the ruminal bacterium Megasphaera elsdenii B159. Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent glucose phosphorylation by toluene-treated cells was constitutive, and glucose phosphorylation was reduced by 69% at pH 5.0. When toluene-treated cells were incubated in histidine buffer, little maltose phosphorylation occurred in the absence of inorganic phosphate. However, the addition of increasing concentrations of either potassium or sodium phosphate increased maltose phosphorylation. Maximal phosphorylation activity was observed at between 25 and 50 mM of either inorganic phosphate source. Compared with the control incubations, maltose phosphorylation was increased over threefold with 25 mM of either potassium or sodium phosphate. Phosphoglucomutase activity was detected in cell extracts of M. elsdenii B159, and this enzyme had a K m of 3.2 mM for glucose-1-P and a V max of 1836 nmol of NADP+ reduced/mg of protein per min. Maltose was also hydrolyzed by an inducible maltase (K m , 1.19 mM). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a maltose phosphorylase and a maltase in M. elsdenii.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002840010075
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Thymol on Ruminal Microorganisms (2000)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 41 (2000), S. 336-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thymol (5-methyl-2-isopropylphenol) is a phenolic compound that is used to inhibit oral bacteria. Because little is known regarding the effects of this compound on ruminal microorganisms, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of thymol on growth and lactate production by the ruminal bacteria Streptococcus bovis JB1 and Selenomonas ruminantium HD4. In addition, the effect of thymol on the in vitro fermentation of glucose by mixed ruminal microorganisms was investigated. Neither 45 nor 90 μg/ml of thymol had any significant effect on growth or lactate production by S. bovis JB1, but 180 μg/ml of thymol completely inhibited growth and lactate production. In the case of S. ruminantium HD4, 45 μg/ml of thymol had little effect on growth and lactate production; however, 90 μg/ml of thymol completely inhibited growth of S. ruminantium HD4. Thymol also decreased glucose uptake by whole cells of both bacteria. When mixed ruminal microorganisms were incubated in medium that contained glucose, 400 μg/ml of thymol increased final pH and the acetate to propionate ratio and decreased concentrations of methane, acetate, propionate, and lactate. In conclusion, thymol was a potent inhibitor of glucose fermentation by S. bovis JB1 and S. ruminantium HD4. Even though thymol treatment decreased methane and lactate concentrations and increased final pH in mixed ruminal microorganism fermentations of glucose, concentrations of acetate and propionate were also reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002840010145
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Chlorhexidine Diacetate on Ruminal Microorganisms (1998)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 36 (1998), S. 348-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of chlorhexidine diacetate on growth and L-lactate production by Streptococcus bovis JB1 as well as the effects of this antimicrobial compound on the mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation. Addition of 1.8 μM chlorhexidine diacetate to glucose medium resulted in a lag in growth by S. bovis JB1, and growth was completely inhibited in the presence of 3.6, 9.0, and 18 μM chlorhexidine. When 6.2 μM chlorhexidine diacetate was added to glucose medium after 2 h of incubation, glucose utilization and L-lactate production by S. bovis JB1 were reduced. Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of 14C-glucose by toluene-treated cells of S. bovis JB1 was inhibited by increasing concentrations (1.8 to 18 μM) of chlorhexidine, whereas only the 18 μM concentration reduced the membrane potential (ΔΨ). Chlorhexidine diacetate was a potent inhibitor of L-lactate and methane production from glucose fermentation by mixed ruminal microorganisms. However, because chlorhexidine also decreased acetate and propionate concentrations and increased ammonia concentrations in mixed-culture incubations, this antimicrobial compound may have limited application as a ruminant feed additive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900321
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