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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of melanoma-associated antigens by monoclonal antibodies as visualized by radioimmunoelectron microscopy and radioantibody binding assay (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 279 (1987), S. S116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Antigenic modulation ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Melanoma ; Radioimmunoelectron microscopy ; Radioantibody binding assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is a wealth of information about monoclonal antibody (MAb) specificity and function on fixed tissues, yet little is known about formation and release of antigen-antibody complexes and their functional behavior in vivo. We analyzed the pathway of radiolabeled MAbs directed against melanoma-associated antigens by radioimmunoelectron microscopy (RIEM) on metabolically active cells of the melanoma cell lines SK-MEL-28, MeWo and Colo 38 at different time intervals. In parallel, binding and release of MAbs were investigated by the radioantibody binding assay (RBA). Both procedures gave essentially concordant results. Preferentially stable binding of immune complexes (ICs) to the cell surface after 30 and 120 min was shown for the MAb L10. Internalization was demonstrated for the MAb M.2.9.4. At the ultrastructural level, direct evidence of this phenomenon was obtained by visualization of radioactivity within the cytoplasm after 120 min. In the RBA this process was indicated by resistance of bound MAbs to acid buffer desorption. RIEM pointed to different transport mechanisms: constitutive internalization by endocytotic vesicles, or receptor-mediated endocytosis by coated vesicles. Shedding was indicated for the MAb R24 by release of the ICs from the cell membrane. It was demonstrated that stable fixation of ICs on the cell surface or modulation by internalization led to high accumulation rates, while shedding of antigen-antibody complexes resulted in a low accumulation of the MAb in tumor cells. Assuming that the potential of MAbs for clinical application is determined by the biological behavior of antigen-antibody complexes, these methods are suitable for demonstration of antigenic modulation by MAbs and eventually enable us to predict the localization, penetration and distribution pattern of individual MAbs in the melanoma patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585934
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitation of α"1-acid glycoprotein in neutralized gastric juice by electroradioimmunoassay (ERIA)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 64 (1975), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0009-8981(75)90352-6
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electroradioimmunoassay (ERIA): A new type of double antibody radioimmunoassay based on electroimmunodiffusion
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 54 (1974), S. 317-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0009-8981(74)90249-6
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification of human gastric proteases by immunoadsorbents - Pepsinogen I Group
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Protein Structure 427 (1976), S. 708-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2795
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2795(76)90214-2
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification of human gastric proteases by immunoadsorbents: Pepsinogen II-group
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Protein Structure 446 (1976), S. 30-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2795
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2795(76)90094-5
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in adhesive properties of tumor cells do not necessarily influence metastasizing capacity (1989)
    Springer
    Clinical & experimental metastasis 7 (1989), S. 227-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract BSp6S and BSp73AS are two rat tumors which grow locally after intra-footpad (ifp) application. BSp73ASML and BSp6AS are variants, which metastasize via the lymphatics. Both variants have lost adherence properties, as shown byin vitro culture on plastic surfaces, suggesting that loss of adherence may be accompanied by increased metastasizing capacity. However, after growth of BSp6S and BSp73ASin vitro on poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (polyHEMA)-coated plates, which resulted in loss of adherence and spreading, and subsequent intravenous (iv) or ifp injection of non-adherent tumor cells into syngeneic rats, metastasizing capacity was not increased. It is concluded that loss of adherence may facilitate metastatic spread, but certainly is not sufficient for initiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01787026
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colorectal cancer diagnosis by a direct leukocyte migration test using a panel of tumour extracts (1977)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 2 (1977), S. 257-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a direct leukocyte migration test, peripheral blood leukocytes were pulsed with a high dose (2.5 and 0.5 mg/ml) of 3 M KCl extracts from 5 different colorectal tumours as well as with one 3 M KCl extract of normal colonic mucosa. Patients showing a pathological migration index (⩽0.80 and ⩾1.17), with 3 or more out of 5 tumour extracts, were considered as “positives”. With this test mode 93% (55/59) of patients with colorectal carcinomas were reactive, irrespective of the tumour stage, while only 7% (2/27) of patients with non-malignant colorectal diseases showed a “positive” reaction. Patients with malignant and non-malignant diseases of other organs were reactive in 2–3% of cases. No “positive” reactivity was observed with leukocytes from 37 healthy volunteers. Pulsing leukocytes with the normal colonic mucosal extract, a pathological migration index was found in about 20% of colorectal cancer patients, but not in healthy volunteers. Evaluating 10 single tumour extracts individually, reactivity of cancer patients' leukocytes ranged from 65–89% of tests, the difference being not statistically significant. Leukocytes from healthy volunteers showed a pathological migration index with the different extracts in 0–6% of tests. With the leukocyte migration test we could not differentiate between tumours of the colon, sigma or rectum. Patients bearing tumours in any part of the large bowel showed pathological leukocyte migration with extracts of colon-, sigma- and rectum tumours. When the cross-reactivity study was extended to tumours of the gastrointestinal tract, it was found that patients with colorectal tumours were reactive, in a high percentage of tests, with extracts of gastric tumours, but gastric as well as oesophageal and pancreatic cancer patients' leukocytes only reacted occasionally with colorectal tumour extracts. In the follow-up study, a “positive” reactivity was still found 10–14 days after surgery in 27/31 patients. After more than 2 months, the frequency of “positive” reactivity decreased to 10/70 cases. Patients with local recurrence or metastases exhibited “positive” reactivity in 6/7 cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206007
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-reactivity of lung cancer patients' leucocytes in the leucocyte migration inhibition test (1980)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 8 (1980), S. 143-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Panels of 3 M KCl extracts of squamous-cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas and oat-cell carcinomas of the lung were used for a comprehensive analysis of cross-reactivity in the leucocyte migration test. Lung cancer patients' leucocytes showed positive reactivity in 69%–100% of cases (n=353). No significant differences were observed when data were grouped with respect to the histological type of the tumours used for extraction or of the tumours of the leukocyte donors. Leukocytes of patients bearing tumours of nonpulmonary origin exposed to lung cancer extract panels and leukocytes of lung cancer patients exposed to gastrointestinal cancer extract panels were definitely less reactive (35%–47% and 6%–38%, respectively). However, a high reaction frequency was found in patients with lung metastases from different nonpulmonary tumours. This group of patients also frequently showed reactivity (52%) with normal lung tissue extracts. Patients with benign lung diseases reacted positively with lung tumour extracts in 25%–39% of cases, but donors with other benign disease and healthy controls were virtually nonreactive (0–14%). Hence, a high degree of cross-reactivity occurs in the lung cancer system and restricted cross-reactivity occurs with tumours of other organs. Possible explanations for the lung-oriented reactivity of patients with lung metastases are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00205664
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoclonal antibody accumulation in experimental and spontaneous lung metastases of human malignant melanoma in rodents (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 119 (1993), S. 342-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibody ; Lung metastases ; Malignant melanoma ; Rodents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Monoclonal antibody (mAb) uptake in metastatic lung lesions was depicted and evaluated by digital autoradiography. The models examined were experimental metastases of a human melanoma in nude mice and spontaneous metastases of human melanoma in immunocompromized young rats. By comparing uptake patterns in local (s.c.) tumours and in lung processes of various sizes it was found that patterns were essentially similar in both types of malignant tissue. From the point of view of visualization, however, the high blood content of lung tissue resulted in high background and low contrast. This could be overcome by the use of rapidly cleared antibody fragments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01208842
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High volumetric yields of functional dimeric miniantibodies in Escherichia coli, using an optimized expression vector and high-cell-density fermentation under non-limited growth conditions (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 46 (1996), S. 524-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Functional bivalent miniantibodies, directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor, accumulated to more than 3 gl−1 in high-cell-density cultures of Escherichia coli RV308(pHKK) on a pilot scale. The miniantibodies consist of scFv fragments with a C-termi-nal hinge followed by a helix-turn-helix motif, which homodimerizes in vivo. The improved expression vector pHKK is characterized by the hok/sok suicide system, improving plasmid maintenance, and the inducible lac p/o promoter system with the very strong T7g10 Shine-Dalgarno sequence. The expression unit is flanked by terminators. The prototrophic RV308 cells were cultivated in glucose mineral salt medium and reached a cell density of 145 g dry biomass l−1 after 33 h. After induction, growth continued almost unchanged for a further 4 h with concomitant miniantibody formation. In the fed-batch phase, the concentration of glucose was kept almost constant at the physiological level of approximately 1.5 g l−1, using on-line flow injection analysis for control. Surprisingly, E. coli RV308(pHKK) did not accumulate significant amounts of the metabolic by-product acetate under these unlimited aerobic growth conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050855
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