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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 775-778 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Nephrotic syndrome ; Steroid-dependent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome ; Cyclosporin A ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Therapy of steroid-dependent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is often unsatisfactory. Since 1986 we have treated nine children (six male and three female), aged 3–16 years, with cyclosporin A (CsA) during 2.0–5.2 (median 3.1) years. All had minimal change disease on renal biopsy and had previously received cyclophosphamide. Mean daily dosage of CsA was 4.1 mg/kg (range 2.7–5.8) and mean whole blood trough level was 220ng/ml (range 141–271). The relapse rate decreased from 3.4/patient year before CsA to 0.55 on CsA. Discontinuation of CsA or reduction below 2 mg/kg daily was always followed by a relapse. The overall relapse rate, including the period with very low-dose CsA, was 0.95/patient year. Four patients required additional low-dose alternate-day prednisone. Repeat renal biopsy showed minimal change disease in eight patients and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in one; CsA-toxicity was mild in two and moderate in one. The latter was the only patient with slightly reduced glomerular filtration rate. Two boys with delayed puberty spontaneously matured and reached expected final height. We conclude that long-term low-dose CsA is very effective and steroid-sparing. Its use is justified in selected patients, particularly in those with numerous relapses and in male patients before and during puberty, as long as renal function and CsA-toxicity are carefully monitored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1997), S. 81-82 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Dilated cardiomyopathy ; Renovascular hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 150 (1991), S. 509-512 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Renal anaemia ; Human recominant erythropoietin ; Epoetin alfa ; Renal hypertension ; Hyperkalaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eighteen patients aged 5–18 years on regular dialysis had a packed cell volume (PCV)〈0.27. On treatment with epoetin alfa (EA) PCV increased by 0.05 or more in all patients. Iron supplementation was necessary in 13 patients with a ferritinaemia 〈300 μg/l before study. During treatment, plasma potassium increased significantly and more vigorous antihypertensive measures were required in 8 patients, 5 of them being already on antihypertensive drugs before EA. Iliofemoral thrombosis occurred in 1 patient 10 days after renal transplant. The data indicate that EA ameliorates the anaemia of chronic renal disease. The main concerns arising during treatment with EA are hyperkalaemia, arterial hypertension and possibly thrombosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Renal-hepaticpancreatic dysplasia ; Congenital hepatic fibrosis ; Liver cirrhosis ; Combined liver-kidney transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abstract We report two brothers with renal dysplasia and congenital hepatic fibrosis. One patient died shortly after birth of lung hypoplasia. The second developed end-stage renal failure at 14 months. The hepatic fibrosis progressed to cirrhosis and hepatic failure. Pancreatic function was normal, but increased echogenicity was seen on ultrasound. At age 3 years and 9 months a successful combined liver-kidney transplantation was performed. The features of our patients are compatible with the “renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia” syndrome. Conclusion Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia is an autosomal recessive disorder with variable expression. Combined liver-kidney transplantation offers a new therapeutic option.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia ; Congenital ; hepatic fibrosis ; Liver cirrhosis ; Combined liver-kidney ; transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two brothers with renal dysplasia and congenital hepatic fibrosis. One patient died shortly after birth of lung hypoplasia. The second developed end-stage renal failure at 14 months. The hepatic fibrosis progressed to cirrhosis and hepatic failure. Pancreatic function was normal, but increased echogenicity was seen on ultrasound. At age 3 years and 9 months a successful combined liver-kidney transplantation was performed. The features of our patients are compatible with the “renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia” syndrome. Conclusion Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia is an autosomal recessive disorder with variable expression. Combined liver-kidney transplantation offers a new therapeutic option.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Tubulo-interstitial nephropathy ; Cholestatic liver disease ; Primary sclerosing cholangitis ; Familial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe two siblings (female and male) with progressive tubulo-interstitial nephropathy and cholestatic liver disease. The main characteristics were progressive renal failure and elevated liver enzymes (AST, ALT and γ-GT). Dialysis was started at the age of 1.9 and 6.5 years, respectively. Renal histology disclosed sclerosed glomeruli and atrophic tubules; the interstitium was fibrotic and infiltrated by lymphocytes. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed segmental irregularities and narrowing of the intrahepatic bile ducts, consistent with early primary sclerosing cholangitis. Liver histology showed enlarged portal triads, mild proliferation and inflammation of bile ducts, and fibrosis. At 5.9 years the girl underwent a successful renal transplantation whereas the boy is still on dialysis. Conclusion The association of progressive tubulo-interstitial nephropathy and cholestatic liver disease, consistent with early primary sclerosing cholangitis, constitutes a distinct autosomal recessive entity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 14 (2000), S. 713-716 
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia ; Hemodialysis ; Chest pain ; Respiratory distress ; Danaparoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report two pediatric patients with end-stage renal failure who developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II (HIT II) on hemodialysis (HD). Both developed acute respiratory distress and chest pain within 30 min of initiating the 5th HD session. The platelets dropped during HD from 168 to 38×109/l and from 248 to 109×109/l, respectively. Marked clots were observed in the dialyzers. Substitution of heparin with the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin had no effect. Switching from anticoagulation to the heparinoid danaparoid resulted in immediate disappearance of all adverse effects, and further long-term HD was uneventful. HIT II was diagnosed clinically; heparin-induced platelet activation test (HIPA) and serum IgG, IgA, and IgM to heparin-platelet factor 4 complexes (HPF4) were both negative. We conclude that HIT II may occur in children on HD. HIT II is essentially a clinical diagnosis, as HIPA and antibodies to HPF4 are not always positive. Once HIT II is suspected, heparin (and low-molecular-weight heparins) should be stopped immediately. Long-term anticoagulation with danaparoid is a valuable option for patients on HD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 19 (1998), S. 230-234 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Denys-Drash-Syndrom ; Glomerulopathie ; Nephrotisches Syndrom ; WT1-Gen ; Nephroblastom ; Key words Denys-Drash Syndrome ; Glomerulopathy ; Nephrotic syndrome ; WT1 gene ; Nephroblastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary About 10% of all nephroblastomas (Wilms’ tumor) present as part of malformation syndromes. The Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS) comprises pseudohermaphroditism, glomerulopathy and, early, often bilateral Wilms’ tumors. A nephrectomy was performed in a 4-month-old girl because of a Wilms’ tumor. Two months later, low serum albumin levels and proteinuria had developed. A biopsy from the remaining kidney showed a glomerulopathy which could also be seen in the nephrectomy specimen. The morphology was highly characteristic: the innermost layer of the kidney cortex exhibited augmentation of the mesangial matrix only; the intermediate layer showed severe sclerosis of glomeruli with deposition of fibrillary material; and the subcapsular layer revealed very small glomeruli and atrophic tubuli. Fifteen months later, peritoneal dialysis was necessary and due to the high risk of tumor development in the remaining kidney, a nephrectomy was performed. Molecular analysis revealed a point mutation within exon 9 of the WT1 gene (394 ARG→TRP), which was homozygous in the tumor and heterozygous within renal parenchyma. The DDS is caused by a mutation in the WT1 gene on chromosome 11p13 which occurs during oogenesis or spermiogenesis. The WT1 gene is highly expressed during the development of the genitalia and the kidney; damage in one allele only causes the malformation syndrome. Loss of the second allele of the WT1 gene constitutes the second step of tumorigenesis. The appearance of Wilms’ tumors derived from cells homozygous for the mutation reveals the function of the WT1 gene as a tumor suppressor gene.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Knapp 10% aller Nephroblastome (Wilms-Tumor) treten im Rahmen von Fehlbildungssyndromen auf. Das Denys-Drash-Syndrom (DDS) beinhaltet einen Pseudohermaphroditismus, eine Glomerulopathie und frühe, häufig beidseitige Wilms-Tumoren. Ein 4 Monate altes Mädchen wird wegen eines Wilms-Tumors nephrektomiert. Zwei Monate später wird ein nephrotisches Syndrom festgestellt. Eine Nierenbiopsie zeigt eine Glomerulopathie mit charakteristischer Morphologie: in den inneren Schichten der Nierenrinde ist die mesangialen Matrix vermehrt; in den mittleren Schichten finden sich stark sklerosierte Glomeruli, und die subkapsuläre Nierenrinde zeigt sehr kleine Glomeruli und undifferenzierte Tubuli. 15 Monate später ist das Kind dialysepflichtig. Wegen des Risikos einer Tumorentstehung in der verbliebenen Niere wird auch kontralateral nephrektomiert. Die molekularbiologische Analyse ergibt eine Punktmutation im Exon 9 des WT1-Gens (394 ARG→TRP), welche im Tumor homozygot ist und im Nierengewebe heterozygot. Das DDS entsteht durch eine in den Keimzellen auftretende Neumutation im WT1-Gen auf Chromosom 11p13. Das WT1-Gen wird in Genitalien und Nieren während der Embronalperiode stark exprimiert. Der heterozygote Zustand mit dem funktionellen Verlust nur eines Allels bedingt das Fehlbildungssyndrom. Mit dem Auftreten von Wilms Tumoren im homozygoten Zustand offenbart sich die Funktion des WT1-Gens als eines Tumorsuppressor-Gens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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