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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 567-574 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Oxygen behavior during the formation of CrSi2 and TiSi2 was studied using 16O(α,α)16O resonant scattering and mass dispersive recoil detection analysis. The Ti and Cr films were deposited by e-beam evaporation in a cryopumped system. The oxygen content in the films was varied by evaporating at different pressures. The silicide films were formed by solid-solid reaction of the metal layers with the silicon substrate, and the annealing conditions were such that both partly and fully reacted silicides were obtained. The extent of the silicide formation was monitored by backscattering spectrometry. In the case of CrSi2, oxygen was found to be uniformly distributed throughout the silicide layer after annealing. For the Ti/TiSi2 system, however, oxygen seems to have preferentially remained in the Ti layer during the silicide growth, and its final distribution was confined in a region in the silicide close to the surface. It was also observed in the latter case that silicon diffused to the surface at the initial stage of annealing. A model based on the Nernst–Einstein equation is proposed to provide a general explanation for the oxygen behavior in metal/silicon systems. In addition, it was shown that oxygen which was initially in the form of metal oxides and in solid solution had been transformed into SiO2 after the silicide formation. Oxygen loss is observed for all samples, and increases with the extent of annealing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0042-207X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-0329
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The analysis of random amplified microsatellite (RAMS) markers among aecia of the causal agent of the resin top disease (Peridermium pini) on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) suggested that the genetic variation between the populations of this rust fungus is low in Finland. The method used allowed the identification of heterozygotic aecia in two loci, where the degree of heterozygosity was, however, low. The RAMS patterns of the Finnish aeciospores, other aeciospores from Thetford, UK and Cronartium flaccidum from Italy were highly similar suggesting that the autoecious and heteroecious forms of these rust fungi would be genetically closely related.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— By adopting a suggestion made by Thomason, a new failure criterion for the Gurson-Tvergaard model has been recently introduced by the authors. In this study, a method based on the Gurson-Tvergaard constitutive model and the new failure criterion is applied to the analysis of ductile fracture. The main features of the method are that the material failure is a natural process of the development of Thomason's dual dilational constitutive responses, and the void volume fraction corresponding to the failure by void coalescence is not necessarily a material constant and is not needed to be fitted beforehand. Furthermore, void nucleation parameter(s) can be numerically fitted from experimental tension results. This method has been implemented into the ABAQUS finite element program via a user material subroutine and is applied to the prediction of tension problems conducted by the authors. In the analyses, two strain-controlled void nucleation models have been studied and compared. The void nucleation parameters corresponding to the two models have been calibrated. The crack initiation of both smooth and notched axisymmetric tensile specimens are well predicted by the method. Finally, several critical issues in the analysis of ductile fracture are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 19 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The use of the hot spot stress approach to the fatigue analysis of welded components is briefly described. Results are presented of fatigue tests on arc welded steel joints (C-Mn and stainless), carried out at Lappeenranta University of Technology between 1980 and 1993, based on the hot spot approach. Based on experimentally-measured hot spot strains, the fatigue capacities of around 100 specimens of C-Mn steel joints, and 80 stainless steel joints, were found to be consistent. The fatigue class FAT 100, or in many cases FAT 112 or higher, can be used as the design hot spot fatigue strength for toe failure of welded joints of moderate thickness, i.e. up to 10 mm. A sharp transition at the fusion zone from the base metal to the weld was clearly shown to be detrimental, leading to a fatigue capacity below average. The log, value of the standard deviation of fatigue life, or the fatigue capacity (Δσ3N), was typically 0.13 within a series of C-Mn joints. Statistical analysis of all test data concerning weld toe failure gave a standard deviation of 0.24. By considering all the specimens in one series, a mean fatigue strength of FAT 148, and a characteristic fatigue strength of FAT 107, were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 78 (1996), S. R23 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 81 (1996), S. R55 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 76 (1986), S. R77 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 70 (1994), S. 321-334 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In the Gurson-Tvergaard model a failure criterion has to be used to signify the void coalescence. In the literature, a constant critical void volume fraction criterion has been widely used. However, it is questionable whether the critical void volume fraction is a material constant and, furthermore, it is also difficult in practice to determine the ‘constant’. By modifying Thomason's plastic limit-load model, a new failure criterion which is fully compatible with the Gurson-Tvergaard model, is presented in this study. In the present criterion, the void coalescence failure mechanism by internal necking has been considered and the material failure is a natural result of the development of dual constitutive, stable and unstable, responses. In practical application of the present criterion, no critical void volume fraction needs to be pre-determined either numerically or experimentally. Furthermore, according to the new criterion, the void volume fraction corresponding to void coalescence is not a material constant, rather a function of stress triaxiality. The predictions using the present criterion have been compared with the finite element results by Koplik and Needleman, and very good agreement is observed. The potential advantage of this criterion and other related issues are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 76 (1995), S. R37 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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