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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 293 (1976), S. 203-208 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Alcohol ; Chronobiology ; Chronopharmacokinetics ; Circadian rhythm ; Ethanol ; Linear decay ; Pharmacokinetics ; Ultradian rhythm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A male human subject administered single, oral doses of ethanol was examined repeatedly for venous ethanol levels. Four separate trials, begun at 03.00, 09.00, 15.00, and 21.00 h, on different days yielded four different estimates of the slope of the apparently linear ethanol disappearance curve. The slopes appeared to exhibit circadian rhythmicity. In a second study of the same subject, the slope was estimated 7 times over a period of 26 h following repeated oral doses. These slopes also appeared to vary in a daily fashion. These preliminary results suggest that pharmacokinetic parameters may not be invariable with time of day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Three groups of mice were standardized to a light-dark cycle with light from 0600 to 1800. One group was fed ad lib; but the other two had access to food for only four hours a day, one during the first part of the light phase and the other beginning at its middle. Two other groups were subjected to a reversed light-dark cycle (light from 1800 to 0600); one of these had access to food for four hours during the first part of the dark phase and the other for four hours beginning at its middle. All the mice previously had been adjusted gradually over a three-week period to these feeding schedules, and then they were maintained on the precise routine described for an additional two weeks. After standardization was completed, subgroups of mice were killed at three-hour intervals over a single 24-hour period. Corneas were removed and prepared, and the mitotic index in the epithelium was evaluated.In all five groups a high-amplitude circadian rhythm was found for the mitotic index, but in all cases this rhythm remained synchronized to the light-dark cycle; only small changes in the phasing of the rhythm resulted from the restricted feeding. These results are contrary to what has been found for a number of other rhythmic variables which do synchronize to such feeding schedules.The findings dispel the misconception that all body functions react in the same fashion to different synchronizors and emphasize that one must not generalize about the effects of feeding or lighting.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this paper data resulting from an investigation into the influence of sex on selected circadian rhythms in lymphoreticular organs, liver, kidney, and corneal epithelium of adult CD2F1 mice are reported. Increased organ weight, total DNA and RNA in the spleen, total DNA and [3H thymidine ([3H]TdR)] incorporation into DNA in the thymus, and [3H]TdR incorporation into DNA in the liver and bone marrow in female mice compared to male littermates is demonstrated. In contrast, kidney weight and [3H]TdR incorporation into DNA as well as the corneal epithelium mitotic index are greater in male mice. Except for the corneal epithelium mitotic index and total splenic RNA and DNA, circadian rhythmicity in the variables studied is validated using the cosinor method of rhythmometric analysis in male but not in female mice. The lack of sinusoidal rhythmicity in female mice is presumed to be due to asynchrony of estrous cycling between mice within this group. Moreover, a differential organ response to exogenous testosterone enthanate is reported. The administration of this hormone suppresses [3H]TdR incorporation into DNA in the thymus and liver but not in the spleen or bone marrow at 18, 42, or 72 hr after injection.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Three-hour urine specimens were collected over a period of 27 hours from 11 healthy adult male subjects. Each specimen was analyzed for Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Each sample was also dialyzed, pH 7.35, and subsequently analyzed for Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Pb, Al, Ni, Cu, Mo, Hg, Cr, Cd, and Mn using a multielemental argon-plasma emission system. The data were evaluated on conventional time plots (chronograms) and as computer-determined “cosinor” plots. A population circadian rhythm with a statistical significance was detected for total Na, K, Ca, and Mg, and for nondialyzable Na, K, P, Ca, Zn, and Mo. For almost every element studied the increase from lowest to highest 3-hour group mean along the 24-hour time scale was more than 100%. The 24-hour excretion of Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn appeared in good agreement with the so-called “normals.” The nondialyzable levels of Fe, Pb, Al, Ni, Cu, Mo, Hg, Cr, Cd, and Mn were similar to the total urinary excretions reported in the literature.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 162 (1981), S. 183-199 
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The activities of 13 liver and 6 brain enzymes were studied in 7-12 week old CD2F1 male mice that had been fed ad libitum and standardized either to 12 hours of light (0600-1800) alternating with 12 hours of darkness (1800-0600) (LD 12:12), or to a reversed light-dark cycle (darkness 0600-1800; light 1800-0600) (DL 12:12). Three separate studies were performed on two different days; in each experiment, subgroups of 14 animals were sacrificed at 3-hour intervals. Livers were assayed for: isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, glyoxylate reductase, L-alanine aminotransferase, glutamate oxalacetate transaminase, pyruvate decarboxylase, fructose-1-phosphate aldolase, fructose diphosphate aldolase, fructose 1,6-diphosphatase, and fatty acid synthetase. Brains were assayed for phosphoglucose isomerase, adenosine triphosphatase, creatine phosphokinase, pyruvate kinase, adenylate kinase, and malate dehydrogenase.All 19 enzymes demonstrated a prominent circadian rhythm in at least one experiment. Moreover, each rhythmic variable showed a statistically significant fit to a 24-hour cosine(sine) curve by the method of least squares. In general, peak activities of the liver enzymes analyzed were associated with the beginning of the dark cycle and initiation of the animal's activity, while the group of brain enzymes had peak activities which occurred at the beginning of the animals' rest span and were near the beginning of the light cycle. The phasing of each of the rhythms could be reversed within a two-week span after reversing the environmental light-dark cycle 180°.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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