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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 802-805 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Gastrointestinal bleeding ; Embolization ; Interventional therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Retrospective evaluation of interventional embolization therapy in the treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhage over a long-term observation period from 1989 to 1997. Included in the study were 35 patients (age range 18–89 years) with gastrointestinal bleeding (GI) referred for radiological intervention either primarily or following unsuccessful endoscopy or surgery. Sources of GI bleeding included gastric and duodenal ulcers (n = 7), diverticula (n = 3), erosion of the intestinal wall secondary to malignancy (n = 6), vascular malformations (n = 4), and hemorrhoids (n = 2), as well as from postoperative (n = 6), posttraumatic (n = 2), postinflammatory (n = 4) or unknown (n = 1) causes. Ethibloc (12 cases) or metal coils (14 cases) were predominantly used as embolisates. In addition, combinations of tissue adhesive and gelfoam particles and of coils and Ethibloc were used (six cases). Finally, polyvinyl alcohol particles, a coated stent, and an arterial wire dissection were utilized in one case each. Bleeding was stopped completely in 29 of 35 cases (83 %). In one case (3 %) the source of bleeding was recognized but the corresponding vessel could not be catheterized. In five other cases (14 %) there was partial success with reduced, though still persistent, bleeding. The rate of complications was 14 %, including four instances of intestinal ischemia with fatal outcome in the first years, and, later, one partial infarction of the spleen without serious consequences. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage can be controlled in a high percentage of patients, including the seriously ill and those who had previously undergone surgery, with the use of minimally invasive interventional techniques. The availability of minicoils instead of fluid embolization agents has reduced the risk of serious complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Hepatic artery embolization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A retrospective evaluation of embolotherapy in patients with arterial liver hemorrhages was carried out. Twenty-six patients, ranging in age from 10 days to 77 years with active arterial liver hemorrhages, underwent non-surgical embolotherapy. Bleeding was attributed to trauma (n = 21), tumor (n = 3), pancreatitis (n = 1), or unknown cause (n = 1). Twenty-nine embolizations were performed via a transfemoral (n = 26) or biliary (n = 2) approach. One bare Wallstent was placed into the common hepatic artery via to an axillary route to cover a false aneurysm due to pancreatitis. Treatment was controlled in 4 patients by cholangioscopy (n = 2) or by intravascular ultrasound (n = 2). Prior surgery had failed in 3 patients. Intervention controlled the hemorrhage in 24 of 26 (92 %) patients within 24 h. Embolotherapy failed in 1 patient with pancreatic carcinoma and occlusion of the portal vein. In 1 patient with an aneurysm of the hepatic artery treated by Wallstent insertion, total occlusion was not achieved in the following days, as demonstrated by CT and angiography. However, colour Doppler flow examination showed no flow in the aneurysm 6 months later. Complications were one liver abscess, treated successfully by percutaneous drainage for 10 days, and one gallbladder necrosis after superselective embolization of the cystic artery. Embolization is a effective tool with a low complication rate in the treatment of liver artery hemorrhage, even in patients in whom surgery has failed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Fortgeschrittenes Zervixkarzinom ; Blutung ; Embolisationsbehandlung ; Key words Cervix uteri ; Advanced carcinoma ; Hemorrhage ; Embolization treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: Retrospective evaluation of percutaneous interventional treatment of locally advanced cervical carcinoma. Materials and methods: Since 1991, 13 patients with advanced tumor disease have been referred to our department for diagnosis and therapy of an acute blood loss. In all patients (age 40–88 years, mean 61 years) hemorrhage was detected by decrease in red blood cell count. In all cases patients suffered from locally advanced or recurrent disease after surgery and/or additional radio- or chemotherapy. Embolization was performed by transfemoral access using minicoils in most cases, liquid agents less often and a covered vascular stent in one patient. Results: The site of the hemorrhage or the blood pooling of the tumor could be seen in all cases angiographically. Twenty-seven treatment cycles (2.1 per patient) were performed at intervals of 3 days to 6 months. The maximum time of follow-up and additional treatments if necessary was 1 year. In 9 of 13 patients (69%) the bleeding could be stopped immediately with a single treatment or initial treatment via both iliac arteries. One patient (7,7%) died during therapy because of an uncontrollable bleeding and consecutive decrease in red blood cells count. The remaining three patients (23%) showed slight persistent or recurrent bleeding, which could be managed interventionally until the following episode. There were two complications (15%) during therapy, representing a coil misplacement and a coil wash-out, which both could be managed interventionally. Conclusion: Hemorrhage following locally advanced or recurrent cervical carcinoma can be stopped interventionally in about 70% of cases. Even in partial success it is possible to manage the acute life-threatening situation. Follow-up examinations of up to 1 year justify this therapeutic concept.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die retrospektive Auswertung und Darstellung der Bedeutung interventioneller Methoden in der Behandlung von Patienten mit lokal fortgeschittenem Zervixkarzinom. Seit 1991 wurden uns 13 Patientinnen mit fortgeschrittener Tumorerkrankung und akuten Blutungen zur radiologischen Evaluierung und ggf. Intervention vorgestellt. Bei allen Patienten in einem Alter zwischen 40 und 88 Jahren (Durchschnitt: 61 J.) waren Blutungen mit deutlichem Hb-Abfall bis hin zur vitalen Bedrohung aufgetreten. In allen Fällen handelte es sich um Karzinome der Zervix uteri im fortgeschrittenem Stadium oder um Rezidive nach initialer Operation mit begleitender Radio- bzw. Chemotherapie. Bei allen Patienten konnten die Blutungsareale oder das Pooling des Kontrastmittel im Tumor angiographisch lokalisiert werden. Insgesamt erfolgten 27 Embolisationstherapien (2,1 pro Patient) in Abständen von 3 Tagen bis zu 6 Monaten und maximal über einen zeitlichen Verlauf von über 1 Jahr. In 9 von 13 Fällen konnte durch eine solitäre Behandlung bzw. eine zweizeitige Therapie über beide Iliakalarterien die Blutung akut zum Stillstand gebracht werden (69%). Eine Patientin verstarb noch während der Embolisation infolge des Blutverlustes (7,7%). Die anderen 3 Patientinnen zeigten abgeschwächt persistierende oder frühzeitig rezidivierende Blutungen (23%). Als Embolisate wurden vorwiegend Spiralen, selten flüssige Embolisate und einmal ein ummantelter Stent verwendet. Periinterventionelle Komplikationen traten in zwei Fällen auf. Hier gelang es sowohl eine fehlplazierte Spirale, als auch eine Embolisatverschleppung interventionell zu bergen. In etwa 70% können Tumorblutungen bei Zervixkarzinomen interventionell beherrscht werden. Auch wenn nur ein Teilerfolg zu verzeichnen ist, kann zumindest die lebensbedrohliche Akutsituation meist abgewendet werden. Daß z.T. Verläufe über 1 Jahr ohne Möglichkeit einer weiteren kurativen Behandlung der Tumoren vorliegen, rechtfertigt unserer Meinung nach diesen Therapiansatz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Spondylitis ; Spondylodiszitis ; Wirbelkörper ; Bandscheibe ; Kernspintomographie ; Key words Spondylitis ; Spondylodiscitis ; Spine ; Intervertebral disc ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Aim and methods: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the MRI criteria of infectious spondylitis (spondylodiscitis). The MR images of 23 patients suffering from spondylodiscitis (78 % unspecific, 22 % specific) were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The height of the intervertebral discs involved was normal in 40 %, reduced in 43 % and increased in 17 % of the cases. The most common findings can be summarized in an MR triad: 1) The vertebral bodies involved are hypointense in T1-weighted images (100 %) with a lack of delineation of the intervertebral discs (53 %). 2) The injection of Gd-DTPA yields an enhancement of the vertebral bodies involved and intervertebral discs (95 % and 74 % respectively). 3) The vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs are hyperintense in T2-weighted sequences (76 % and 90 % respectively). When present, a paravertebral or intraspinal extension of the infection was isointense compared with the adjacent involved vertebral body in the majority of the patients. A differentiation between unspecific and specific etiology based on the MR images was not possible. Conclusions: The vertebral bodies affected were usually hypointense in T1-W with enhancement after the administration of Gd-DTPA and hyperintense in T2-W. The discs involved were usually hyperintense in T2-W and demonstrated an inhomogeneous enhancement.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Um die kernspintomographischen Merkmale der Spondylitis zu überprüfen, wurden die MRT-Bilder von 23 Patienten mit einer Spondylitis (78 % unspezifisch, 22 % spezifisch) retrospektiv analysiert; 40 % der befallenen Bandscheiben zeigten eine normale Höhe, 43 % waren verschmälert und 17 % zeigten eine Höhenzunahme. Die häufigsten Veränderungen lassen sich in einer MRT-Trias zusammenfassen: 1. In T1-gewichteten Sequenzen sind die befallenen Wirbelkörper hypointens (100 %) und die Bandscheiben nicht abgrenzbar (53 %). 2. Wirbelkörper und Bandscheiben nehmen Kontrastmittel auf (95 bzw. 74 %). 3. Wirbelkörper und Bandscheiben sind in T2-gewichteten Sequenzen hyperintens (76 bzw. 90 %). Dabei stellt sich ein paravertebraler Weichteilbefall in allen Sequenzen isointens zum befallenen Wirbelkörper dar. Eine Differenzierung zwischen unspezifischer und spezifischer Ätiologie war kernspintomographisch nicht möglich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Gefässchirurgie 5 (2000), S. 77-85 
    ISSN: 1434-3932
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter  Akute Ischämie ; mechanische Thrombektomie ; Akuter Gefäßverschluß ; Endovaskuläre Verfahren ; Key words Acute ischaemia ; Mechanical thrombectomy ; acute vascular occlusion ; Endovascular methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract  The therapy of limb-threatening ischaemia is still a matter of controversy . The aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether the transcutaneous approach is an alternative to open surgery. We investigated and compared surgical and percutaneous interventional methods in the treatment of both embolic and thrombotic vascular occlusions in patients with pre-existing arteriosclerotic disease with the aim of establishingtherapy guidelines for the therapy of acute limb ischaemia. From 1994 to 1997, a total of 197 patients with acute limb ischaemia were treated. Of 80 patients with embolic occlusions, 23 (28.8%) were treated using percutaneous interventional methods, while the remaining 57 (71.2%) underwent surgery. There was no significant difference in the rate of limb salvage between the groups treated using the transcutaneous approach (86%) and open surgery (88%). In 117 patients with thrombotic occlusions and pre-existing arteriovascular disease, percutaneous treatment was successful in 61% of the 38 patients selected for percutaneous treatment and in 62% of patients undergoing surgery. Another 26 patients underwent additional interventional measures intraoperatively. The rate of limb salvage was 62% for the surgical group as a whole. Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy represents a viable therapeutic alternative to surgical or surgical-interventional modalities, particularly in those patients with occlusions consisting of soft, embolic material and in those with occlusions occurring in infrapopliteal vessels. An interdisciplinary approach to defining the indications for each of these methods should be taken based on the individual patient’s clinical and angiographic findings. Additional intraoperative endovascular procedures increase the range of therapeutic options and permit optimal revascularization of vessels both proximal and distal to the site of occlusion.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung   Die Vorgehensweise zur Erhaltung der ischämisch bedrohten Extremität wird nach wie vor kontrovers diskutiert. In dieser Arbeit sollte untersucht werden, ob das perkutan-interventionelle Vorgehen eine Alternative zur chirurgischen Vorgehensweise bietet. In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden das chirurgisch-interventionelle und das perkutan interventionelle Vorgehen bei rein embolischen und bei thromboembolischen Verschlüssen mit vorbestehenden arteriosklerotischen Veränderungen miteinander verglichen und versucht, Therapieleitlinien für das Vorgehen bei der Behandlung der akuten Extremitätenischämie zu erstellen. 1994–1996 wurden 197 Patienten mit akuter Ischämie behandelt. Von insgesamt 80 Patienten mit embolischen Verschlüssen wurden 23 perkutan interventionell und 57 chirurgisch behandelt. Die Beinerhaltungsrate zeigte keinen wesentlichen Unterschied zwischen dem transkutanen Vorgehen (86%) und der chirurgischen Therapie (88%). Bei 117 thromboembolischen Verschlüssen mit vorbestehender arterieller Verschlußkrankheit konnten von 38 perkutan interventionell Behandelten 61% erfolgreich therapiert werden, durch rein chirurgisches Vorgehen 62%. Weitere 26 Patienten erhielten intraoperativ zusätzliche interventionelle Maßnahmen. Dadurch wurde in 62% der Fälle die amputationsgefährdete Extremität erhalten. Die perkutane mechanische Thrombektomie stellt besonders bei weichem, embolischem Verschlußmaterial sowie im infrapoplitealen Bereich eine Therapiealternative zum chirurgischen bzw. chirurgisch-endovaskulären Vorgehen dar. Die interdisziplinäre Indikationsstellung zur jeweiligen Verfahrenswahl sollte sich speziell am klinischen und ggf. am angiographischen Befund des einzelnen Patienten orientieren. Zusätzliche intraoperative endovasku-läre Therapieverfahren bieten die Möglichkeit eines erweiterten Aktionsradius und ermöglichen das gezielte Vorgehen sowohl im Zustrom- als auch im Abstromgebiet. UnsereErgebnisse haben klar gezeigt, daß auch die chirurgische Vorgehensweise sowohl beim embolischen wie insbesondere beim thrombotischen Verschluß alle interventionellen Maßnahmen zur Anwendung bereithalten muß.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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