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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 34 (1976), S. 285-295 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The carbon flow through the sediments at a station located in 18.3 m of water off the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, California (USA) was determined. The parameters studied [and their mean rates of input (+) or output (-) to the benthos] were macro-detritus (+0.028 gC m-2day-1), fallout of particulate debris (+3.3 gC m-2day-1), benthic net photosynthesis during the day (-0.06 gC m-2 daylight period-1), burial (0 gC m-2day-1), benthic respiration at night (-0.28 gC m-2 night period-1), and resuspension (-3.0 gC m-2day-1). Resuspension of sediment at this station was found to have a controlling effect on the sediment organic carbon content. Benthic photosynthesis was able to provide 79% of the organic carbon required by the benthos for respiration during the daylight hours. A carbon-flow diagram linking together all of the above measurements is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relative importance of 3 different sources for biological production of nitrite in seawater was studied. Decomposition of fecal pellets of the copepod Calanus helgolandicus (at a concentration of approximately 12 μg-at N/l), in seawater medium, released small amounts of ammonia over a 6 week period. It nitrifying bacteria were added to the fecal pellets nitrite was barely detectable over the same period. Decomposition of phytoplankton (present at a concentration of about 8 μg-at particulate plant N/l) with added heterotrophic bacteria, released moderate amounts of ammonia over a 12 week period. If the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosocystis oceanus was added to the decomposing algae, nitrite was produced at a rate of 0.2 μg-at N/l/week. Heterotrophic nitrification was not observed when 7 open-ocean bacteria were tested for their ability to oxidize ammonia. The diatom Skeletonema costatum, either non-starved or starved of nitrogen, produced nitrite when growing with 150 or 50 μg-at NO 2 - -N/l at a light intensity of about 0.01 ly/min. When nitrate in the medium was exhausted, S. costatum assimilated nitrite. If starved of vitamin B12, both non-N-starved and N-starved cells of S. costatum produced nitrite in the medium with 150 μg-at NO 3 - -N/l. Nitrate was not exhausted and cell densities reached 2x105/ml due to vitamin B12 deficiency. If light intensity was reduced to 0.003 ly/min under otherwise similar conditions, cells did not grow due to insufficient light, and nitrite was not produced. In the sea, it appears that, in certain micro-environments, decomposition of particulate matter releases ammonia with its subsequent oxidation to nitrite. The amounts of these nutrients and the rate at which they are produced are dependent upon the nature of the materials undergoing decomposition and the associated bacteria. In certain other areas of the sea, where phytoplankton standing stock is high and nitrate is non-limiting, excretion by these organisms is a major source of nitrite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 46 (1978), S. 282-293 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a shallow, subtidal, siliceous sediment, benthic microalgal biomass (μg chlorophyll a cm-3) is influenced by light and physical sediment dynamics. The microalgal community is relatively dense, despite adverse conditions (7.0 μg chlorophyll a cm-3), and is able to respond rapidly to favorable conditions. Productivity of this community is significantly correlated (P≤0.05) with benthic light. In addition, productivity is influenced by temperature and bottom water NH4 + and PO4 -3 concentrations, especially as the concentrations fall to levels approaching the K s (halfsaturation constant) of the microalgal community. Metabolic activity in this environment is dependent upon a continuous supply of organic carbon. Temperature is significantly correlated with respiration rate, but other factors (e.g. biomass and organic matter supply) are important also. Community respiration responds to overlying phytoplankton productivity in the same manner as deep-water benthic environments. Bacterial enumeration using CFU (colony-forming units) does not measure accurately the number of in situ metabolically active bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 12 (1920), S. 1090-1095 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Musculoskeletal tumors ; Colour-coded duplex sonography ; Needle biopsy. ; Schlüsselwörter: Knochentumoren ; Weichteiltumoren ; farbcodierte Duplexsonographie ; Nadelbiopsie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Im Rahmen einer prospektiven Studie an 168 Patienten mit Weichteil- oder Knochentumoren, darunter 71 Sarkomen, wurde unter farbdopplersonographischer Kontrolle eine Vollschnittbiopsie mit dem Hochgeschwindigkeitssystem Autovac® gewonnen. Das Ultraschallmonitoring erlaubte eine gezielte Punktion auch von kleinen oder tiefer gelegenen Läsionen und ermöglichte im Falle des Vorliegens von Nekrosen das Aufsuchen vitaler Tumoranteile. Eine adäquate histologische Beurteilung einschließlich Tumortypisierung und Grading war bei der großen Mehrzahl der Weichteilsarkome, Weichteilmetastasen, malignen Lymphome, Plasmocytome und osteolytischen Skelettmetastasen möglich. Benigne Weichteil- und Knochentumoren waren dagegen nur zu 66 % diagnostizierbar. In der Gruppe der ossären Sarkome war trotz histologischem Malignitätsnachweis eine exakte Tumortypisierung aufgrund zu geringer Materialmenge häufig nicht möglich. Mit einer Genauigkeit von 97 % für das Kriterium Malignität und von 94 % für die Diagnose Weichteilsarkom liefert die Methode Ergebnisse, die denen der Incisionsbiopsie, dem Standardverfahren bei Weichteil- und Knochentumoren unklarer Dignität, vergleichbar sind. In Anbetracht der bekannten Nachteile und onkologischen Risiken des offenen Verfahrens stellt die Nadelbiopsie – bei Einhaltung der für die Incisionsbiopsie geltenden Kautelen – für Weichteiltumoren und osteolytische Skelettläsionen die Methode der Wahl dar.
    Notes: Summary. In a prospective study we investigated 168 patients with musculoskeletal tumors, including 71 sarcomas, by core needle biopsy using the high-speed device Autovac. Monitoring with colour-coded duplex sonography allowed a well-aimed puncture of smaller or deeply localized lesions and also permitted the discrimination of necrotic and viable parts of the tumor. Adequate material for histologic diagnosis including grading and determination of tumor subtype was obtained from soft tissue sarcomas, soft tissue metastases, malignant lymphomas, plasmacytomas, and osteolytic skeletal secondaries. In contrast, in benign soft tissue and bone tumors the diagnosis could be established in only 66 % of cases. Although skeletal sarcomas were identified as malignant mesenchymal lesions, a complete histologic classification of tumor subtype frequently was not possible due to an insufficient tissue specimen. With an accuracy of 97 % for the diagnosis of malignancy and of 94 % for the diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma the results of core needle biopsies were comparable to those of incisional biopsies, the reference standard in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal tumors. Regarding the known disadvantages and the oncological risks of incisional biopsies, needle biopsy should replace the open procedure as the primary means of diagnosis in soft tissue and osteolytic bone tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1182-1183 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A search for insect growth inhibitors in methanol extracts of soybean leaves resulted in isolation of pinitol. Pinitol caused a 50% reduction in weight gain (ED50) ofHeliothis zea larvae at about 0.7% when added to a synthetic diet. Although myo-inositol is a normal component of the insect diet, it also caused growth inhibition at higher concentrations; ED504%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Lumbar spine ; Metastases ; Corpectomy ; Vertebral body replacement ; Biomechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Metastatic spine lesions frequently require corpectomy in order to achieve decompression of the spinal cord and restoration of spinal stability. A variety of systems have been developed for vertebral body replacement. In patients with prolonged life expectancy due to an improvement of both systemic and local therapy, treatment results can be impaired by a loosening at the implant-bone interface or mechanical failure. Furthermore, early detection of a metastatic recurrence using sensitive imaging modalities like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is possible in these patients without artefact interference. The aim of our pilot study was to evaluate the clinical applicability and results of a new radiolucent system for vertebral body replacement in the lumbar spine. The system consists of bone-integrating biocompatible materials – a polyetherurethane/bioglass composite (PU-C) replacement body and an integrated plate of carbon-fibre reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF-PEEK) – and provides high primary stability with anterior instrumentation alone. In a current prospective study, five patients with metastatic lesions of the lumbar spine were treated by corpectomy and reconstruction using this new system. Good primary stability was achieved in all cases. Follow-up (median ¶15 months) using CT and MRI revealed progressive osseous integration of the PU-C spacer in four patients surviving more than 6 months. Results obtained from imaging methods were confirmed following autopsy by biomechanical investigation of an explanted device. From these data, it can be concluded that implantation of the new radiolucent system provides sufficient long-term stability for the requirements of selected tumour patients with improved prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Unfallchirurg 103 (2000), S. 322-325 
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tuberkulose ; Spondylitis ; Laminektomie ; Konservative Therapie ; Key words Tuberculosis ; Spondylitis ; Laminectomy ; Conservative treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract WHO estimates that worldwide more than 4 million people are infected with tuberculosis (TB), 95% of them living in third world countries. TB is once again the most frequent infectious disease [1, 2, 7]. Extrapulmonary forms (EPTB) frequently appear with HIV-associated TB [3, 4, 6]. We present the case of a 23-year old patient with abscess forming TB of the right apical lung with infiltration and partial osteolytical destruction of the 7th cervical- and the first thoracal vertebral body. Progressive spinal compression lead to partial sensomotorical deficits. Surgical revision of the abscess, an atypical resection of the right apical lung and right wing hemilaminectomy of Th1/2 for spinal decompression became necessary. The spinal stabilisation was achieved by conservative treatment for 6 weeks only by a Minerva cast and for another 8 weeks by a cervical stiffneck. Following mobilisation was without problems and the neurological deficits subsided within 3 months. Clinical examination and functional X-rays analysis proved vertebral stability and good function. The treatment of TB is basically conservative. Surgery is only recommended in case of functional and infectious complications.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach Schätzungen der WHO (1992) sind über 4 Mio. Menschen weltweit mit Tuberkulose (TB) infiziert. Davon leben 95% in Entwicklungsländern. Insgesamt ist die Tuberkulose heute wieder die häufigste Infektionskrankheit [1, 2, 7]. Extrapulmonale Formen finden sich gehäuft bei der HIV (Human Imunodeficiency Virus)-assozierten TB [3, 4, 6]. Wir berichten über einen 23jährigen Patienten mit abszedierender TB des rechten Lungenoberlappens sowie Infiltration und partieller osteolytischer Destruktion des 7. Halswirbelkörpers und 1. Brustwirbelkörpers. Die progrediente spinale Kompression führte zu segmentalen sensomotorischen Ausfällen. Die ausgedehnte Abszedierung mit Infiltration benachbarter Strukturen erforderte bei unserem Patienten neben einer Abszeßrevision und atypischer Lungenresektion von Segment 1 und 3 rechts, die rechtsseitige Hemilaminektomie von Th1 und Th2 zur spinalen Dekompression. Die Stabilisierung erfolgte konservativ für 6 Wochen durch einen Minerva-Gips und für weitere 8 Wochen durch eine Zervikalstütze. Die anschließende Mobilisierung war problemlos und die neurologischen Ausfälle bildeten sich binnen 3 Monate zurück. Die klinische Untersuchung und Röntgenfunktionsaufnahmen bewiesen die vertebrale Stabilität trotz verbleibender ossärer Defekte, bei gleichzeitig guter Funktion. Grundsätzlich ist die TB eine Domäne der tuberkulostatischen Therapie. Chirurgische Maßnahmen sind nur bei drohendem Funktionsverlust und infektassoziierten Komplikationen angezeigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Key words Disc disease • Job-related • Assessment • MRI ; Schlüsselwörter Bandscheibendegeneration • LWS • MRT • BeKV
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit der Aufnahme der bandscheibenbedingten Erkrankungen in das Berufserkrankungsregister stellt sich die Frage nach belastungsabhängigen Degenerationsmustern der Wirbelsäule. Die kernspintomographischen Befunde der Lendenwirbelsäule (LWS) von Bauarbeitern und Krankenschwestern mit gesicherter überdurchschnittlich wirbelsäulenbelastender Tätigkeit wurden verglichen mit den Befunden eines unbelasteten Kollektivs. In den untersuchten Kollektiven der Altersgruppe 35–50 Jahre fanden sich monosegmentale Schadensbilder bei belasteten Patienten lediglich in 17 % der Fälle, während diese bei fehlender Exposition in 29 % der Fälle auftraten, hier am häufigsten in der Etage L5/S1. Eine Mitbeteiligung höher gelegener Bewegungssegmente mit zwischengeschalteten intakten Bandscheiben trat ausschließlich in den belasteten Patientenkollektiven auf. Degenerative Veränderungen von 4 bzw. aller Bewegungssegmente der LWS wurden nur bei belasteten Patienten gefunden. Der Stellenwert der Kernspintomographie in der Begutachtung bandscheibenbedingter Erkrankungen wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The addition of vertebral disc degeneration to the job – related disease register raises the question of vertebral disc degeneration patterns according to loading strain. The readings of the lumbar vertebra of construction workers and nurses were compared with those of a group without workload. In the groups examined, aged 35 to 50, monosegmental damage was found in only 17 % of the patients with high workload, as opposed to 29 % of those with no workload, mostly with monosegmental damage at level L5/S1. Damage to the upper segments of the lumbar spine with intact discs in between was found exclusively in patients with high workload. Multiple segment damage in the age range examined was found in subjects with activities that add to the load of the spinal column. The value of MRI in assessing and evaluating illness originating from the vertebral discs is currently being discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Halswirbelsäule ; Verletzung ; Spondylodese ; Instabilität ; Keywords Cervical spine ; Trauma ; Instability ; Preservation of motion segment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The anterior interbody fusion with instrumentation seems to be the standard procedure in unstable traumatic lesions of the lower cervical spine. The goal of this study was to objective the outcome of patients, treated by only temporary stabilisation of the injured motion segment (without bone – graft fusion). Between 1990 and 1998 155 patients with traumatic lesions of the cervical spine were treated operatively, in 22 cases transfixation of the injured level without bone – graft application was performed, an implant – removal was carried out in 12 patients so long. Only patients were included into the study, who were less then 45 years old at trauma and who had no trauma related osseous or disc encrouchment of the spinal canal. Not included were patients with degenerative formations of the cervical spine at time of trauma. Until follow up all patients with implantat removal returned back to work in their former profession, 11 of 12 patients classified their result as excellent or good. No secondary instabilities or postraumatic disc prolapse were observed. Restmobility in flexion/extension of the injured level was demonstrated in 8 patients. The preservation of traumatized motion segments may reduce the incidence of degenerative alterations and hypermobilities in adjacent levels. The transfixation technique in anterior procedures leads to a reduced time of spinal exposure, complications as a result of spinal graft manipulation, pseudarthrosis or donor graft site problems are no more relevant.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die ventrale interkorporelle Spondylodese und Instrumentation gilt als Standardverfahren in der Versorgung instabiler Verletzungen der HWS. Ziel der Untersuchung war die Erhebung der Behandlungsergebnisse bei temporärer Stabilisation verletzter Bewegungssegmente der HWS. In der Zeit von 1990–1998 wurden an der Universität Ulm wegen Verletzungen der Halswirbelsäule insgesamt 155 Patienten operativ versorgt. Bei 22 Patienten erfolgte eine überbrückende Instrumentation des Bewegungssegmentes ohne Fusion, eine Implantatentfernung konnte inzwischen bei 12 Patienten vorgenommen werden. Eingangskriterien waren eine Altersbegrenzung von unter 45 Jahren sowie ein Verletzungstyp mit fehlender frakturbedingter knöcherner Spinalkanaleinengung. Übersichtsradiographisch darstellbare degenerative Veränderungen zum Verletzungszeitpunkt stellten ein Ausschlusskriterium dar. Bei der Nachuntersuchung waren alle Patienten beruflich rehabilitiert, 11 von 12 Patienten waren mit dem Behandlungsergebnis sehr zufrieden oder zufrieden. Sekundäre Instabilitäten sowie posttraumatische Bandscheibenvorfälle waren in keinem Fall aufgetreten. Eine Restmobilität im verletzten Bewgungssegment konnte bei 8 Patienten nachgewiesen werden. Der Verzicht auf eine Fusion bei ventralem Vorgehen führt zur Verkürzung der Operationszeit, Komplikationsmöglichkeiten von Seiten der Spaninterposition und der Spanentnahme entfallen.
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