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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 61 (1983), S. 275-282 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurofibromatosis ; Cell culture ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Skin fibroblasts and tumor cells were cultured from four patients with peripheral von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis (NF). The cell type enriched in culture from the tumors carried the fibroblastic Thy 1.1. cell surface antigen and produced fibronectin, like fibroblasts from skin of NF-patients or from control persons. In electron micrographs the NF tumor and NF skin cells were similar to the control skin fibroblasts; elongated in shape, contained tubular mitochondria, variable amounts of granular endoplasmic reticulum, numerous lysosomal inclusion bodies and collections of 5 nm filaments. Trypsinized cells were fractionated with centrifugation in a Percoll density gradient. All cell lines produced only one sharp band of viable cells at the buoyant density of 1.03. Compared with the NF skin or control skin fibroblasts the NF tumor cells, however, produced a less well organized peri-and extracellular matrix estimated from fibronectin fluorescence. The nuclear sizes were measured from photographs of the cultures. The nuclei of all four tumor cell lines were larger than those of the skin fibroblasts of the corresponding patients. Neurofibromatosis tumor cells thus resemble skin fibroblasts in their density and in some ultrastructural properties but are different in their growth pattern and synthetic functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Caudate ; Cat ; 9 Types of synapses ; Degenerated ; Cortico-striate boutons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the cat caudate nucleus the same nine types of synapses are found as in putamen and fundus striati. The three parts of the striatum in the strict sense do not differ in the morphological differentiation of synapse types but only in their quantitative distribution. One-third of all synapses in the caudate nucleus are axo-spinous type IV synapses with a curved and divided asymmetric contact. This strongly suggests that the caudate nucleus interneuronal apparatus is dominated by centre-median input, in contrast to the putamen which is controlled by the cortico-striatal input to its internuncial cells and by its strong intrastriatal feedback mechanism. Extensive destruction of the convexity of the cortex and the medial cortex in one hemisphere results in dark degeneration of a large proportion of two of the nine types of caudate synapses: a) the axo-dendritic type VII synapses exciting the large aspiny caudate neurons and b) the axo-spinous type III synapses making contact with the small spiny neurons of the interneuronal cell apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 41 (1981), S. 329-337 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Caudate nucleus ; Golgi/EM ; Corticocaudate projection ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A combined Golgi/electron microscopic technique was used to investigate the fine structure and synaptology of Golgi-stained spiny neurons in the caudate nucleus of the cat. In order to study the termination sites of cortical afferents on Golgistained spiny neurons, cortical fibres were caused to degenerate by making extensive cortical lesions 3 days prior to fixation of the animals. When examined in the electron microscope, perikarya of labelled spiny neurons have a round nucleus, a few mitochondria and microtubules, and a poorly developed Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Only rarely are axo-somatic contacts seen. Labelled dendrites exhibit a moderate number of microtubules and sometimes elongated mitochondria. Numerous labelled spines are seen in the vicinity of their parent dendrites. They are contacted by smaller type I and type III boutons and larger type IV boutons (Hassler et al. 1978). Large boutons filled with clear round vesicles establish symmetric contacts with labelled dendritic shafts. Degenerating boutons of cortical afferents are seen in contact with spines and, more rarely, with dendritic shafts of Golgi-stained spiny neurons. All degenerating boutons synapsing with labelled structures are found some distance from the cell body. No contacts of degenerating cortical boutons with the soma or with stem dendrites of Golgi-stained spiny neurons are found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 89 (1992), S. 71-80 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Herpes simplex virus ; autoreceptors ; dopamine ; rotational behaviour ; experimental encephalitis ; D-2 receptors ; D-1 receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Brain dopamine receptors were determined in experimental herpes encephalitis using an animal model, where herpes simplex virus type 1 was inoculated onto the cornea of rabbits. The animals exhibit an asymmetric posture and circling to the side of inoculation, which appears to be connected to the altered dopamine transmission in the mesostriatal system. In this study striatal and mesencephalic D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptors were measured by radioligand techniques using3H-SCH 23390 and3H-spiroperidol as ligands. In the striatal D-1 and D-2 receptors there were no significant differences between HSV-inoculated and control rabbits. In the substantia nigra-ventral tegmental area there was a significant decrease in the D-2 receptors (Bmax) on the side contralateral to the primary virus inoculation and the direction of the rotational behaviour, without any changes in the D-1 receptors. Thus experimental herpes simplex virus infection seems to affect the mesencephalic dopamine autoreceptors, leading to unilateral activation of the mesostriatal dopamine system and rotational behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 74 (1988), S. 87-95 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Superoxide dismutase ; catalase ; glutathione peroxidase ; glutathione reductase ; human brain ; aging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Regional distribution of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities were studied in 22 anatomic sites of 5 human brains. No significant regional differences were observed in cytosolic activities of any enzyme studied, nor in particulate activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase, whereas particulate glutathione peroxidase activities were distributed unevenly, the highest activities observed in the basal nucleus and amygdala. There were significant interindividual differences in the activities of each enzyme. This was shown to result partly from the decrease of cytosolic superoxide dismutase and catalase activities with age, concurrently with age-related decrease of particulate glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 25 (1963), S. 177-186 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Es wurde die Aktivität des hypothalamo-neurohypophysären neurosekretorischen Systems bei Mäusen, die im Dunkeln gehalten wurden, untersucht. Die Tiere befanden sich von der Geburt an 6 Wochen Tag und Nacht in völliger Finsternis. 2. Es wurde festgestellt, daß sich bei den im Finstern gehaltenen Tieren im Perikaryon der Neuronen sowohl im Nucleus supraopticus als auch im Nucleus paraventricularis in statistisch signifikantem Ausmaß weniger neurosekretorisches Material (NSM) fand als bei gleichaltrigen Kontrolltieren bei normaler Beleuchtung (Licht tagsüber und Dunkelheit in der Nacht). Auch das Zellkernvolumen der Neuronen beider Nuclei war bei den Versuchstieren signifikant geringer als bei den Kontrolltieren. Dagegen konnte kein nennenswerter Unterschied bezüglich der Menge des NSM im Bereich des Tractus hypothalamo-hypophyseus und des Processus infundibularis zwischen den Gruppen wahrgenommen werden. In der Eminentia medialis, um die Kapillaren der hypophysären Portalgefäße wurde NSM sowohl bei den Kontrolltieren als bei den im Dunkeln gehaltenen Mäusen beobachtet, und zwar fand sich hier die Menge des NSM bei beiden Gruppen in der gleichen Größenordnung. Dagegen war bei den in Dunkelheit gehaltenen Tieren die Zahl von transversalen neurosekretorischen, zu den Portalgefäßen ziehenden Nervenfasern deutlich geringer als bei den Kontrolltieren. 3. Es wird gezeigt, daß Finsternis einen hemmenden Einfluß auf die Aktivität des hypothalamo-neurohypophysären neurosekretorischen Systems ausübt. Ferner wird geltend gemacht, daß bei den in Dunkelheit gehaltenen Tieren offenbar eine verminderte Ausschüttung von NSM in der Eminentia medialis in das Portalgefäßsystem stattfindet und daß dies unter anderem mit durch die Finsternis herbeigeführten Veränderungen der Aktivität der Adenohypophyse zusammenhängen könnte.
    Abstract: Résumé 1. En utilisant des souris comme animaux d'expérience on a étudié l'activité du système neurosecrétoire hypothalamo-neurohypophysaire sous l'influence d'une obscurité continuel. Les souris étaient tenues, dès la naissance, dans une obscurité complète, jours et nuits, au cours d'une période de six semaines. 2. On a constaté que les animaux tenus dans l'obscurité, présentaient moins de matériaux neurosecrétoires (N.S.M.) en quantités statistiquement significatives, dans le périkaryon, des neurones, aussi bien qu'au noyau supraoptique qu'au noyau paraventriculaire, que les animaux de contrôle du même âge, tenus à lumière normale (lumière pendant la journée, obscurité pendant la nuit). Aussi les volumes du noyau de la cellule neuronale des deux nuclei étaient considérablement plus petits que chez les animaux de contrôle. D'autre part, dans la région du tractus hypothalamo-hypophysaire et celle du procès infundibulaire, aucune différence significative ne pouvait être constatée à l'égard de la quantité du N.S.M. entre les deux groupes. Dans l'éminence médiane, autour des capillaires des vaisseaux portaux hypophysaires on constata des produits du N.S.M. aussi bien chez les animaux tenu dans l'obscurité que chez les animaux de contrôle. Le degré du N.S.M. était le même dans les deux groupes. Par contre, on constatait chez les animaux tenus à l'obscurité considérablement moins de fibres nerveuses neurosecrétoires transversales se dirigeant vers les vaisseaux portaux que chez les animaux de contrôle. 3. On démontre que l'obscurité exerce un effet réprimant sur l'activité du système neurosecrétoire hypothalamo-neurohypophysaire. De plus, on prétend que chez les animaux tenus à l'obscurité, évidemment un transfert réduit de N.S.M. se produit dans l'éminence médiane dans le système des vaisseaux portaux, et que ce phénomène éventuellement peut se trouver en relation avec les modifications à la suite de l'obscurité dans l'activité du lobe antérieur de l'hypophyse.
    Notes: Summary 1. The activity of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial neurosecretory system in continuous darkness was studied, using mice as test animals. The mice were kept from birth in constant darkness, day and night, for six weeks. 2. The animals that had lived in darkness showed statistically significantly less N.S.M. in the perikaryon of the neurons of both the S.O.N. and the P.V.N. than control animals of the same age living in normal lighting conditions (light days, dark nights). The nuclear volumes of the neurons of both nuclei were also significantly smaller in the darkness animals than in the controls. On the other hand, no significant difference in the amount of N.S.M. was evident in the hypothalamo-hypophysial tract and infundibular process of the two groups. N.S.M. was found around the capillaries of the hypophysial portal vessels in the median eminence of both the control animals and those kept in darkness. The amounts of N.S.M. at this point were of the same order in both groups, whereas transverse neurosecretory nerve fibres running towards the portal vessels were significantly fewer in the darkness animals than in the controls. 3. It is suggested that darkness has a depressing effect on the activity of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial neurosecretory system. It is also suggested that in animals living in darkness the passage of N.S.M. to the portal vascular system in the median eminence is clearly reduced and that this may possibly be connected with the changes brought about by darkness in the function of the anterior pituitary gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 34 (1973), S. 145-151 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Blood levels of growth hormone, insulin and glucose were studied in 63 patients before and after intravenous levodopa (1.5 mg/kg), oral levodopa (0.5 g and 1.0 g) and amantadine (100 mg). A significant increase of growth hormone concentrations was found after intravenous and oral 1.0 g doses. No significant differences were found in insulin and glucose concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 42 (1978), S. 151-157 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bromocriptine was used as a treatment for Parkinson's disease in 15 patients for 20 weeks. Immunoreactive plasma lutrophin (LH), follitrophin (FSH), prolactin, and somatotrophin (GH, growth hormone) concentrations were analysed before and during the treatment. Plasma prolactin levels were very markedly reduced during treatment. Plasma lutrophin levels were increased statistically significantly in female patients, but not in male patients. No changes were noticed in follitrophin levels, but plasma somatotrophin levels were reduced during treatment. No correlations were found between the degree of clinical response and changes in plasma gonadotrophin and somatotrophin. This suggests that the effects of bromocriptine on extrapyramidal and neuroendocrine dopaminergic neurons are unrelated. We suggest careful and frequent controls of neuroendocrine secretion patterns in patients with Parkinson's disease who are treated with high doses of dopamine receptor stimulators, since the responses of some pituitary hormones to bromocriptine are very marked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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